Again i would like to express my , special gratitude to the governor and mayor of the great state of california, the center of diversity and innovation. In fact, San Francisco is not just about the place of the United Nations. For me personally, it was the place where my passion, my passion as a young boy to be a Global Citizen was born. My passion was born in 1962. My passion was born here in San Francisco in 1962. More than half of the century ago, 1962, i came to the United States as part of a Student Group sponsored by the American Red Cross society. I was just 18 years old at the time. Our trip began right here in an San Francisco in the bay area. It was my first ever foreign trip. You may understand. It was my eyeopening to the world. I was hosted by a very kind family, the pattersons. A wonderful family and nevada. The pattersons are here with us. [applause] mrs. Patterson is here with us. She is now 97 years old. What an admirable lady. Thank you very much. She is my american mom. Thank you. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, the drafting of the charter was a glorious gamble. So much faith was lost in the trenches and the gas chambers of two world wars in the space of just one generation, but they dared to believe in something bigger than person or country. For two months, they turned san San Franciscos war memorial into a piece peace palace. More than 2000 men women took part. One of them was a High School Senior at the time. She was a spanish translator and had everyone speak the universal language of peace. I am pleased she was the first u. N. Staff that is still here with us. Ms. Newman, thank you very much for joining us here today. [applause] the delegations, they worked against a backdrop of monumental abuse. The victory in europe, but victory in San Francisco was never assured. Today, we take the idea of the United Nations for granted, but bringing it to life required huge statecraft to bridge differences among delegations. Intense negotiations, the delegates realized their dream. They knew that you do not just rebuild broken societies with bricks and mortar, but with ideas and values. With the adoption of the United Nations charter, a world in rubble, found a path to renewal. Ladies and gentlemen, i was born just months before the United Nations was born, but it did not take long for it to change my world for good. With the korean war i lost my , home, my village, my school. Everything was destroyed or burned, but help came, bringing the United Nations flag. That was a begin beacon for all the korean people. Help came from unicef, sacks of grain and textbooks from unesco, and many young soldiers from 16 Member States and five more who sent their young soldiers and five more countries who sent their medical teams. The representatives of those countries are participating in this, and i thank you for your sacrifice and support at the time. [applause] i would not have been able to stand as the secretarygeneral of the United Nations now without the help of the United Nations. That was the first peacekeeping mission of the United Nations since the birth of the United Nations. The United Nations showed we were not alone. And today, when i travel to refugee camps and conflict areas around the world, i tell young people refugees, and displaced persons, dont despair. You are not alone. The United Nations stands with you. I made it and you can, too. The United Nations will support you. This is what i am sending, the messages to many helpless and unfortunate young people around the world. I believe that is my mission and our mission of the United Nations. Every day the United Nations feeds the hungry, shelters refugees. 60 million refugees now. More than 60 of children. We vaccinate against deadly disease. Every day we defend human rights for all, regardless of race, gender, religion nationality, and sexual orientation. [applause] in that regard, the decision of in net regard, i welcomed the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States paves the way for gay and lesbian americans to have their relationship legally recognized, no matter what state they are living in, and that is a great step forward for human rights in the United States and i join the Lgbt Community and millions of allies in celebrating this historic decision. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, the United Nations led the charge in dismantling colonialism and bringing freedom to millions of people. Our peacekeepers are on the front lines of war. Our mediators bring values to the table of peace. Yet, tragedy has been with us every step of the way. Genocide, war, a thousand daily indignities and abuse affect far too many people, especially women. Conflict has forced many to flee their homes more than any time since the end of the second world war. Forces of division are on the march peddling the false promise of isolation in an ever more interdependent world. The planet is at risk. Ladies and gentlemen, 70 years ago, ms. Ellen newman was a young student. Today we are honored to be joined by malala. Malala, you are a torchbearer for the United Nations and for a young generation. Thank you for reminding us of that. Anniversaries are about the future. We have a big work ahead. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, i would tell you why we have big work ahead. In september, World Leaders including president obama will come to the United Nations special session and they will adopt an inspiring agenda to end global poverty. In december, the International Community has committed to reach a bold Climate Change agreement to place the world on more sustainable footing. These are once in a generation opportunities. This is our San Francisco moment. Let us work to make these things it first was to have the charters course to unenite our strength for the common good. The United Nations is the hope and home of all human kind. The charter is our compass. Let us never relent on the journey for better world for we the people. I thank you for your strong commitment. Lets Work Together to make this better for all the people. Thank you very much. