Transcripts For CSPAN2 Forum 20240703

Then we would understand the burden we p put on the backs of small businesses. A couple things you would see in my bill not our plan is immediate expensing that accelerates the path of more Resources Available immediately for small businesses. The secondo say thing you would do is cut taxes. We did that in 2017. 2017. In 2017 that was one01 of the three wee believe this at the point and you can watch it in full cspan. Org. We take you live now to a forum looking at the use Korea Alliance. It is being hosted by the center for strategic and International Studies you will hear from secretary of state Antony Blinken and maryland senator chris van hollen. You are watching live coverage on cspan2. The cree Foundation Fred kempe is here dash that weve had this conference and its always been for me to highlight and is always been very important probably never as important as it is this year when you think that everything that is going on. Weve got, well, we dont really know whats going on in china. But its got us all a little worried and you are a neighbor but we are partners so were in this with you. So were little worried about that. Looks like there are massive changes in Global Supply chains. I talked to my American Business friends and they say, you know, asia is plum full of Green Business guys making deals. Theres Something Big going on in the shifting supply chains, and, of course, we continue to have rather goofy bellicose north korea that just cant find anything else to say except we are going to kill you, okay. Weve heard that since the ipo that for 40 years. First of listing and scratch a little headphones listening to that. Weve got an awful lot that we have to talk to, talk about today, it is going to be a very full day. Victor cha is going to introduce tony blinken but i want to say thank you to him for coming. Im delighted that tony is joining us today. And i mentioned to ambassador kim, he said no to me on every other thing ive asked of him for the last two years and kelly came to today, korea. Korea was what made the difference. And its because i think youve seen this administration as really leaning forward in a powerful way to build a deeper time and, frankly, the government is finally stepping away from the little parochialism of only looking at the Korean Peninsula and discussing itself as a global power, which is good. Its really good. So lots to talk about today, lots that were going to explore together. My role, however, todays really just introduce my partner, friend, colleague and sponsor of this conference, ambassador kim gheewhan picky to an expanded job. We know here in washington. Hes been posted to before when he was in the embassy and he was in new york for a number times but were really glad glad to have them at the Korea Foundation now and hes really doing a splendid job and i want to say thank you for giving us the opportunity to do this conference with your warm applause would you please welcome to the stage ambassador gheewhan kim. Thank you. [applause] thank you, president john hamre, for your kind remarks on korea and my foundation, the Korea Foundation. Actually, csis is the first think tank Korea Foundation consider as partner for forums come so actually i came here second time. The first one, first time was in february, organized for form together, which was very, very successful. I think the second time with different topics now, we will make really, really particularly i really appreciate the drop of dr. Hamre for inviting secretary of state blinken for this forum. So thank you again for your role. I am gheewhan kim, president Korea Foundation. Its really a pleasure to come back to washington, d. C. And cohost a koreau. S. Forum with csis today. I extend my sincere appreciation and warm greetings to the article suggested tony blinken who is coming soon. And former minister of Foreign Affairs, and csis president john hamre, and Senior Vice President victor cha, and also his excellent ambassador of republic of korea. And distinct participants joining us today, despite demanding schedules. As we all know, this year 2023 marks the 70 anniversary of alliance between korea and the United States. I relationship has evolved from military defense treaty in 1953 and has extended to multifaceted, well functioning alliance for for 70 years. That includes 2012 koreau. S. Free trade agreement, and the most recent camp david Trilateral Partnership agreement on august 18, this year. Now, three and United States stand together as strong partners sharing common values, exchanging ideas and strategies. This partnership is been expanding beyond traditional security to cover critical areas of the economy, technology, cybersecurity, as well as global issues such as Climate Change, look health, development assistance. Korea and United States have become stronger allies than ever, demonstrating resilience in regional and global challenges together. And it is evident that our collaboration with continue to broaden. As we embark on to make these of this forum i am deeply honored to deliver these opening remarks in which i will highlight new advances in the bilateral relations of our two countries this year. In april, President Joe Biden held highly successful meeting leading to the release of washington declaration