Survivor. We want to thank all of you for your support of their loyalty with their book lovers we be where we are today. And also update our history in case you are curious it is a physical store. It is open repent two weeks. So where a mass can stop by and enjoy the area. Tonight we are excited to have with this Julian Zelizer who celebrating the release of his book burning down the house. Is it professor at Princeton University and is a political analyst. His most recent book a fault lies the history of the United States from 1974 coauthored by our moderator kevin. With Johnson Congress and the battle of the Great Society which is the winner of the prize the best book about congress. Hes been awarded fellowships with the New York Historical society, the guggenheim foundation, a new america. Tonight julian will be joined by kevin kruse. The political social urban clash. In 20th century america. Focus on conflicts of arrays, rights, and religion, his particularly interested in segregationist civil rights movement. [inaudible] the rise of religious nationalism in the making of the modern conservative. His books include life light, atlanta and the making of modern conservatism. One nation under god how Corporate America versus christian america. In the recently book. His men honored as one of americas top young and evaders by the arts and science by the historian magazine. I was one of the top historians and history by the streaming network. Has been recently named distinguished lecture by american historian on the guggenheim fellowship. That the tongue twister to say. [laughter] without further due, Julian Zelizer and kevin kruse. So hi there. Everybody. So well have a local chat here and pretend hundreds of people are not lurking in the background. Its good to see you. I just heard we Work Together on a book called fault line which permit history since 1974 with the president Newt Gingrich was a big part of that so im excited dive into his career in your terrific book about it. Think a lot of american the audience we just went worldwide. I probably knew Newt Gingrich as his time as speaker. I think a burst on the scene in 1994 but of course and political app engine activism in congress before that we talk about a younger Newt Gingrich. When he started in congress the first run for office what he was all about aware he was coming from. Sos practices the first i like to welcome everyone thank you for joining us. Its nice to see people from all over. Newt gingrich was quite a character pretty had been an army brat in group living in different parts of europe. His family was originally right outside harrisburg, pennsylvani pennsylvania. Workingclass area that was republican. He ended up in georgia and went to emory. He married his High School Math teacher. He then went to tulane where he got a phd in history. Unstudied colonialism and colonial policy. Many moved to his first job, just as we did to west georgia college. He never really liked academia. Within a year he wants to be the president of the college and head of the department. And he runs for congress. He is one of the first republicans in the area who studied in a democratic area. Hes part of the republicans that wants to make the south read instead of blue to user modern colors. Elected in 1978 its his third try to have a taste of what is going to do. At one point said in a statement if she wins shes going to move to d. C. , her husband and family will still live their lives in their business and gingrich jumps on it. She was to break up her family shes a radical puts everything above moral values. I was really a low blow. And it was in congress and we can talk about it. By the early 1980s hes basically saying saying republicans need to do whatever is necessary to finally regain power after being the minority power since 1954. Start doing outlandish and pretty vicious things as part of his partisanship. Then it catches peoples attention. s woman who does that of horses through this group that he is the ringleader of the upper justin a stick society. Tells about that. So he organizes pretty hes not really an organizer and he doesnt care about legislation pretty doesnt want to be on committees, i just want to get his message out. But he is strategic enough to organize basically a caucus of likeminded conservatives who were thought to be a visionary willing to do it heated. Like someone named ben weber was another fellow republican stop listening to all these carts were civility and bipartisanship. We have a small cohort numbers change over time it starts with 12 people and it will grow. And gingrich has this idea that hes going to introduce the part of that team. And in some ways their foot soldiers before the reagan revolution their most aggressive bunch and theyre trying to shake up their own party and say we have to do things in ways that are out of the washington box if we are going to win. Smith and he said as i too think standing in, democrats and the republicans . Thats right. Much of this period that i write about the House Minority leader, this guy named bob michael from illinois using get along republican and had been there for a while. Just like to shake the vote believes in working with democrats. It Still Believes in bipartisanship and gingrich hates him as much is tip oneill and then speaker jim right. So when he gets around that leadership went to that new message out. Thats a big part of the book. This is raw before the