[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] is recognized for five minutes. Thank you. Mr. Zuckerberg, thank you for being here today and i want to thank the chairwoman for having this hearing. Youve said a lot of things today that couldnt have been said during the last hearing. Your responses to questions has been very district and very helpful. Thank you for that and thank you very much for being here. I just had a few quick questions about the Libra Association. On the website, one of the benefits before mr. Marcus appeared before our committee was that those contributing, who joined the association, could derive dividends from libra investment tokens and thats since been taken off. Could you elaborate on that . Sure, congressman, i think that there had been an idea that in order to encourage marketing of the payment service, that there might be some investment that other companies could make into this and some return that they could make, but i think that that idea has either morphed or been abandoned at this point. Im not sure exactly what the current state of it is. But thats what youre referring to. Do you think thats a reason some of these bigger named players pulled out of the association . Do you have a theory on that . I dont think thats related to that, would be my guess. Those companies could have invested if they wanted to under that program, but im not sure that they were planning to. And so i want to close on this line of switzerland. I traveled with the chairwoman to switzerland and we found an environment there that seemed to be very pro bringing the association to switzerland and one of the things that was troubling to me was this idea that weve got a Great American company like facebook and a Great AmericanSuccess Story like yourself whos pushing this idea on foreign soil n. Your written testimony, one of the things you said is i believe this will extend americas Financial Leadership as well as our Democratic Values around the world. If america doesnt innovate, our Financial Leadership isnt guaranteed. Those are your words. Why not bring this to the United States, even if it means saying, we tried this, we couldnt get our fellow americans couldnt get congress on board, but we think well have more success here at home . Why not give that a shot. Congressman, our subsidy calibra and a lot of the other organizations are american, a lot of the work were doing is happening in america. The platforms that were building, like whatsapp and Facebook Messenger where people might be able to use libra, those are American Products that carry our values and its contemplated that the reserve would be primarily american dollars. We talked at length today about some of the reasons why it might make sense to headquarter an International Association in the place that a lot of other International Associations are headquartered, but i wouldnt take away from that that this isnt still going to be an American Innovation that is extending americas Financial Leadership around the world. So ill just say this, before this hearing, i kind of had two issues, one was some of the issues facebook has had over the last few years, a lot of them have been voiced in this hearing today and the other was the whole issue of moving this to switzerland and i would say that i think youve done a good job answering our questions today. Any company as large as yours is going to have problems and youll continue to have problems. And so im not so much against the idea of facebook pursuing an innovative idea like perhaps i was in the past. Its difficult for me to get on board with something thats so big being in another country and i would implore you to consider bringing this home, perhaps, as things move forward. Youve said that youll pull out of the association if it goes into a direction you dont want to go. I would argue that you have enough influence to bring this home and i would ask that you consider that. And i yield back. The gentlewoman from iowa, ms. Axne is recognized for five minutes. I asked my constituents what they would like to ask you and i would like to enter those into the record. Without objection, such is the order. Im going to talk about privacy in a second. It says your mission is to give people the power to build community and bring the world closer together. If your goal is to bring the world closer together, i believe that requires you taking your responsibility for our elections very seriously. I know yesterday you revealed new attacks from russia and iran, many of them targeting swing states and i take those very personally because those are my constituents and i would like you to keep that in mind when youre thinking about the people who are being targeted. I dont want to spend too long on this, but facebooks size makes it a target for attacks and if facebook is going to remain essential to how americans communicate, i need you to work harder to prevent these kinds of attacks. Lets start with a couple of basics. How Many American adults have a facebook account . I dont know the exact break down, off the top of my head. I believe u. S. And canada combined is about 240 million or 85 of the adults and the second question would be i know substantially all of facebooks 55 billion in refb last year came from advertising, is that correct . Congresswoman, the vast majority comes from advertising. 50 billion, at least, do you think comes from advertising . Yes. And i believe this year you said you want to make sure that folks have an opportunity to control their data privacy. I believe you said this last year that youre going to make sure that folks have that opportunity even when theyre not logged into facebook, is that correct . Congresswoman, im not sure what youre referring to, but in general, yes, i think people should have control over all of their information in all forms. Do you collect data on people who dont even have an account with facebook . Congresswoman, there are a number of cases where a website or app might send us signals from things that theyre seeing and we might match that to someone whos on our services but someone might send us information about somebody whos not on our services in which case we wouldnt likely use that. You collect data on people who dont have an account, correct . Im not sure thats what i said. If youre able to access that information, thats information about somebody who might not have a facebook account. If youre referring to a person up loading their own contact list and saying that the information on their contact list might include people who are not on facebook, then, sure, yes, in that case so facebook then has a profile of virtually every american and your Business Model is to sell ads based on harvesting as much data as possible from as many people as possible. So you said last year that you believed it was a reasonable principle that consumers should be able to easily place limits on the personal data that Companies Collect and retain. I know facebook users has a setting to opt out of Data Collection and they can download their information but i want to remind you of what you said, facebook is about putting power in peoples hands. If one of my constituents doesnt have a facebook account, how are they supposed to place limits on the information your company has about them when they collect information about them but they dont have the opportunity to opt out because theyre not in facebook . Congresswoman, respectfully, i think i dont agree with the characterization saying that if someone up thats one example. I know theres multiple ways that youre able to collect data for individuals. Im asking you for those folks who dont have a facebook account, what are you doing to help them place limits on the information that your company has about them . Congresswoman, my understanding is not that we build profiles for people who are not on our service. There may be signals that apps and other things send to us that might include people who arent in our community. But i dont think we include those in any kind of understanding of who a person is if the person isnt on our services. I appreciate that. What actions do you know specifically are being taken or are you willing to take to ensure that people who dont have a facebook account, have that power to limit the data that your company is collecting . Congresswoman, what im trying to communicate is that i believe that thats the case today. I can get back to you on all of the Different Things that we do in terms of controls and services that would be great because we absolutely need some specifics around that to make sure that people can protect their data privacy. Mr. Zuckerberg, to conclude, facebook is tracking peoples behavior in numerous ways whether theyre using it or not. Its been used to undermine our elections and of course i know youre aware facebook isnt the most trusted name. Im asking you to think about what needs to be fixed before you bring a currency to market. Thank you. The gentle from virginia is recognized for five minutes. Thank you for appearing today. It seems as though facebook is a regular fixture at the committee these days. My first question is simple, how realist of a trail was the social network . By the way, and the reason i ask that dwe, i think were getting to the begin of social network 2 and i want to be in charge of my own casting. I think your life story is impressive. I think hard work, you can aspire and have the american dream. However, i was part of the r d infrastructure at the secretary of state, i had to do a lot of Quick Reaction and so i know the difficulty of trying to do Something Like this. I have some real questions. And when i was in the dod they played this thing called stump the dummy, i will not do that today. I promise you that. Im going to ask some questions here. The first thing, you talked about the many countries, i think and and i got a question, i looked it up, the power of google, 170 million or so users, 3. 