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, the secretary general will now present United Nations charters to the delegation from the future. Three young adults from the bay area. Renee, the u. N. Charter essential 70 years ago. Today and 07 years from now. Please welcome them. [applause] thank you for embracing us on this wonderful occasion in San Francisco and all around the world on the 70th anniversary of the United Nations. We are all im sure hoping for peace and praying for peace around the world. So we welcome you here today and we look forward to you being here on this 75th anniversary of the United Nations charter signed in our beautiful San Francisco. So we welcome you here today and we look forward to you being here on this 75th anniversary of the united thank you very much for being here. When you take a look it used to be folks were focused on the television. Technology has changed so that now if you walk into a room not just the 20yearolds but 60yearolds theyre looking at their phone. So for folks who want to reach the next generation or into the future, understand what the future of political advertising is going to look like, candy crush or whatever the latest game is, it may be fading in popularity but theres always something new popping up. Finding ways to get your message in front of people where theyre paying attention i think is really important. 20yearolds each week American Historys tv reel america brings archival films. The American Farmer has fed us for 200 years. War or peace depression or prosperity. Its been a hard plotting job plodding job but the farmer has kept us alive. Not only that, but made us the bestfed nation in the world. 130 Million People ask a lot of the farmers and most of us took it for granted he would go on producing the food we needed and he did. But in the ten years ask a lot of the farmers and most of us took it for granted he would go on producing the food we needed and he did. But in the ten years before the war he had been having a hard time making both ends meet. And sometimes he wondered if he could make a go of it. Yes, he wondered while he was working. Thats thunder youre hearing but its a long way off. A man named hitler. He says all he wants is a polish corridor and dancing. Will they give it to him or will the Lightning Strike . Keep an eye on that sky, farmer. Listen hard. Because if it does, get going, farmer. Youve got a job to do. Theres a war on now. And while its not your war, not yet, you never can tell. Wartime production, 1940, tomatos. 900 million bushels. Eggs 37 billion. Hitlers in poland now. Hogs. Theyve just bombed rotterdam. Milk 107 billion pounds. Ill bet you wonder where he is now. That thunder you heard is falling on london in plimuts and c06r7b9ry. Listen. Im hungry. Shes talking to you. Never heard her before . Shes english and she needs you. I know what youre thinking. The last war. Farmers saved democracy. Farmers save the world. So you dug. And when it was all over and europe started eating its own food again you sat around looking at your own machinery and mortgages. But you havent time to think. Norway yugoslavia, greece. Thats the russian soldier. Feed him. Hes fighting for you. Apparel harbor hawaii. Why, thats us. Hey, thats the russian soldier. Farmer, get going. Im hungry. Thats an american marine, farmer. And there are 10 million more who have to eat. This is our war now. Were all depending on you. I know youre tired. Your hired mans quit you. Youre all alone. You cant get your work done. Dont think about it. Havent time. Dont let it bother you. Corn milk, livestock. Never mind. Dont stop. Dont stop working. Maybe you would like to see what happens every time you stop. Ok, farmer. When i count three, you stop. One, two, three. Im hungry. Hungry. Its stopped because youve stopped. Only 6 of American Food goes abroad but they have to have it. Youve stopped and hungry. 10 million american hungry. No tanks, ships, planes. Youve stopped and 130 million american civilians are hungry. Get going, farmer. Its up to you. Save democracy. Farmer save democracy. Farmer save the world. Farmer save the world. More. Fighting men are more. More. More grain for bread, grain for life. This is me again. The marine. When do i eat . How about me, farmer . Yes, get going. Ive got to eat, too. More food. Tired. Tired. This is as fast as i can go. Im shorthanded. Lacking feed and fertilizer. Using machinery and every available acre is under cultivation. Seems to me if i was one of them big fellows in washington i would just set me down and do a bit of thinking. Time to try to figure out some system to spread the food all over thin so it will cover more. See what i mean . Because im warning you, thats all youre going to get. Thats all i can give you. No more. Do you hear me . No more. From now on its up to you. They heard him in washington and worked out a system to make the food go around. A plan to see to it that everyone gets an equal share of what there is. That plan is called rations. And so mrs. Brown and most people want to make rations work. But there are still a few who get what they want any way they can. Who will pay any price in the blact market. Wait a minute. Whats going on here . Give me a nice small sirloin. About that big. That thick . You heard me. That thick. Well, madam, were here to serve you but that would run about three pounds. You havent enough ration stamps for that. But i could let you have a nice steak for about half that size. What do you think i am, a pigeon. Wait a minute, madam. Maybe i can fix you up after all. But it would cost you 80 cents a pound. 