conservative media world we now exist for there is conservative talk radio and its expanding during my story, fox news does not exist yet. There is no internet website felt he uses the main stream media as its called today for newspapers, Cable Television as its tool. When the stories he tells in the book which i used to tell for everyone listening everybody taught this class and we would tell the story lets actually want to tell the story its probably a good book here. I was in 1984. His group was a conservative Opportunity Society avenue ones allowed to go to the front of the house the chamber and make a speech theyre called one minute speeches, special order speeches theyre not reserved for people with just power and anyone can do it. So he started going to the floor he made the speeches. Started to say democrats are weak on defense democrats dont support reagans war against communism and with booktv cameras rolling with this news station, cspan covering the proceedings the even nays specific democrats like eddie bolin of massachusetts and said how to respond to this . What is your answer . The chamber was silence if you are watching you saw on cspan look like the democrats had no response. What the people could see his no one was in the chamber because the rules only let you put the camera on the speaker. Tip oneill get so mad, speaker of the house burst in, orders the cameras to pan the chamber into show there is no one there. And it didnt and its at times against mrs. Tip oneill the rules is an autocratic part of the corrupt democratic establishment and oneill gets even angrier. Since the closing scene in his career like gingrich was doing to the democrats. I said the speaker spoke improperly and thats an embarrassment. In this story culminates with the media angle meeting all three networks covered it. Nbc, cbs, abc on the nightly news all had stories about gingrich, but these young mavericks were doing and that was what gingrich ultimately wanted and could not be more pleased. Many stories were uses the institution of the media was his own party leader and kind of smear with the democrats are about. So you mentioned tip oneill which is of course looms large as reagan sparring partner in the 80s. I guess someone of a mess to politicians who kind of got along after hours. Gingrich how distinguishing people around them has a relationship that reagan and oneill had . Didnt like what reagan was doing to the countrys much too far to the right in terms of economic and social policy. It was true that leaders in both parties, the bob michaels, tip oneill, did balance the with the needs of governance. They were always making this tradeoff. That help them understand when you going too far . They didnt want to go so far that were simply necessary to govern gingrich said throw that out the window he would write memos to other enough with bipartisanship enough with civility. All that means is going to keep losing and the democrats again keep having their power. You have to teach republicans to be more aggressive to be more confrontational. Stop negotiating with the republican. It starts, and thats how people talk about him but what happens in the 80s, gradually more and more republicans start listening to him. And the more success he has with these tactics the more intrigued they are by him because they want to have power. On they started to think about that tradeoff that can be costly in american politics do i want power so much i enter into alliances of people i know can meet dangers to the institution. With the rise of lee atwater the political strategist and 88 . Whats their relationship like customer expect a very important relationship. They directly come in context of the heart of the book but hope everyone buys and enjoys from the strand, the heart of the book revolves around gingrich after this cam scan incident and their other conflicts with the democrats in 1987 tip oneill has retired and there is a new speaker in town. Hes been the majority leaders been from taxes party was an oldschool democrat. And you know he was a liberal he believes he was defending against the reagan revolution but right was a good target for gingrich. He wanted to focus on the scene that democrats were corrupt establishment. That was the theme. Their stories about questionable relations among people in the district, sold this book that he published was speeches in bulk to groups he spoke to. There are big on stories that did not sit quite right. So uses all of these any website washington up into a frenzy. Saying jim right is the most corrupt speaker ever in american history. Its really a small story about misbehavior, questionable behavior. So thats the heart of the story. Then in 1988, this is another time the Party Establishment sees the value of gingrich, who is running for president , george h. W. Bush, reagans vice president. And in may, his appointments, mike dukakis the governor of massachusetts is attacking bush and saying part of the reagan administration, had scandal after scandal and bush was part of it he told with the squeeze factor. His campaign person with lee atwater. He was putting together a pretty Vicious Campaign that played on racial backlash was very much a character assassination kind of campaign. And in may when bush is struggling any commences bush to talk about jim right all the time. To take this story that is really been on the fringes and mainstream and into the campaign. So atwater