2 billion worldwide for facebook. If this happens and i know the calibra is a part of facebook and a wallet to hold an independent currency like libra. If youre in all of these separate countries, do you believe its possible to build a rules set, some kind of rules based Machine Learning thing where you can comport or have the antimoneylaundering of each country rolled into the algorithm when you buy libra in that geographic entity. I was wondering if thats something thats thats automat when youre logging in or building your libra account through a wallet that might not be coming through . Tz. Congressman, this is a good question. Were certainly looking at whether there are elements of the aml or kyc regulations that can be encoded at the Network Level and not just at the level of the individual wallets or Payment Companies involved. In terms of how this works in Different Countries around the world, what we find is the mesh standard in regulations tend to be pretty strict. Ask that if we can build similar tools for verifying peoples government i. D. S across the world in different places, you can make a centralized investment in that and then have it apply in a number of places. I think if we comply with americas laws on this, we will largely be in compliance with most of what needs to happen around the world. There may be some specific things that need to be done differently in some places, but the technical complexity would be relatively similar. We have usually prepared questions so now im riffing because you talked about the digitizing and we talked about the digital dollar. So my question is this. When it comes to sort of antiMoney Laundering or trafficking, do you believe, this is a technical question not how far we can go into this. Do you believe the aml side you can tag the attributes of the transaction rather than the entity itself to see if theres any nefarious activity with that specific token. By not going to the privacy portions of this, can we track whats happening with that token. And at that point if its doing something wrong without identifying the user for that transaction. I think we likely will explore security measures like that. Just to analogize to another area of our work and preventing nation states from trying to interfere in the democrat you can process. That type of thing of just looking at patterns of activity that kind of clusters of accounts are making so we can build these ai systems that can can find amongst the billions of people using our services when a group isnt behaving in a way that a human would and pass that along to the fbi or the relevant Law Enforcement to help figure out what the right action to take is. Thats certainly been one of the the effective enforcement measures that you would be able to take. So i would imagine we will explore that here as well. It possible to tag a portion of the attributes rather than the people that bought the libra currency token itself . I have 15 seconds left so next week well be talking about location. But i really am excited about seeing how this goes along that we are concerned based on aml and bsa. Where youre going to go with this you want to end with tom cruze. He will be play iing me in soci network 2. The gentleman from illinois is recognized for five minutes. Its always a privilege had to follow you mr. Cruise. Thank you, madame chair. I understand about a month ago you had a meeting in the oval office with the president and several senators in both parties. Is that correct . Thats correct. Was there a note taker present at that meeting . Tz. Congressman, i dont think there were note takers in any of these meetings. Youre not aware of any record of what was discuss ed . Im not aware of any r formal record. Did you or the president at that meeting raise or discuss the antitrust investigations that are underway at the department of justice, federal trade commission . Congressman, i dont think so, but the meeting was private overall. I understand there was no record. Im asking whether the subject came up. Congressman, those subjects didnt come up, but in general, i dont feel like its appropriate for me to comment on too much detail on private conversations. Were in a public office. Did anyone discuss the policy change alone in the kpems of political figures from misinformation on facebook at the course of the meeting . Congressman, no, that did not come up. I want to dive into that a little more detail. Not in the context of your meeting. If i understand your testimony here today, you have an aggressive posture against essentially allowing free speech, but blocking the speaker. So for example, if Jenny Mccarthy were to post dont get your kids vaccinated, would you take that down . Congressman, i think we would probably not take that down, but its hard to comment on a hypothetical without looking at the post. Someone with a large platform spreading misinformation on your platform, youre saying you wouldnt take it down or you would . Congressman, in general, our policy is not to ban people from posting things that are false. It is to you can Say Something on r your page if you want if an independent fact checker mark it is as false, well put a label on it that says an independent fact checker marked it as false. We will reduce the distribution and spread of it through the network. So the let me follow my colleagues comment. You said you were trying to police and block hate crimes and hate speech. If a member of the American Nazi Party posted antisemitic messaging, would you block that . Congressman, our policies against hate speech do lead to us taking down completely. Misinformation so now let me follow. In the last election art jones ran against dan live pin skit in illinois. Would he be allowed to speak on your platform in a different fashion . Congressman, im not familiar with who this person is. Im asking whether you can spread hate speech if youre an elected official or try iing toe an elected official that you would not be allowed to if you were not in that capacity . I think that depends on a bunch of specifics that im not familiar with this case and cant answer to. Thats rather shocking. I can follow up. I dont think thats a hard question, but fair enough. Let me ask you some hypothetical questions. You dont have to answer any of these and frankly probably dont want to answer any of them. Whether or not the First Amendment allows you to scream fire in a crowded theater is an open question that we struggle with all. How you define that. Whether or not the libra is is a bank or a credit card or a Credit Rating system and what Regulatory Environment it sits under you have the luxury and the privilege not to have to ask those questions or answer those questions. We have to figure that out. Kwour a smart i guy. Youre a wellmeaning guy. I have admiration for what you have built. I would remind you of the wisdom of one of our Supreme Court justices who said the greatest danger to liberty, the greatest dangers to liberty lurk in enapproachment us by men of zeal, well meaning but without understanding. Just as he also described, one of my colleagues likes to ask everybody if they are a capitalist or a socialist. He pointed out when we have tremendous concentration of power, we only have three choices. To embrace fascism, we can allow government to take over that concentration of power, which is to embrace communism, or embrace competition. Your luxury, sir is, your privilege comes from the tact as a country those of us on this side have always chosen door three. And i hope you have the wisdom to appreciate that. Thank you, i yield back. The gentleman from minnesota is recognized for five minutes. Thank you, madame chair. Thank you mr. Zuckerberg for being here and staying here throughout this entire process. Since i have the opportunity to help close out this hearing, i this i can safely say this is at least the second time you have testified before congress where members end up looking like they have invested no time learning about new technologies in order to responsibly question Tech Companies. I think thats a fair takeaway from this hearing. Congress has nowhere close to catching up with some of the most base you can changes happening in our society. Id like to thank the republican leader of the Financial Services committee r for the recent opportunity to serve as the Ranking Member of the Financial Technology task force. In this new role, i look forward to working with my colleagues to foster