80 cents. Thats ridiculous. Thats just what i keep saying. Wonder the government wouldnt do something about this. Do we take it or leave it . Ill take it. I guess you have to pay to get what you want these days. I have to go downstairs to get it. You know who i am. Im your conscience. No use running. You cant get away from me. Thats right margaret. Come on. What do you want . Tell me, my dear. What are you doing in this black market . I only want add little peace of red meat. You know how peaked i get when i dont have any for a while. You peaked . Hah hah hah. Dont make me laugh. And what if you peaked . Hah hah hah. Dont make me laugh. And what if you do get a bit faint . Thats it. Thats it. I feel it coming on every afternoon about 4 00. You feel it coming on. How about the 10 million american soldiers and sailors and marines . Would you rather have them feeling faint . Well, im now, you know all the answers, the real answers. Dont you . Then tell them to me. Come clean. Purnl yourself before its too late. I knew it was the black market. I know why we have shortages and where the food is going. And whats more, i know how the black market operates. Youre doing well margaret. Buy buying in the black market and showing the butchers i will pay anything to get what i want, i encourage meat booking. Very good. And showing the butchers i will pay anything to get what i want, i encourage meat booking. Very good. You want to know Something Else . Certainly. I never feel faint of heart at 4 00 in the afternoon. Im strong as a horse. Only i like steak. Host youre a good girl, margaret gibbs. A good girl. Horse. Only i like steak. Host youre a good girl, margaret gibbs. A good girl. Even rationing isnt any good unless we make it work. Its still up to us. And there are an awful lot of people in the world depending on us. Now theyre in gaud al can al and iceland and tunisia. To fight they need twice as much to fight. So do they get it or dont they . Its a simple proposition. If we do, they dont. Remember what the farmer said . Its up to you. This year cspan is touring cities across the country exploring American History next, a look at our recent visit to omaha, nebraska. Were standing in the main waiting room in Union Station in omaha nebraska, built in 1931, the second Union Station built by Union Pacific. The architect, Gilbert Stanley underwood wanted to make a statement about what the railwood was. It was strength, masculinity, and permanence. Thats what he wanted the building to embody. Omaha really started out as a frontier town. Actually citizens from Council Bluff wanted to found the city on this side of the river. It was established. And everybody knew there was going to be a transcontinental railwood. They didnt know where. They wanted it to come through there so they said they had a better chance if we had a city on the opposite side of the rir ready to go. Thats where they will build the railwood. It worked. They didnt think that omaha would get bigger. It was the founding city. But cities on the west side of the river tend to develop greater because its easier to move west. Union pacific is the one of the premier railwood companies of america. It was founded in 162 with the Pacific Railway act signed into law by abraham lincoln. So it combines several railwood companies to make Union Pacific and then they were charged with building the transcontinental railwood to connect the east and west coast. So they started here moving west and Central Pacific started on the west coast and was moving east. They met up in utah. Thats really what propels us even farther. We become that point of moving west. One of the gateways to the west. So thats what the railwood did. This facility came about as the second Union Station to have helped the rail travel, all the passengers coming through omaha, that the first Union Station had reached capacity. So they needed a new modern station. This was heralded as a step forward. It was a brand new art deco building different style. The first was neo classical. The art deck ol style was in forward. It was vogue in 1931 so they desized to reas the old one to the ground and show the nation that omaha had arrived. At the height of rail travel during world war ii, 1946. That was about 10,000 people a day, 64 trains coming and going. There has been a hub of activity. And what you would have seen, people coming and going, and then dead silence. People departed. You were waiting for the next influx. People running and then dead calm and then again. So that would have been the norm. We preserved the main hall as 1931. The benches are what you would have sat on in 1931 to catch a train. The ticket windows outside of our gift shop were the original ticket windows. The layout is the same. The artwork. The windows. All of that is original to the building. Even the trazzo floor. So its been kept in its original state and we have restored it so people can see the grandeur of the station as it was built. So when a passenger would come to Union Station to take a train they would stop at the ticket counter purchase their tickets or tickets for wherever they were going. They would drop their bags off. Or they would have a red cap help them at the curb just like we have curb side checks for our airports today. The red caps were ushers helping people to and from the trains taking bags for people making sure they got where they needed to go as quickly as possible so they were on time. Then after you purchase your ticket you had time usually to enjoy the amenties of the station. Union pacific made sure that people had lots to do around here. They had a restaurant, which is helping people to and in what is our swansen gallery today. There was a sitdown restaurant. And then they had a an ala cart lunch counter for people who need add quicker meal. For those that wanted a quick sweet treat they could visit the soda fountains that we still operate today. And they could get their sweet treat there before they got on their train. Beyond that there was a barber shop, a hospital if travelers werent feeling well. If you were in the service there was a uso can teen that took up the entire fourth floor which is our administrative offerses today. That was all set aside for senior viss men and women if you were in the service there was a uso can teen that took up the entire fourth floor which is our administrative offerses today. That was all set aside for senior viss men and women coming to the station. So you had magazine stands and if you swansen gallery today. Needed to catch a cab as a traveler they took care of you and made sure you could get everything you needed here. Right now were on the lower level of Union Station. This is the original track level. And where were standing on this brick area would have been what passengers would have walked to get on to their train here on the original track. So you would have had baggage carts in here, porters, and passengers running to and from so it would have been really cramped quarters. But this is where it all happened to get on to track one. So thats what weve enclosed here. This would have been open. It was enclosed in the 1990s. That created an exhibit space for us. But at the first when Union Station was operating this overhang would have been your only protection from the