or disagreement reaffirms their growth and expansion of Mutual Alliance especially this document led to establish Nuclear Strategy group, official launch in july, and reconfirmation of strong defended deterrence strategy within the Security Alliance. The washington declaration is further reinforce by his summit at camp david on august 18. This first ever leave some korea, United States and japan marked key moment in our alliance. It provided a unique opportunity to define our extending horizon. With the shared indopacific strategies aimed at upholding rulebased International Order and fostering Cooperation Among Alliance Partners in the region, our decision to hold regular meetings and Exchange Information trilaterally demonstrates the widening scope of koreau. S. Collaborations. Discussing with japan, security threats including north Koreas Nuclear issues, maritime concerns in the region, economic and Technology Security matters, like a like a Global Supply chain, energy security, and Climate Change underscores the depth of our shared commitments. This series of developments in our partnership make it clear that it is a success of our alliance that we transition from focusing on Korean Peninsula to addressing more substantial challenges and threats affecting indopacific region and beyond. While the Alliance Core commitments will continue to stand on bolstering capabilities, enhancing defense to deter, john jones buildup, where dancing together to meet the challenges of broader indopacific region peon yanks. As global state, global remains dedicated and a gauge to advancing the core values, freedom, human rights, common good under global stage, solidifying our ironclad allies with United States here at this juncture i hope that the forum today provides a time of platform for candid exchange of views on vital issues among diverse stakeholders. I am confident that ideas and opinions generated during this event will serve a Building Block for meeting challenges advancing common interest. I stand my sincere gratitude to leadership at csis for the excellent preparation of the quorum and all distinguished participants for their contribution. Thank you. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, now well move on to congratulate remarks by his excellency, doctor jin park, minister of Foreign Affairs republic of korea. Former minister park was fourtime National Lawmaker on Ruling People Party and became foreign minister in may last year. Thank you. Hello, good morning. I am a park jin, foreign minister of the republic of korea. I would like to thank president gheewhan kim of the korean foundation, dr. John hamre of the csis, and secretary tony blinken, and all the friends and supporters of the koreau. S. Alliance for inviting me to speak todays forum. Let me first congratulate both the Korea Foundation and the csis on cohosting the koreau. S. Strategic forum today. I wish to recognize all that the kf and the csis have been achieving over many years to promote koreau. S. Relations at our mutual understanding. I also wish to acknowledge the distinguished speakers and participants at this years forum. All of you have been critical to nurturing, sustaining, and advancing our alliance through thick and thin. I due to other commitments as the foreign minister. We are one week away on the 70th birthday of our alliance. The signing of the koreau. S. Mutual defense treaty on octobe. So let us pause and reflect on what korea and the United States have accomplished together during this auspicious year. The washington declaration and the camp david trilateral summit would naturally come to mind here these titles will undoubtedly have a lasting place in history of our relationship. The term historic is often overused, but im sure everyone here would agree that president Yoon Suk Yeol state dinner to the United States was indeed a story. It from put our partnership on track as a Global Comprehensive Strategic Alliance. And in the face of north koreas ever growing threats the washington declaration put forward concrete measures to bolster extended deterrence. The Nuclear Consultant group that was launched in july is the first bilateral mechanism of its kind in the world. Act in 1953 on the very day that the koreau. S. Mutual defense treaty was signed, secretary of state John Foster Dulles stated the following words, bitter experience has taught us that weakness invites aggression, that the requirement of peace and security is the maintenance of our strength. The washington declaration fulfills the requirement. Seoul and washington have also adapted and upgraded our partnership to better meet the challenges of a changing world. Accordingly, Economic Security and cutting edge of sectors have all become part and parcel of our partnership. These include biotechnology, batteries, semiconductors, quantum computing, ai, and space. Similarly, no one would dispute that the camp david trilateral summit was just as historic. Every country will share information, align our messaging and coordinate our responses to various regional challenges. The promptness and depth of this commitment is noticeable. Our strong Trilateral Partnership will better shape the indopacific region in ways that are favorable to our come upon interest and to our shared values. Lastly, let me touch upon north