competitive environment in which American Innovation can flourish. This includes crypto currency, block Chain Networks and every area. I have serious concerns about the structure of libra and its establishment outside the u. S. I also think its important to distinguish libra from crypto currency and decentralize open Public Networks. What im most concerned about is congress. And american regulators. Unfortunately, my colleagues have offered several proposals in conjunction with the hearing that could have a harmful impact on innovation in the United States. A few of these provisions appear to apply securities regulation beyond actual securities. As cochair of the block chain caucus, i frequently meet with entrepreneurs who try to follow the rules and never receive a clear answer from regulator what is they are doing is legal. It is not been clear whether innovators who play by the rules will ever receive the assurances that the u. S. Government would not come after them. Clarity is necessary in securities law. We can support open Public Networks and do so in a nonpartisan fashion. Thats why i intend to introduce a bill to make it clear as long as you register as a security or comply with an exemption under existing law you will not continue to have prosecution from a regulator hang over your head when that asset is publicly distributed, in fact, a commodity. As lawmakers, its our responsibility to explore all assets of the platform. It has the potential to impact so many and determine what, if any, laws should be passed to protect consumers while enabling businesses in the American Economy to grow. If we dont lead in this area, others most certainly will. Im encouraged by new opportunities to address this issue and approach these types of innovations with an open mind. It presents an exciting opportunity for commerce and remittances here in the United States and globally. We always understand any new innovation presents risks. The Financial Stability board last week issued a detailed report of the risks that should be considered when we look at Something Like libra. These are serious risks that we as lawmakers and as a committee need to work through. But let me repeat that. We need to work through them. We should look at these issues, these opportunities and these risks intelligently with input from experts in each of these areas. What we should not do is assume we need to ban them. The legislation identified for discussion during todays hearing would do just that. In your testimony, you present serious concerns with chinas actions. I share this concern, but it should not come at the cost of one single right of americans, especially freedom of speech, assembly and the right to due process we can excel. A part from closeddoor meetings and being called to testify, what has facebook done to engage the Crypto Community to help regulators understand all the innovations in this space and why it should be supported domestically . Thank you, congressman, you raise a money of number important in here. Part of the reason why were organizing why we helped start the independent Libra Association. This is clearly an area where it cant just be one Company Operating by itself and trying to stand up a system like this. And a number of the other companies and organizations part of the association are companies that have been involve d in the Crypto Community and products for many years before we got into the space. So some of them have colt up here and talked to all of you about the work they are doing. Representing my views on how i think this can advance our economy and help to help lead to more Financial Inclusion and build Good Services for people. I think over time, well want more members of the Libra Association to be involved in educating more focus as well. Thank you, i look forward to continuing the discussion. The gentlewoman from massachusetts is recognized for five minutes. Thank you, madame chair. I have always maintained that those closest to the pain should be closest to the power. Driving and inform iing the policymaking. One thing is abundantly clear to me. You are very close to the power. Power is only growing. Although theres disagreement about who really created facebook, you ultimately secured near unilateral control of the company. Because of your control of 90 of facebooks class b shares, even if all other shareholders were to vote the same way, any proposal you dont support would still fail. Libra is facebook and facebook is you. I know you understand the technological and Business Case for libra. You have the stats, but im not certain you know the stories. You understand the source of the pain that millions are experiencing that are experiencing under banking and credit invisibility. So mr. Zuckerberg, in your adult life, have you ever been under banked . Yes or no . Im going to go with no. When i asked the head about why people lack Bank Accounts he said that, identity is a big problem. Yes or no, do you agree that authentication is the major hurdle to accessing the Financial System . Congresswoman, im not sure. I think its probably different in different places around the world. The same bank report cited finds that almost twothirds of 1. 7 billion people who dont have Bank Accounts say its because they lack enough money to open one. So this is not about authentication. This is not about banking costs. This is about a tsunami of hurt that millions are experiencing because of a 1. 6 trillion student debt crisis, Rising Health care costs and people having to use gofundme to pay medical bills. This is because of the racial and gender wealth gap. So again, you represent the power, but i dont think you understand the pain. Theres underbanking because people are are broke. And so let me just ask you this question. Yes or no, is it free to use the wallet . Congresswoman, it isnt a service that is available today. Assuming we were able to launch it, it will be free. So theres no fee . Thats the goal. To make it so that so theres no fee . The goal moving on. If it costs money to buy libra and costs money to use the wallet, i fail to see how this helps people with virtually no money. You are attempting to use technology to solve what is is inherently an issue of wealth. At the end of the day, you are a business. So what is in the business interest for you here . And do you believe in what you are building . Do you believe in what youre building . Congresswoman, yes. So yes or no, would you leave behind your childrens inheritance in libra . Congresswoman, yes, i do. Would you leave behind your childrens inheritance in libra . I i think its a fair question. You have prooumpb we cannot trust you with our emails, with our phone numbers. So why should we trust you with our hardearning money . If you cant answer yes or no, would you leave behind r inheritan inheritance . I would because it will be backed one to one by other currencies. Im running out of time. Your recent speech at georgetown touched upon how you were affected by the start of the iraq war when you were in college and how if more people had a voice to share their experiences maybe things would have gone differently. Earlier this year you announced that general council. She was the chief deputy in legal policy at the department of justice. In the fall of 2001 it was the daytoday manager of the patriot act in congress. She helped Sell Congress on masseur surveillance once already and now shes advising you how to do it again. So yes or no, is the patriot act reflective of your views on privacy and free speech . Ten seconds left. Its a straight forward question. Is it reflective of your views on private is sit and free speech . Theres a lot in there. I do not agree with all of it. Thats not what your hiring choices indicate. Mya angelou told us a long time ago. When people reveal who they are, believe the the gentleman from indiana, mr. Hollingsworth, is recognized for five minutes. Good afternoon, mr. Zuckerberg. I appreciate you being here and your thoughtful answers to many of the questions that have been posed. I actually do think youre really sympathetic to lot of the plants around the world including access to Financial System and some of the transaction costs associated with remitting money to individuals who may be farflung around the world. I do think that you care a lot about that andem i think your zl and passion for mobilizing, harnessing technology to deliver birth outcomes for a vast number of people is truly inspirational and appreciate the effort that you and many of the people facebook and other technologies undertake every single day to empower people to live better lives. Iun wanted to ask, in concert wh that i assume you and the others with you and with facebook and the liber association have made conscientious choices about how you with the architecture of the technology to reflect what youre trying to do to lower the transaction costs and health the Financial Service. I wonder if you might deduct about the technology and the choices you made and have the reflects your genuine desire for this to be a tool of empowerment, a tool of connection, not an investment or security Something Like that. I wonder if you might talk about that for a second . Thank you, congressman. Youre right. I think theres an opportunity to build a new financial infrastructure, maybe not completely from the ground up rebuild a lot of the crux that is takeout a lot thats been built up over the years. Build something up and n requirements are placed on it over time, you build more things. Technology advances let us jump over that. I think we are in a different state of Technology Today where some of the advancements and watching and things that can be done, decentralized and in some cases the combination of decentralized and centralized systems which were able to facilitate here with calibra as part of the Libra Association, just allow a lot of the costs and inefficiencies to be taken out of the system. If you look at it today you have your mobile phone, you can text someone around the world, it gets there in less then a second. It is easy to use. I dont see why you shouldnt be able to send money the same way. It should get there quickly, shouldnt take days to get there like current remittances do. It should be free or extremely affordable. It may not be completely free because we have to comply with a lot of regulations that require people and work but like the cost of Text Messages used to be very high before there was competition in that space the cost of money transfers should come down dramatically and enabling their competition and a new way of thinking about the space is what we are looking for. What i have read about the choices that have been made and the architecture behind the technology has you articulated head to a basket of currencies to be safe, not volatile. Its not truly a decentralized technology. It requires a central purpose and i think you have built that architecture so you can empower these individuals. It gets easy to talk about some of the demons that have been unleashed by technology and it is easy to forget the amazing advancements we have been able to make as people, as humans because of this technology and i want this to reach more people around the world, you have a tremendous network with 21 2 billion people connected to that network. The question is what else can we connect to that network to make it not only more valuable for the association but more valuable for each of those people and to people who felt disempowered and feel they operate in a separate economy than the developed world and a separate Financial Service system. I believe in what you are trying to do and i also believe you at your word in saying the goal is to comply, to get to the right outcome, the goal is to make a difference in peoples lives. Facebook is already done that and it reflects some of societys bills is not necessarily facebooks fault and we should reflect carefully on ensuring we have the right crucible for developing this technology over time and i appreciate the effort you have taken. Thank you. The gentleman from utah, mister mcadams. In addition to my job as a member of congress i hold debt. I have four children ages 8, 11, and 14yearold twins. Keeping them safe not just for them but for thousands of kids that live in the district is what i want to talk about today. The role Online Social Networks play in the lives of teenagers causes me much stress keeps me up at night. The question who are my kids talking to online, are they being groomed or exposed to illicit content . What about the exposure to what they see online mean for their physical and Mental Health and wellbeing . I am sure these are questions and concerns most parents have. I want to discuss the role facebook and a lot of other other Online Social Networks play in keeping a safe. The point made by my republican colleague miss wagner, the New York Times published a troubling article on child sexual exploitation. The times reported Technology Companies including facebook reported a record 45 million online photos, videos and child sexual abuse content last year and facebook was responsible for the vast majority of reports of online sexual abuse material but thanks for your efforts to crack down on that. Facebook messenger alone was responsible for 65 of the reports, 12 million of 18. 4 Million Worldwide reports and i know you are aware of that report. The report also noted only halfway through the year specialized Law Enforcement team has conducted 150 raids across utah. In response to internet crimes against children and they expect to arrest twice as many people this year compared to last year for crimes related to child sex and sexual abuse material. This is clearly a problem in utah, a problem across our nation and it isnt getting better, it is getting worse. Yes or no, do you believe online social media platforms such as they spoke have a role to play or even an obligation to ensure their platforms are safe throughout our vulnerable population, especially our children. Absolutely and we do a lot of work on this. As you pointed out that is the reason i saw your comments and that is good to hear. Lets dig into the challenges, the steps facebook is making to make sure our children remain protected. According to reports whats apps has more average monthly users been Facebook Messenger, 1. 6 billion, 1. 3 billion respectively but according to the New York Times report Facebook Messenger report 60 of all sexual abuse reports whereas the data shows whats apps, the encrypted messaging apps submits only a small fraction of the reports messenger does. Im curious why whats apps, your more popular messaging apps reports only a fraction of the incidents facebook has. Yes or no, is in part because whats apps is encrypted end to end where Facebook Messenger is not . Thats right was when the concept is included end to end we cant see the content itself so we have to do other measures to prevent connections between adults and minors. Earlier this year you announced plans to move your messenger apps in the direction of whats apps by including all communications over that apps end to end. It is a delicate balance between privacy and child safety but i dont think this is an either or proposition. Facebook and other Tech Companies have innovation at their core. They can have inclusion and secure messaging while ensuring we protect our children. That technology can play a role in keeping our children safe even if the apps is encrypted. I see value in Encryption Technology and more secure Data Transmission but i know it comes with risks. Im concerned about end to end encryption with crypto currency rocket fuel. If we dont get it right, the repercussions it may have on our ability to stop predators and take advantage of our children. Seeing that my time is short i know your use your technologies to detect and delete explicit content like ai. Facebook needs to do much more to protect our children. They moved to encryption for Facebook Messenger will only proliferate the danger if not done correctly, with plausible deniability on what goes on on your platform. You can and should prioritize child safety, i urge you to work with child Safety Experts before taking any steps to put our children in danger. 45 million photos and videos of child sexual material, we must do better. Our children deserve nothing less. Thank you. The gentlewoman from new york, miss ocasio cortez, is recognized for five minutes. Good to see you, Mister Zuckerberg. I think you can appreciate using a persons past behavior to determine, predict or make decisions about future behavior. In order to understand libra we need to test dig into your past behavior with respect to our democracy. Mister zuckerberg, what year and month did you first become aware of Cambridge Analytica . I am not sure of the exact time, but it was probably around the time when it became public, around march 2018. I could be wrong. When did Sheryl Sandberg become aware of Cambridge Analytica . I dont know off the top of my head. That anyone on your readership team know about Cambridge Analytica prior to the report by the guardian . Congresswoman, i believe so. Some folks were tracking it internally. As you are asking this, i do think i was aware of Cambridge Analytica as an entity but dont know if i was tracking how they were using facebook. When was the issue discussed with your board member peter teal . I dont know that. This is the largest data scandal with respect your company that had catastrophic impact on the 2016 election and you dont know . We discussed it after we were aware what happened. You announced the official policy of facebook now allows politicians to pay the system for information. In 2020 elections and in the future. I just want to know how far i can push this in the next year. Under your policy could i pay to target primarily black zip codes and an incorrect election date . Know you couldnt. Even for the policies around the newsworthiness of content politicians, the general principle you said you are not going to fact check. If anyone including a politician is saying things that can cause calling for violence or risk harm or depression when we roll out census depression policy we will take the content down. There is some threshold where you will fact check political advertisements . Yes for specific things like that where there is imminent risk. Could i run ads targeting