cell politics just like gingrich. As a bloodsport, characte is about storytelling. Gingrich was a historian and what historian was about i thought politics should be run accordingly back up a little bi bit. I think for people who do not follow the story, the thought of the late 80s as a house leader who is a liberal texan democrats going to seemed like an anachronism. Talk a little bit more about jim right and how he came in to this. Hes older reported 19202, english boarding 1943 studies older. He would subscribe to with the new deal represented. Pretty much on board with the Great Society. He did have spotty moments on civil rights issues. Voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 but later apologetic about this. Thought it was one of the great mistakes of his career. But by 70s or 80s hes pretty liberal. But he accepts most of what fdr and Lyndon Johnson put together. Its hard to imagine a Texas Democrat like that. Thats who he was. He very much saw Ronald Reagan as a danger. This is a counterpoint to some of the mythology. He thought reagan was pretty right wing pretty and really taking steps that were dangers to the fabric of the country. An overseas he thought reagan supported the nicaraguan conflict for example is misguided. And there was opportunities to negotiate peace that he actually pursued on his own that reagan didnt care about her he was not someone wellliked, personally. Even democrats did not like him. He was cold. He was removed. That hurt him. He was oldschool, prewatergate politics. Any he didnt think about some of the things he did might work in the eyes of the media and in the eyes of washington. He was not corrupt. But he operated in that area of gray that many politicians did which could be used against them and actually won. s of course the ironing of Newt Gingrich of all people lobbying ethics charges against someone is Newt Gingrich own life was shot we say riddled with some of its own problems. Talk about that. How did gingrichs own characters serve here . So he had a lot of issues and they were public they were written about in the media. There are two streams of problems and by the timing is after jim right, are known problems are one his relationships. He had for example a pretty difficult divorce with his High School Math teacher there is a story about an mother joan the 1984 which was trying to capture what gingrich was like personally in one of the stories that really caught peoples i was while his wife was in the hospital for cancer surgery he came to discuss divorce with her. And in the article it left out the papers which was not exactly true. He also was known to be someone with a roving eye and who had an affair. This was known in washington and it mattered as part of the new conservative movement with a majority as a state he also had ethics problems. Half the time hes going after speaker right for the charge of unethically selling his books to make money. He himself was being charged with having a raise money from Interest Groups to promote a book that he wrote. During the papers at the climactic moments of the stories were springing jim right down. But he doesnt care. It is a remarkable part of his psychology. When these emergent bulldozed right through them and just says its different. And he wants to keep moving forward. With the democrats its much more damaging. Back to democratic character issues by think one of the greatest gifts gingrich ever got was finally not having a republican president in office and being able to run against basically a democratic president and bill clinton. So how did gingrich make hay out of the early ear years of the clouds and president . Thats a good connection to the two decades. In some ways jim wright comes first and bill clinton come Second Period and again, one of the most remarkable parts and to realize how consistent and strategic gingrich was and how he was going to attack the democrats. He really doesnt focus that much on liberal versus conservative all of the time. Left versus right post watergate american others love distrusting government. A lot of anger in the electorat electorate. He turns the watergate story against democrats. He makes them the establishment comes back to the theme because he think that will resonate hurt it be as populous message. And right the first takedown. Right is the embodiment of everything that hes been saying he draws a picture, creates a character in them brings them down. And i think after bill clinton is elected he very much or attempts to do the same with bill clinton. He made bill clinton, the embodiment not so much a corrupt democratic establishment kind of a morally corrupt establishment or a culturally too far left establishment. Whatever he wanted to focus on a think he then tried to did the same. I am sure his experience with rights emboldened him to say we can move forward with an impeachment it might very well work. The big move for gingrich of course is 1994. Talk about how that Campaign Take shape. Was it really a National Election . How big of a role does america play . How is gingrich going to change . So plate is an important election. One of the things that gingrich does is he nationalizes the midterm campaigns very effectively. And he uses the things he learns in the 80s about why the media is useful to his advantage. The most famous elements of that campaign for everyone he remembers that or studied it with the contract in america, which is