korea. I would be remiss not to do so, especially given the event that took place in the Russian Far East recently. North Koreas Nuclear and Ballistic Missile development constitutes clear violation of 10 u. N. Security Council Resolutions starting from 1718, 1874, et cetera. All the way to 2397. Just as important, all forms of arms trade and related cooperation with north korea are also in direct breach of multiple security Council Resolutions. Both present significant threats to peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, the indopacific and beyond. Attempts to assist north koreas unlawful program or to engage in arms trade with north korea must therefore stop. We sternly warn that these actions not only flagrantly violate multiple resolutions, but endanger security. Permanent members of the Security Council including russia and china have a heavier duty to abide by binding resolutions adopted by the council. I cannot emphasize this enough. Meanwhile, north korea continues to squander scarce resources on advancing unlawful nuclear and Ballistic Missile programs. It is launching record numbers of missiles and socalled satellites when its own people are starving and economic hardship. The human rights of north korea people and the security on the Korean Peninsula are closely connected. The multimillion and tens of millions of dollars diverted to every Missile Launch should have been spent on improving the lives of its own starving people. North koreas actions are irrational, irresponsible and immoral. Ladies and gentlemen, korea and the United States have built a thriving alliance that is among the strongest and most successful in the world. Its over seven decades how adaptable it is in the face of new challenges, but this success did not come without effort. We would not have come this far without the likes of staunch supporters such as those who are present here at this forum. Once again, i extend my heartcongratulations and best wishes for a successful event. Thank you. [applause] good morning, everyone. And here and online, welcome to the 8th Rok Strategic forum. Im here, at csis and georgetown. Our keynote speaker. Secretary blinken is no stranger, you were an alum when you were here 20 years ago. So for all of you junior staff out there, theres a future after csis. You returned to csis a few years later to speak about the n. A. T. O. Alliance and i went back and watched that speech again and you had less gray hair then. [laughter] but you said something very important, you said that the u. S. And its allies are operating, quote, operating in a strategic environment more fluid and more fraught with complexity than ever before, closed quotes. Those words were both prophetic and accurate in describing what the u. S. South Korea Alliance faces now five days shy of its 70th anniversary. The war in ukraine, chinas assertive posture, north korea wmd campaign and other challenges require the alliance to be operating at a High Performance with all cylinders firing. Thanks to you and the administrations hard work both here and in seoul, the alliance aspears to be as good as its ever been. Were grateful for that and were grateful for you joining us this morning. Ladies and gentlemen, the csis statesman forum is honored with welcome the 71st secretary of state, Antony Blinken. [applause] thank you very, very much and good morning. John, wonderful to be back here. And so good to be with all of you this morning. I want to thank john, ambassador kim for the invitation to be here. As i was walking in, i heard the voice of my good friend and colleague, and i just want you to know that he is an exceptional colleague and im so gratitude to be able to work with him virtually every day. And yes, this is something victor said something of a homecoming for me, having been here 20 years ago. I have to admit to feeling a little bit jealous because im a veteran of the building on k street so every time i walk into this building its what happened . Timing is everything. But thanks to john hamry, thanks to other colleagues i had, a couple of extremely rewarding years here at csis and in particular, i had an opportunity firsthand to watch john grow it into the tremendous intellectual force that it is today and i benefitted from the expertise of an Extraordinary Community of scholars. The only reason i left, i had my arm twisted by a certain senator from the state of delaware who had just taken over the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and its especially good to be with my friend dr. Cha. Hes literally one of the first calls we make when we need information on development of crisis and the levelheaded response and thoughtfulness to offing brings tremendous strength. The only place he doesnt bring that equanimity when it comes to his and my beloved new york giants. This is starting out to be a little bit of a tough year, but this forum comes at a moment of remarkable dynamism and importance for the u. S. Korea relationship. As you all know, in just a few days, we will celebrate 70 years since our country signed a mutual defense treaty. 