republicans in primaries saying they voted for the Green New Deal . Are, can you repeat that . What i be able to run advertisements on facebook targeting republicans who voted for the Green New Deal . If you are not Fact Checking i want to understand the balance here. I dont know the answer off the top of my head. You dont know if i will be able to do that. Do you see a potential problem here with complete lack of Fact Checking on political advertisements . I think lying is bad and if you run an ad that lies that would be bad. That is different from it being in our position the right thing to do to prevent your constituents or people in an election seeing that you lied. So you wont take down lies are you will take down lies . Yes or no. Im not talking about spin. Im talking about actual in a democracy i believe people should be able to see for themselves what politicians they may or may not vote for so you wont taken down . You may flag but it is wrong but you wont taken down . It depends on the context how it shows up, organic posts. One more question. In your ongoing dinners with far right figures, some who had a Conspiracy Theory that White Supremacy is a hoax, did you discuss socalled social media bias against conservatives and do you believe there is a bias . Congresswoman, i dont remember everything in the question. Can you claim why you name the daily cholera publication, well documented with ties to White Supremacists as an official fact checker for facebook . Sure. We dont appoint independent fact checkers. They go through an independent organization, independent Fact Checking network that has a rigorous standard for who they allow to serve as fact checkers. You would say that White Supremacists publications meet rigorous standards for Fact Checking . Thank you. I would say we are not the one assessing the standard. The international Fact Checking network is setting that system. Thank you. The gentlewoman from virginia is recognized for five minutes. Thank you for sticking around and answering our questions. I know it has been a long day. Just so im clear on the difference between libra and calibra, libra is a global coin or currency or global Payment System as you call that in your earlier testimony, is that correct . That is correct. It is tied to a basket of commodities or currencies and backed by assets of members of the Libra Association . That is the current thinking although as we discussed in testimony still a fluid thing. It will be monitored and handled by the Libra Association which is a notforprofit entity, correct . The reserve as the libra Payment System will be handled by the independent Libra Association. That is notforprofit. You said that several times in your testimony. Calibra is the digital wallet where somebody puts their libra . Yes. A whollyowned subsidiary of facebook . That is correct and a forprofit entity. Im curious how you are going to make your money, what the Business Model is. Do you anticipate you will collect fees from vendors like a credit card processor or are you going to mine data and use that to monetize the data you get from peoples purchases or all of the above. We are not going to share Payment Information from calibra to the rest of facebook for personalizing services, there are limited cases we might have to share data. How you make money. The basic method is advertising overall. The way this will work still use the data for advertising purposes. Now. If you will give me a minute. I will reclaim my time. My time is halfway up. Facebook released its plan to protect the 2020 elections. I assume you are familiar with this document. Helping to protect the 2020 us elections. Yes. And the plan doesnt mention this but does talk about misinformation. And under this umbrella of misinformation according to the plan here. You understand is the difference between misinformation and disinformation, are you aware of that. And misinformation is false information, and is there a difference between those two concepts. Yes. Is that your position to get into what the intent of what the poster is getting the information out . It is not our responsibility or take into account. It is just harder to determine intensive skill. I have an example. And we saw. Were posted by a number of other folks. That was manipulated content. That came out before the policy started. It will determine whether is manipulated or not . It did have thirdparty how long did the Fact Checking review take . I dont know how long the review talk about there was an operational mistake which took too long for us to flag it for a fact checker to look at it. Once the information came out that it was anwho made the it up . Our policy, for misinformation i understand that is the policy but was there a recommendation the video be taken down . At that point in that process . The policy is fairly clear on how we should act with that. We were involved in making a decision about whether the video came down remains up . Congresswoman, yes and part of this, this is what our policy is now in recognizing this example among others highlighted for us that we need a separate policy that may be different from how we treat ordinary misinformation. We started by implementing the challenge to work on Technical Solutions for identifying deep fake and figuring out what they are and that is how we cover proceedings. Thanks. The gentlewoman from pennsylvania is recognized for 5 minutes. Thank you, Mister Zuckerberg, for being here before our committee. Does facebook do any business with Trump International hotels here in washington dc . Congresswoman, i do not know the answer to that. There have been public reports of enterprises and even governments doing business with trump hotels to curry favor with the administration. The you think you could get the answer to whether or not you have been doing any business facebook or your company has been doing any business with the hotel . I will look into it. He will get us data and information . My team will follow up with you. Any chance facebook actually books blocks of rooms that Trump International hotel and does not use them to to i would be very surprised to hear if that were the case. Who in your company would be in charge of the people who would do such booking . Congresswoman, im not even sure because i would be surprised if that was the thing we would do so i am not sure what team would be in charge of something i dont we are doing. You have no idea . I have certainly never heard of anything like that happening. I will confirm it after this. You dont know if facebook has booked for any occasion a room or block of rooms at Trump International hotel . I am not aware of that. It is hard to know all the things our organization hasnt done. You dont have any knowledge of that. That is correct. Even though what youre proposing would be regulated by congress and this trump administration. That is correct. We do now enterprises and foreign governments have booked rooms at trump hotel and there is a real concern about carrying favor with the administration by doing business there. You worry about that too . I have seen the stories. You worry about that too . Do you share the concern . Yes. If someone is trying to inappropriately curry favor that is bad. I look forward to your sharing that information with this committee. Lets move on to the role of trust. Federal reserve Board ChairmanJerome Powell said libra faces serious concerns regarding privacy, Money Laundering, Consumer Protection and Financial Security so before we move forward to libra why dont we look at the issue of trust and facebook. As you know from 2009 to 2011 there were many complaints about facebook and in 2011 you, facebook, agreed to settle with the ftc regarding deceptive practices. At least eight counts of wrongdoing, breaches of privacy. In 2012 the ftc accepted a final settlement with you, facebook, because facebook said you could keep your customers Information Private and you would agree to accept or require their express consent before sharing information. Is that correct . That was your 2012 agreement . That sounds roughly correct. That was a Consent Decree with the federal government. You think that is roughly correct . Roughly. Did you live up to that . That is for our regulator to decide. Are you aware of your july settlement . For a fine of 5 billion . Of course. You are aware. Over the course of 2009 until this very year while under a Consent Decree to clean up your credibility, your credibility with your customers to protect their privacy, to protect them from deceptive practices you failed to do that for 10 years. Am i correct . I wouldnt agree with that characterization. You settled for 5 billion in recognition of that failure. I will move on. Given your history why should congress, regulators and public trust you to create what amounts to the Worlds Largest bank, what really amounts to a shadow sovereign government. Why would we want you to do that . We are not creating a bank. We are helping an organization create a Payment System. Payment system of shadow currency that would operate like a government. I want to quote you. In a lot of ways facebook is more like a government than a traditional company. We have a Large