really something of a media gimmick. It was a set of promises that republicans were making. And if they won then it would enact them, that was the first 100 days so to speak as a legislative body. Its published as a tear out sheet and raters enchant readers guide meant to be put on peoples refrigerators but he has a on the steps of the capital of the republicans talk about the contract with america. So stylistically you see him continuing to put together this conservative politics with the very media centered form of politics with the politics that placed great weight on the stories republicans were going to tell about their opponents. The language they were going to use. And it is successful. And when republicans take over and 94 its a big deal in washington. It is the First Time Since 1954 when eisenhower was in office at democrats controlled both chambers of republicans controlled both chambers of commerce. Its almost the second step of the reagan revolution. And so conservatives thats a big moment. And finally, back when gingrich could bring all the little tools, all the strategies come all the rhetorical weapons he had been working on since the 80s into the very top places of political power, speaker of the house. And religion language in 1994 campaign, and of course that when the really important things that we talk about. Talk a little bit about the mem memo. Was language a key mechanism of control. How does that influence not just 1994 but the Republican PartyGoing Forward . So is really fascinating memo to see you can google it if you and look at yourself. Gingrichs languish in the 80s has been pretty remarkable basically accuse them of unpatriotic behavior. He made me a criminal. Did not said then shady things he basically presented me as someone who should go to jail. He really believed in using blistering language. One thing is how to shape by using language like that, the media could not resist covering what he used to say. The media likes more Indiana Jones and philharmonic. He gave in the adventure and the thrill. This came out in 1990 gingrich controlled gopacs which he took over 1984. It was a defunct Political Action committee and he rebuilt it to audio cassettes to republican teach them what to do and memos. This metal 1990 was written and is said to be a republican candidate said if you want to speak like newt, these are the kind of words you need to use when youre talking about democrats. Sick, trader, slime radical, really words that even today you can kind of step back. But it is very important. Not as a bomb thor politically. But as to talk about your opponent and looking at certain twitter feed and the style still resonates. Also legitimizes george h. W. Bush as well. Given between gingrich manipulations with the media in the 90s when limbaugh is at his peak. Fox news is formed and 96. What is gingrichs relationship with the conservative media . So very close. When its flourishing and 87, 88, 89 and gingrich relies on what theyre saying about rice for the very tough on rice. And they amplify his message with his partners to effort to raise congressional salaries. So jim wright is in the middle of this and all over the country folks are lashing out and it helps gingrich in this cause. And gingrich in those years is very tied into conservative topper. In the 80s he guest hosted on a radio show called confrontation but it was the origin of crossfire on cnn. But then as the speaker he is very close to people like rush, literally the coordinate messages for the day. He depends on conservative talk radio. And then fox of the speakership especially in 1998 during his battle against bill clinton. But what is interesting is he comes first. I think we often think as a conservative media as the origins of this very smash mouth form of a rhetoric. But in fact i think roger and some of the founders were already looking at what republicans had done before they came on the scene and mimic some of them. They mimicked that memo and how they broadcast the news. Talk about what happens with clintons impeachment which gingrich sees as finally caught the whale and the way in which it backfires on ahab. Tell about gingrichs own downfall. Its a shakespearean story i guess at some level. And that here is the speaker, here he is reading together these tactics. And now he has a cohort of republicans thats much greater than that congressional opportunity, the conservative Opportunity Society. The majority is now behind him. And he thanks he has the president. He goes after him and we know what the impeachment is about. It stems from the affair the president had with monica lewinsky, then he perjured himself speaking about it. But in the end it will bring him down rather than bill clinton. And at one level, a lot of the politics in the battle is expose that gingrich had a really fierce temper it was not a particularly likable person. But ultimately in 1998 in the midterms, right in the middle of the impeachment, republicans arent happy with gingrich because of this. And just as important he is yet in another romance, another fare as republicans are going after bill clinton for the same sort of issue. So the republicans get rid of him. On the one hand its the downfall purred and the other hand its kind of fitting. He kind of showed that leaders are not good have their power very long leaders can be brought down. It was almost predictable that at some point he would have the same fate. So he