cold or the heat or the rain. And that would have let you get on to the train. Or travel down the concourse to get to the other tracks. There were 13 tracks operating out of Union Station. Here on track one we have three passenger cars. And those allowed people to walk through get an idea of what it was like to travel on the railwood, see what sleeping conditions would have been like. Recreation conditions would have been like. And an idea we dont get to experience here in the u. S. Very much. We are inside the southern pacific lounge car. This is in the 1950s. Mid 1950s. This is the type of car that you would have come to to get a cocktail, read the newspaper, just have a little bit of recreation while youre traveling on the trains. This is an original car, original up pole stri, benches and chairs and things like that to give visitors an idea of what life would have been like while you were traveling across country on a train. And then the visitors, the older visitors sometimes have memories of riding on trains themselves and can reminisce about that. Its really one of those touch points where its an opportunity for conversations between generations. This car is a pull mank sleeper car. There would have been open seating, as far as sleeper areas on this car. These lower berths would be double as seating and beds. They fold down this becomes the lower bunk and this area a porter would come, open it, pull it down and that becomes your upper berth. It would have had a curtain across. Some of them did have restraints where like a net so you wouldnt feel like you would fall out. This was a lower price point than some of the others that are more of the individual rooms. And the rest of the car. This was also public bath rooms so you would have men on one side women on the ortsdz. A little bit of a cramped upper berth. It would quarter. It was the way to travel back in the day. This is still within the pullman car buzz thee are the individual cabance you would have been able to purchase instead of sitting out in the public area. These would have been a little more expensive. An individual area with your own sink, berths that would still fold out with the net to keep you in, and the lower bed would come out of the seating as well. Here also you could individually call the porter through the little button here on the wall. Say you wanted to have your shoes shined you could put them in the shoe locker call the porter and he would use this door here, pop it open pull your shoes out, take them, get them polished, and bring them right back and put them in. He would never have to disturb you. It was very luxurious in that way that you could have things done without being disturbed. In 1971 congress signed into law amtrak to take that way that you could have things done without being disturbed. In 1971 congress signed into law over all of the Passenger Service from the other rail woods. They had been losing money. For passenger travel due to the rise of the automobile and the rise of the plane as ways to travel faster and farther, more independently than the train travel. So that had started to decline after world war ii when the automobile started taking over, people could do their own thing and drive route 66, that kind of lifestyle. With that, in 1971 with the amtrak legislation, all passengers travel outside of amtrak stopped. And thats when the station closed on may 2, 1971, the last train came out of Union Station at 2 a. M. That was the end of the era of passenger travel. The station was closed. For the last 40 years it had never closed its doors. It was 24 hour operation. And they didnt even have a lock. They would to call a locksmith to locks the doors. They didnt know where the keys were. It had never needed to close its doors. That was the end of that era. Thats when omahaens banded together to make sure that the building was not lost. That this legacy for the city was not destroyed as one of the premier art deco buildings in town. Thats where the museum comes into place to make sure this is preserved. Union pacific is still nationally huge freight dravel rail rood and they still do a lot of freight back 57bd forth. Theyre one of our Largest Companies here in omaha. So they have not dwindled. Their Passenger Service may have ended but their service to the community is still going strong. When you walk into the building it is definitely ahinspiring. I have worked here setch years and i still love to look up and see this building. Its hard to imagine going to work every day in this. Its wonderful. I think for visitors, when they come we hope that they leave with an appreciation of not only what Union Pacific did for this community but also the history and the people that have build omaha oifer the years. Find out where cspan city tour is going next on line at cspan. Org cities tour. Youre watching American History tv all weekend every weekend on cspan3. Each week American History tvs reel america brings you archival films that help tell the story of the 20th century. Youre watching American History tv all weekend every weekend on cspan3. To join the conversation, like us on facebook. Each week, American History tvs american artifacts take you to museums and historic places. We traveled to philadelphia to learn about the museum of the american revolution. Located two blocks from independence hall, the museum is scheduled to open in early 2017. The idea for the museum goes back a century when descendents of George Washington put up for sale the tent that houston in every campaign of the revolution. It was acquired by a minister. That launched a century of collecting. And launch the idea of a museum to tell the entire story of the revolution. The collections of the museum are in comparable. They have no peer. We have objects related to washington which truly are unique, oneofakind. They bring to life his leadership, his incredible role in keeping the Continental Army together and never wavering from his goal of success. At the same time, we have objects that represent the common footsoldier, the calvary man. We have objects that reflect the role of not just american soldiers but british and french and native american. Our collection will enable us to present the entire story of the revolution to all who come to philadelphia. Scott stevenson is the director of collections from the museum