Community of people and more than other Technology Companies we are really setting policies. We are like a government. That is facebook. I have very little time left. I will end of the next mission my son taught me recently. We earn credibility drop by drop but we poured away in buckets. I suggest, my hope is facebook will go back turning credibility drop by drop from the very customers you profit from. Thank you very much. The gentleman from north carolina, miss adams, recognized for five minutes. Thank you, Mister Zuckerberg. My colleagues and i have asked a lot of questions about trust. Facebook is playing a game of catch up especially among the africanamerican community. According to a report for the Senate Intelligence committee, the campaign on social media in 2016 made an extra area for to target africanamericans using an array of tactics to suppress turnout among democratic voters and the least activity on instagram which you also own, exceeding posts on facebook so the report states no single group of americans was targeted by our Information Officers more than africanamericans. As a black woman who has fought my entire life against these tactics, i implore you to ensure your platform does not become a dark place for fringe elements to amplify hate, racism, bigotry or otherwise allow those who wish to do harm to export real racial tensions that still exist in america today. My question is specifically how will facebook work to monitor the current platforms and libra to ensure you are not creating another avenue for bad actors and cyberterrorists using facebooks platform to upend National Security to exploit our cultural divisions, suppress voter turnout or interfere in the democratic system. Thank you, congresswoman. I will first address the election point and then talk about libra. On elections, we were unfortunately on our back foot in 2016. We were looking for certain security threats like hacking and we found the russian government was engaged in that we identified folks like the fbi, the dnc will found that but we were not looking for these coordinated information operations. Since then we build sophisticated systems to identify this kind of behavior we believe are more sophisticated than any other company is doing and a lot of governance. This monday we proactively identified on our own a new sophisticated set of attacks from russia and iran which, while that shows these governments are trying to engage in this kind of election interference and i hope will give us some confidence that we will more proactively identify these threats and nip them in the bud, libra do you want to address libra . Quickly because i have another question. I think we are aware over the last few years where we had a number of challenges that are a lot of what we do is too central to the democratic process for us to go off on our own and come up with what the answer is show up and launch it. What we are doing is launched, wrote a white paper in order to invite the conversation. We knew this was sensitive, a lot of issues to work there and we wanted to do so in an open way. I want to ask another question. With the recent settlement on employment dissemination charges or international discrimination and evidence indicating facebook, still intentionally discriminating based on race. Why should congress or regulators or the public trust that facebook would not intentionally discriminate in its offerings with libra . How can we trust that . On principle that is not something we would ever want to do or be in our interests to do but that is why there is regulation. Part of the challenge Internet Companies particularly our space, there is not sufficient regulation in a number of areas. We need federal privacy legislation, data portability legislation. There are rules on election related content that would be helpful because it is not clear to me we want private Companies Making good decisions on important areas. On the algorithm bias how have you addressed that . Part of the settlement we made with sha and civil Rights Groups we have agreed to study this in depth. First thing we need to figure out is the right way to study it. We dont know the race and ethnic background of people in our community and it is not clear people want us to track that. We need to figure out the right way to do this research so we understand the impact. Im out of time. Thank you very much. The gentleman from illinois recognized for 5 minutes. Thank you, mister chairman and Mister Zuckerberg for being here today. When your representative from facebook, libra, was here a month ago, mister marcus, i heard three positive things about libra, one that it is a nonprofit organization, that the aim of creating this project included banking the underbank and creating a more stable system for transferring money. As an immigrant i appreciate those things. You said that libra and calibra will follow federal laws and regulations that you have not been clear on which laws and regulations apply to your project. You told us earlier today that you were not seeking a bank charter. If you could answer yes or no, should libra be regulated as a bank . Yes or no . I dont believe so. That is a now. Questions have been raised whether or not us security laws apply to a stable coin like libra. Yes or no question. Should libra be regulated by the Securities Exchange commission . My understanding of the sec is discussing this. Do you think you ought to be regulated by the sec, yes or no . They get to decide you wont answer the question. You are unable to give clear answers which laws should apply to your project which is concerning to me given your advertising monopoly in your corporate power. We have blurred the lines between commerce and banking in this country. We have run into problems. That is why i am introducing the keep big tech out of finance act today. I dont think we can trust you. In 2012 the ftc caught you breaking the law, told you not to do it again and then you did it again. You did not give a deposition to the ftc as part of that investigation. The ftc associate director of enforcement has said you testified under oath that if you had testified under oath it would have opened up, quote, a huge amount of litigation outside ftc. That helps us understand the 5 billion payment that is part of the settlement. You and other facebook executives were absolved of personal responsibility for all wrongdoing during the covered period. You have a unilateral control over facebook with 60 of the voting shares with other colleagues have mentioned facebook acts as a government with you at the helm. You are not accountable even to your shareholders or your board. Throughout the day we have heard how you evaded accountability even when the government has attempted to hold facebook accountable for its violations. Facebooks reach and power is now so significant that former un ambassador Samantha Power recently pointed out facebook is worth more than 137 countries in the united nations. How much wealth and power is too much for single private corporation and how much wealth and power is too much for you . I think you may misunderstand my motive. Im not doing this because i want to make more money. Im going to give 99 of facebook shares away during my life to philanthropic causes, the Zuckerberg Initiative with my wife. Making money is not my main motive here. Im trying to use the position that i have to do things that i think will make the world better and improve peoples lives. I would hope that is what you would want me to do. Thank you for your answer. Let me say this. From all that i have heard in the last month coming into this hearing and your testimony this morning, this afternoon. I think facebook has acquired too much power. It has become too big and we should seriously consider breaking it up. Thank you, i yield back. The gentlewoman from texas is recognized for five minutes. Thank you, Mister Zuckerberg, for sticking with us and we are coming close to the end. I love a lot of questions on my list that is asked so i will follow up on several of those and i want to start picking up on something my colleague from illinois asked. Do you agree libra is a coin . Yes or no . You could characterize it. We can agree on that. Following up with representative maloney who asked about anonymous laws do you think they should be allowed to exist on the Libra Network . I think there are competing equities here and allowing some amount of that to exist would facilitate the goal of Financial Inclusion but i also understand that increases risk so the risks are high. I think you were asked that question by my colleagues from the other side of the aisle in terms of compliance with antiMoney Laundering laws and it is a huge concern and mister vice chairman, i do travel with the chairman abroad and we did talk to germany who said they would bar you from their country. We talked to qatar, cyprus, they share the same concerns and i suggested they too may bar you from their country. France has decided to do that. You may be right, this may not work. I am concerned that i dont hear a Firm Commitment from you to work on some of these issues because this is a National Security risk. We cannot afford to have terrorists. We