stands in kind the range of speaker. We talk about oneill, we talk about right, gingrich, the ones who come after him. Were you rank Newt Gingrich in say the postworld war ii speakers . So i dont think, and speakers that particular position he is not one of the most influential speakers. I think certainly if you compare him with democrats like sam rayburn who was the speaker for the late new deal the early 1960s. He is much more consequential with legislation. Nancy pelosi also has been more consequential. And so much you can say john weiner transform the major caucus was important checking like what obama was doing. I dont think that was his high point. I think the. Before coming speaker in some ways is when gingrich legacy is set parties already transformed the party is popularizing legitimated the republican partisanship. Speakers kind the icing on the cake of what he had already don done. Most important part of the speakership as he institutionalizes all of these ideas and legitimate. His being speaker itself would put him at a high place in terms of a ranking. Because a signal nose and was another Republican Party town and gingrich was the voice. Thats when i say is more influential than the battle he fought with clinton. So homework question that will open it to the q a. If you have a question please type it in and i will ask julia for you. This may print some of the earlier questions i know its on the ruins mine. His wife is the ambassador investor to the vatican hes been a surrogate for trump on fox news and conservative radio. How much of a connection you see between that . Im just really the result of what he did . So and think the latter. I think it a broad level trump is found room in this Republican Party because it is the gingrich party. I thought of the way trump approaches the politics, a lot of the verbal record that weve seen from this president , willingness to totally break institution, break procedures, things that were normal and pretty aggressively abnormal ways for the comes from a logic of a party gingrich helped build spray theres a lot of connection between them. In this whole focus you consul here about the president on an establishment thats out against conservativism and him him is something gingrich really centered his rhetoric on. But then his personal connection such as his wife. Gingrich is one of the final possible selections for vice president. We start the book with that story where hes being considered, hes an indiana meeting with all of the top trump people. Family members and advisors. And in the end gingrich goes on Fox Television while he is still being considered and tells Shawn Hannity and an interview he says i dont know if im going to get picked because im a pirate, President Trump is a pirate into parts on a ticket its too much. He almost says too much. Thats not his own interest to say. So theres that connection. Kellyanne conway, this i didnt know, was one of gingrichs top advisers when he ran for president in 2012. She tried to sell gingrich in the same themed messages as trump. But gingrich was harder to train and stay disciplined and trump turned out to be. So thats amazing. Right. Nancy said hes been the president. Speaking of the present try to articulate why this president is important is written five books now about trump. About understanding trump, wife trumps americas great for the nation. Now a book about why his reelection is so important to our future. He was just praising the monument speech on fox. As really a milestone speech in the countrys history. So the are very, very close and im not surprised and i hope to explain why this connection is so tight. So go to the question we have a bunch of rolling into the chat and q a so read them off. The first one, has a question. Is it safe to say roger ailes got much from the issues we recognize today or does that give gingrich to much credit . So that is a very fair argument. Roger is republican consultant in the 1980s before he does fox. So hes watching very closely is very cognizant of the kind of politics working for gingrich bread hes there through everything i write about. I think this is very much on his mind. Theyre interested in both using information that would help the gop but also producing conservative information that would attract viewers. That is important in the kind of language was functional. I dont think thats a stretch at all. Again its interesting sequence. Because the politicians come first. Now they were together in a current. Lex question comes from two different people asking basically the same question. Patty barnes and steve, can you address gingrich policies politics . What is the relationship like . Are they on the same page are different . So the person relationship i dont know much about. But how macconnell practices both when he was minority and majority leader is very gingrich like. The partisanship is takes precedence over everything. This was a big step radio today it sounds obvious, but the idea of putting aside the concerns of governance and the concerns of whether they will work as a big deal to do. And i think macconnell you want to understand anything about macconnell things about power all the time. People are always surprised what he does whether its not allowing a Supreme Court nominee to even meet with senators are using Government Shutdown with the budget process simply a tool hes quiet he doesnt like to be the person blasting the words on the