cannot afford to have Money Laundering made easier by the apps you have or the Libra Network that would make it easier for them to access. I ink your goal is laudable but it i agree with my colleague miss presley. Moving on do you think you will be able or the association will be able to work a ratio that is 1 1 that will ensure that it will always be stable . I think so. That will be the default. This is not the full faith and credit of the us we are talking about. We are talking about a mix in the basket of euros and you ands and dollars and those fluctuate. The impact is not only to this country but many other countries. Do you have any idea how they plan to take advantage of that . That will be up to the Libra Association to manage. Thats not under my control but it will be regulated. Marcus is under your control. Im not sure i would say that. He works for you and could you repeat that . He works for you and he in turn is part of the association on the board so that is a big voice you have on the board. Even though you are careful of calling it an independent Association Im suspect of that. Both things can be true. He is a member of facebooks executive team. He is also our delegates and a board member but only one of the Board Members of the independent association. Who is the chair and board of the association . I actually am not sure if the Libra Association board has a chair. Most boards are governed by an executive committee or chair, otherwise a bunch of people in the room having coffee and lets move on. You responded, we talked about the number of lawyers, the 60 that i mentioned, i those lobbyists in dc working for you . Im not sure what you are referring to. Miss porter, my colleague behind me asked you about the lawyers and referred to litigation you are involved with in terms of liability issues. How many lobbyists are working for you . I dont know the answer. You dont know how many lawyers are working for you in dc . Know, i do not know the breakdown of our exact office. Have you ever worked with them to try to get the Federal Reserve to have a digital dollar . My understanding is we talked to the Federal Reserve about a number of things. It seems to me if you want to help the bank to do these great things that you would work on an approach that what better partner could you have . The gentleman from minnesota is recognized for 5 minutes. Thank you, welcome, Mister Zuckerberg. Congratulations. I am one who celebrates innovation and innovators and wish we had more of both in our congress. Have you read the book future shock, 1970 book . I have seen it and i have a copy but i have not read it yet. Along one but i recommended. Too much change in too short appear go of time. And i think it is fair to say regulation has to play catch up to Tech Revolution and thats in no small part why we are here today. A number of questions for you. In 2017 congress released political ads on facebook by agents acting on behalf of the russian government. You have acknowledged some of those ads were paid for with russian rubles. Is that correct . That is correct. In 2016, we are behind what we need to do to prevent election interference. Since then we have built sophisticated tools that played a role in defending against foreign election interference. More than 200 elections around the world. I have confidence that our system is doing that. Im aware about spending money to influence a federal election. Could you repeat that . Facebook was where federal law precluded foreign nationals from spending money to influence United States elections. Im sure we were aware of that but we didnt at the time that the government id of everyone. Today one of the measures weve taken to strengthen protections against election interference is to require a government id and an advertiser to prove their location if they want to run political ads or issue ads across the system. Which i celebrate. We are about to go down something called the shield act was one of my bills is in it, the firewall act which will make sure money would not be allowed to buy online political ads in our country. Lets move to libra. Will facebook accept libra as payment for advertisements on its site . I imagine if the project proceeds to that stage we would do that but we havent developed a full set of policies where it will hook into different parts of the system. The priority is to help the Libra Association and make sure calibra is a subsidiary and can have system to comply with all regulations and secure regulatory approval. You understand what will be a collective concern, using libra to buy ads on facebook. And in so doing, potential challenges we face relative to our electoral law. I can assure you we are not going to allow any weakness in the system that requires verification of peoples government. On the subject of verification, as facebook, i would love to hear your thoughts whether facebook has considerable would consider verifying its users so in transactions as we consider what will be a revolutionary initiative on calibra and libra to assure accounts are verifiable. And if not why not . This is an area we are going to do a lot more in years to come. We started with political ads running large pages because of sensitive content but i do think what youre talking about will be a trend independent of our systems over the coming years for anything people are doing that sensitivity is likely to increasingly require verification by government id, or we have a clear sense of authentic identity. There are costs to doing that. It reduces friction but there are some equities to balance in terms of whether probably want facebook to verify that many peoples identities but in general to balance the safety and security question going in that direction for more cases likely is the right thing to do. Would it be a competitive advantage or disadvantage for facebook to ensure all its users are verified . I doubt we will ever get to the place where every Single Person is verified, but you could cut both ways strategically. If people have verified identities, that creates a culture of authenticity and helps with security across the platform. On the flipside, a lot of constraints and friction on people using service the way they would on a daytoday basis. I yield back. The gentleman from texas, mister gonzalez, recognized for five minutes. Thank you for being here. I may be the last person to ask you questions. I know earlier you mentioned facebook is working harder to protect our 2020 elections but we have a major event in our country, the 2020 census that is coming up. The 2020 census is important to our country and our district has been undercounted historically. We had a Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court agreed not to have the question to be asked in the 2020 census. My question is if that were to run on facebook stating if immigrants participate in the sense of their information will be turned over to ice which is a false statement would you allow such information to remain if offered by a politician ordinary citizen . I am not sure i caught the specific example but let me answer the principle level. The question is if an ad says immigrants who participate in the census, their information will be shared with ice which is a false statement, would you take the ad down or allow it to stay on the platform . Where we are right now, we have a Voter Suppression policy and we are working on finalizing that. This is a Voter Suppression. Im trying to answer your question. We are extending the current set of policies around Voter Suppression to a new policy. We recognize this is important and rises above normal hoaxes or misinformation where we would allow someone to post it but market it as marked false by independent fact checkers. We take it down, we will do the same for census suppression information. We are currently working on finalizing specifics around what policy will be and we will roll it out in the coming weeks. Before that, it is hard to answer any specific questions or hypotheticals with the content would or would not be included in that but i take it seriously and this is extremely important. We will be watching out for this. Are you saying this is what youre searching for. And and search and destroy this type of improper information. It is a combination of ai and technical system. And you want both. And looking at a lot of things and quick judgments. And use what people can uniquely do and make nuanced judgment. And mystic variation with what is important to the policy. It seems with the vast resources facebook has and the importance of our National Security to have a proper count of people in our country we would expect for you to be more proactive. Facebook has been a major success and its continued success will depend what happens in 2020, and it will be responsible with natural politics and the census and facebook has responsibility, hope you can follow through. I certainly care about this a lot. We exhausted our members present, i now recognize the Ranking Member for a closing statement. Thank you for your testimony. In just 6 hours, is not a brief hearing. We cover the full range of topics for the fullness. I hope we have learned anything