floor. Im terms of the procedure of the stuff gingrich is calling for. So on the flipside John Katzenberg asked where there democratic members with a good strategy come back gingrich . If so what was it . So thats an important question. My book is as much about democrats is gingrich. One of the interesting elements of the book is a lot of democrats in the 80s didnt see where this was all going. They didnt understand what he is up to, how far he would go. There were having rhetorical bombs towards him about being the worst corrupt portion as ever. And what he did not violate any laws pretty didnt understand the reporters working to carry much about that. They said gingrich was the most corrupt ever. On finally in a kind of climactic moment the right story he did not have to resign. What happened as Many Democrats were scared and they basically start to pressure him privately to step down. That was a strategy that thought they would work. And it didnt work. The point is a socket to stop when its done. There were a few democrats and urge their party to be tougher. Theres one anthony one Bill Alexander and they wrote off at the high point of the scandals that we have to hit back. We have to tell the public what gingrich is about. We dont have to have speaker right resign. He should resign. We have to really fight fire with fire. The parties are different, i dont think they were willing to do that. I think that is part of the challenge. So that leads into another question by chris martin. Is it likely the Democratic Party will have a speaker like gingrich or majority leader like macconnell in the new future . So at some level no. Think the parties are different. People often ask me why do you have republicans why is the party where the summit fiercer and what theyre willing to do . Think this an answer to what the parties go about. Democrats believe in government. Government is essential to their platform, the policies, to the whole world view. It undermines the ability of government to work. It undermines the ability of politicians to craft policies. That does not work well for democrats. Theyre always on beach checked by that fear what so important to them. Republicans have at least presented themselves with an antigovernment party. They are much more comfortable with the federal its not growing and dysfunctional could not fit if it was antigovernment either. Dysfunctional government makes sense in saying it always is. Three think republicans and future republicans are much more willing to go there then to take those risks. Because they are not dependent on washington working bird we see that now in the middle of this pandemic. I do think it can still be a tougher partisan during being a tough partisan dissolving being a destructive partisan. Goes from 2018 they have now come of age washing this parting so theyll be more inclined to be tougher the hit back will never go to the same place and the parties are just imbalanced that way. That leads to another question from an anonymous attending but its a good question. Gingrich the personal politician break we speak about some of the structural factors that aided in his rise . So there are lots of structural factors paid for example started to gain steam on capitol hill because love the corporate world is set up shop in washington during the 1970s where the starting to redirect Campaign Funds to the gop. Which is much more sympathetic to what they were looking for. To deregulation, supplyside tax cuts, that money is very important to the Republican Party. The democrats are not foreseen. Not tough responding to watergate for the Democrat Party is structurally filled with problems. They too are taking a lot of money for they do have relationship with lobbyists. And thats what gingrich exploits. You can almost pick any number is person must be holy corrupt. And since then, since his rise to power and the years of power there are key structural such as the perfection of gerrymandering combined with the Huge National investment by the gop and state politics to make sure that states in 2010 were able to craft districts that would solidify very red republicans for the foreseeable future. So structural issues matter. I did want to tell the story the focus on people and turning points. It was important to me. I spent a lot of my time we talked about the big factors buying partisanship. How the media changes. We did this in the book. How parties realign. This is all crucial but its also about individual leaders to push politics in a certain direction. Its about moments when jim wright falls from power that legitimates this new style of politics. Which might not of been legitimate had the story turned out differently. Thats why want to tell us in a more human way. And really hone in on the individuals who matter at this moment. So speaking of partisanship. We have a question here. Could too much partisanship break both parties . So of course. Partisanship understanding is the dangerous thing. Some partisanship is good. Its clearly good to have coherent ideas by think people want parties who stand for something rather than a model of a watereddown ideas. But partisanship is always the priority and of both parties go fully in that direction, they relate double down. The democrats finally say so be it we are going all out. You will destroy the ability of the institution to work. Any semblance we have now of policymaking in the middle of the pandemic that will be gone. All you will have is totally politicized responses to every crisis we face world with its big crises or small crises like passing a budget is for the government to pay what they said they were going to pay for. And that is destructive. I dont believe there is no cost to all out partisanship. Was sitting continues for this are great question from vanessa. Who do you think the republicans are grooming to be the next gingrich and or macconnell . So sounds like Tucker Carlson is going to run for president so maybe thats our anderson. Im not sure they are grooming people from within. There are people like ted cruz who still remain even though they have been somewhat isolate isolated. As kind of a cleaned up version of what donald trump is trying to do but with a little more. [inaudible] so i think those are still some of the figures i look to. But i dont know, if this continues theyre also looking outside traditional politics for the people who are the future. And i say Tucker Carlson kind of as a joke. But you know our president really came out of Reality Television and it would not be surprised if some of these outlets are also trying to find invoices for the party. Then there are younger members like jim scott who i am sure some republicans are looking for newer voices who dont simply replicate kind of everything that has been done. But theres also, tom cotton, who like ted cruz, they are like trump dude and the more polished away. I think right know those of the voices being groomed. Although i am sure the parties going to look broadly. We have time for one more im going to put my own question on the end of this. I know the answer to this play one springboard. And question from an attendees did you interview Newt Gingrich or self . My question is are you bracing for Newt Gingrichs response to the book . The first question i didnt. I tried many times. Each time i had a meeting. It was through secretary that postpone or cancel part after several years i finally gave up. I did have lunch with him many years ago but i dont know. More important i his lawyer granted me access to his congressional archives which the historians are still the heart and soul of what we do. In his papers were unbelievable. They are the best congressional papers have ever used for they have strategy memos. Never hand written notes from him. They have communication from the party with information as searching for and it was all there in front of me. I did not get to speak to him about the book. But actually got firsthand all the documentation from the period. I met with jim wright and his archives are very good as well. In terms of bracing myself . I dont know. I write about people who are live and i understand they all have different interpretations. I can suspect that his view is. I think its somewhat disagree with what i wrote but he will think you did the right thing. Im sure, he said this at the time he believes jim wright was corrupt. He will hold to that argument. Im not bracing myself im certainly curious how he will respond. Right now is focused on 220 and his book. So i have no doubt you will hear from him in time. I want to thank everyone for coming out again prayed the book is terrific, burning down the house. Its not actually a collection of julian with talking head stories. Its about Newt Gingrich. Its a good book. There is a link to buy it from the strand. To buy from this event it is in the chat room there. You can get it ill turn back over to andrea but thank you all for coming out and thank you julian. Thank you. Thank you that is so wonderful and so much information in an hour, i love it. Julian do you have any final i know youre just beginning to sherbrooke it was just published other thank yous or hellos you want to send out before we sign off . So thank you to strand, thanks to kevin, thanks to you and everybody put it together. Obviously think every book, if you write a book have a team behind it. I have a great team of editors and publicists. Obvious and thank you to my family, which is been instrumental to allowing me and helping me. So perfectly thank you both again so much for this evening i has been really wonderful. Thank you bruin for watching. As a very participatory very fun. I thank you for that. Like to wish you all a great evening. You to take care of betty. Book tv on cspan2 has top nonfiction books and authors every weekend. Coming up sunday at noon eastern on indepth our live to our conversation with u. S. Combat veteran and road scholar wes moore. Authored several books including the other wes moore, the work, and his latest five days the fiery reckoning of an american city. He will be taking your phone calls, he spoke comments and. And at 9 00 p. M. Eastern on after words, Founder Michael shellenberger what he calls upon elliptic environmentalism hes in tribute by Earth Institute andrew, watch book tv on cspan2. Sunday. environmental progress Founder Michael shellenberger offers his thoughts on what he calls in apocalyptic environmentalism and provide solutions to address future environmental problems. Interviewed by andrew redken, Perth Institute initiative on communication and sustainability its great to see you again, been a while. Good to see you tooandy. How are you faring in this pandemic time . A little cabin fever imust admit. Not that im there but im eager to get back to traveling again. I was sick of it before the pandemic and now i ameager to get out ofcalifornia