as policymakers. We dont have a deeper understanding how it will work, how it might further Financial Inclusion. And value and money. Or how it may expand access to Financial Services for americans who need it most. We dont have clarity about that. As i said earlier, i have real concerns about facebook and many of the big Tech Companies which is why i said at the beginning of this hearing you are here to represent not just your company but Silicon Valley and the biggest Technology Companies. We had an opportunity for our members to express valid concerns about the pitfalls emerging from new technologies particularly on the privacy front. We heard from both sides of the aisle in terms of privacy and you acknowledge facebook continues to do to regain trust that users expect and as well as opportunity for members to express their anger, commonalities of the digital age. Some of that fear is directed at facebook, not all, and again, there are real concerns about big tech. Make no mistake. For those of us here as policymakers we should have a common understanding that innovation is coming. With us in washington dc or in the United States or there is a competitive environment we have around the globe with enormous competition. Look at a couple examples dealing with chinese repressing a freespeech that gives us great partners as americans and that regime using technology, to repress peoples freedoms as a disturbing sign of what Big Technology could do and could bring to bear on unwitting people. I hope we encourage responsible innovation. It is important we create regulatory certainty so we have innovation occur when it comes to Digital Currency and new ways of transmitting money but i think we need to ensure as policymakers on both sides of the aisle we embrace the next wave of innovation in a more full some way. In closing i would like to insert for the record, a letter dated from a few days ago from senator rounds, the distinguished senator from south dakota, to Anchorage Trust express and concerned that innovation has fallen behind the rest of the world. I think he outlines in a solid way that we need regulatory certainty to foster this innovation so with that, thank you for your testimony and i yield back the balance of my time. Thank you. Without objection we will include that in the record. Mister zuckerberg, i want to thank you for making the time to be here today and thank shareholders, i think your time is incredibly valuable. Dont know how many dollars you shareholders had to lose for you to spend 6 hours with us but i want to thank you and thank them for the effort to be here today. It is a heroic effort. As we heard with great power comes great responsibility, as the head of the largest indications Network Globally when you talk about interactions and likes, and photos the ways the platform touches people. It comes with tremendous responsibility. And and the perspective throughout the country to the terry of one. And common themes of concern and hesitation and questions, sounds similar across the country. That is responsibility you have given the power you wield, awesome enterprise if you run in this country and so on behalf of the American People it is important we factor in the concerns of this libra operation in switzerland outside the legal ability of the United States to exercise and regulate. It is important to firmly consider that our concerns are not just limited to the United States of america but our responsibility as the reserve currency of the world, to make sure for the currency impacts the thirdparty Currency Initiative might so present and with that it is important for us to reflect on those things not just as a body, but the Libra Association and yourself in particular and with that i would leave the lab that yield the remainder of my time. Thank you very much. I would like to thank you for coming today. When we talked about the possibility at this meeting i indicated it may be uncomfortable for you but also indicated we know how to handle it. I hope you have learned how many concerns and questions members of congress and the public have not just with the libra project, facebooks diversely failures include an abysmal record of hiring and promoting people of color and women, contract with diverse asset managers. It appears the Libra Associations Board Members followed facebooks example. Facebook failed to follow fair housing laws and discriminatory algorithms. Facebook has repeatedly failed to protect consumer data, served as a vehicle for disinformation campaigns and election interference by militia state actors. Facebook is looking to leverage its massive size and economic power to allow dominate the global Financial System. Regarding the libra project there are concerns ranging from the ability to unequivocally prevent misuse which means sex traffickers and child pornographers and other bad actors can finance their various activities. We also heard the project poses, and i hope you heard these concerns and heat our warnings and theres a lot more discussion to be done about the way you have framed your concerns about freedom of speech and that politicians are isolated in your concerns about freedom of speech and you are opening up the opportunity for not only attacks that not necessarily would be tolerated if you were doing some Fact Checking. Tolerated if you were doing something Fact Checking and suppression. Very concerned about suppressing the vote. Im pleased that you have information you shared with us about a civil rights awe did thats going to be done because they are going to tell you a lot about how they kind of Voter Suppression. It is not simply that we are concerned about Voter Suppression by others, other than campaigns. It is not that we are only concerned about government that are involved in Voter Suppression. We are concerned about democrats versus republicans, republicans versus democrats, independents versus republicans. Independents versus democrats, et cetera, et cetera et cetera. This is serious stuff and we have been the victims of it for far too many years. Exercise in most read of ways you can imagine, and so when you talk about open up the socalled freespeech opportunity, i want you to know that i can envision certain elected officials with billions of dollars who can buy as many as as they need to buy and that we take those ads to suppress voters in very creative ways. With that, i yield back the balance of my time. Thank you, madam chair. Without objection all members or five legislative days in which to submit written additional questions which will be forwarded to mr. Zuckerberg. I ask you to please respond is probably as you are able and without objection all members left five legislative days in which to include extraneous materials into the record. This hearing is adjourned. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] President Trump speaks at a criminal Justice Reform event today in columbia, south carolina. Live coverage at 2 p. M. Eastern on cspan. You can also watch online at cspan. Org online at cspan. Org or listen on the free cspan radio app. Politicon, the Unconventional Political Convention is live from Music City Center in nashville saturday at 2 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Booktv has live weekend coverage of the texas book festival from austin starting saturday at 11 eastern. This saturday on American History tv on lectures in history at 8 p. M. Eastern, the 1981 trial of jean harris, the woman accused of murdering scarsdale diet doctor. She was smart. She did well in high school. She went off to smith college. She graduated phi beta kappa. She did everything a healthy young woman of that era was supposed to do. She says theres a struggle over the gun. That does seem to be evidence that she is bruised. She testifies he hit certain ways had never hit her before. There is no evidence either way that he had hit her prior to this or if you are struggling to pull the gun away. And president Richard Nixons november 3, 1969 silent majority speech. I say tonight to you, the great silent majority of my fellow americans, i ask for your support. I pledged in my campaign for the presidency to end the war in a way we could in the piece when the piece. Ive been issued a action which will enable me to keep the pledge. Sunday at 6 p. M. Eastern former u. S. Foreign service officer. What sets says and your cule that permits you to detain a guest against his will . And that eight on the presidency, Ronald ReagansWhite House Political Affairs director and historian on reagans campaign for the white house. Reagan just cleans up in new hampshire. He wins two to one and such momentum that its a good thing we won by such a big march because we all were spent most of our money. Explore our nations passed on American History tv every weekend on cspan3. Next a litigious policy in syria including the recent drawdown of u. S. Troops in the region. The House Oversight and reform subcommittee hearing occurred the same to President Trump announced a permanent ceasefire in syria between turkey and kurdish forces. Witnesses include a representative from the Syrian Democratic council and a former special forces officer who fought alongside the kurds