70 years, a relationship thats grown from a Key Security Alliance into a vital global partnership. One thats broadening in scope and significance seemingly every single day. Now, first and foremost, thats a testament to the extraordinary ties between our people and between our economies. To the Democratic Values and the vision to the world that we share, but also, i believe, to the leadership of President Biden and president un, and its a testament to the power and purpose of our diplomacy. Since day one of this administration we have worked to reengage, to revitalize, to reimagine our core alliances and partnerships, our intensified engagement with korea is maybe one of the most striking examples of how were not only deepening our alliances, but how were weaving them together in innovative and reinforcing ways across issues and across continents, into new purpose coalitions. Simply put, on so many consequential priorities for our people for the indopacific, for the world, we are working in partnership with the republic of korea. And i think if you look at it, we have been strengthening all aspects of our partnership, starting with our security. If you go back seven decades. Our two nations joined alliance as we say forged in blood. A pact sealed by thousands of our Service Members who stood together, who fought together, to died together to defend koreas freedom and democracy. Ever since, our alliance has been fortified by our enduring cooperation. About the enduring spirit, we go together. Today that commitment to mutual defense is ironclad and that starts with expended deterrents, particularly in the face of the dprks provocative actions, including Missile Launches which everyone here violates resolutions that extend to the peninsula and beyond. Beyond the launches themselves, dprk threats to broader security were demonstrated by kim jungun visit to moscow, and and also a dprk looking to strengthen and advance its own missile programs. Working hand in hand to highlight the dangerous ways that russia and north korea operation threatens security. In april, President Biden and president un young including through enhanced dialog and Strategic Planning and enhancing the Strategic Assets deployment to the Korean Peninsula, roux he starting port visits of Nuclear Submarines and cooperation between our militaries. Already in just the space of a few months were translating the declaration into concrete action. Earlier this summer for the first time in four decades a Nuclear Capable submarine made port. And the first meeting in july and this month the u. S. Rok held its second meeting already in seoul. Last month, i think as you all saw, President Biden hosted president yun and president yosheta at camp david and it did start a trilateral cooperation between our countries. And there were sensitive issues of history pursuing ambitious political agenda and starts with personal courage and commitment of their leaders. At the summit, our leaders discussed how to strengthen cooperation on a range of shared priorities. We committed to consult with one another expeditiously to coordinate through collected security and interests. Our countries agreed on practical ways for realtime sharing, trilateral defense exercises and to counter the malicious cyber activities, a growing challenge which fund the wmd and Ballistic Missile programs. Before we had the opportunity to demonstrate that enhanced trilateral cooperation in response to the dprks it could make a difference. At camp david, our shared commitment to rulesbased order. Cha includes freedom of navigation, peaceful resolution of disputes. They also reaffirmed the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait as an indispensible element of security and prosperity for the entire international community. Our Security Alliance is essential. Its at the foundation of our partnership, but its not the only element that makes our relationship so consequential. Were also intensifying our economic partnership. Since the Free Trade Agreement was approved. Bilateral trade has surged dramatically. Over the last two years alone, Korean Companies invested more than 100 billion in the United States, driving innovation, creating good jobs, for americans and korean workers alike. In bay city, michigan, at filtron, facility that makes semiconductors, we drive greater growth for our countries. And in georgia, thanks to the inflation reduction act, setting up a 2. 5 billion plant to make solar panels that will support thousands of local jobs and the global transition to a green economy. Investments like these in each others countries and workers are critical for strengthening our supply chains and reducing our reliance on unreliable suppliers. Were working together to power inclusive, sustainable, shared Economic Growth across the entire indopacific region. Together through the 14 Country Economic framework for prosperity, were supporting a race to the top on issues shaping the 21st century economy. Including supply chain resilience, clean energy transition, digital connectivity. At apec were teamed up for a more sustainable facility for all. Innovation, digitalization, and strong and inclusive growth. And were also partnering together on a range of developments, in the subregion. Climate resilience in the pacific islands. Marine protection throughout Southeast Asia. The United States and our partners are committed to making and demonstrating a stronger offer to countries in the region and to developing countries around the world working to deliver on the issues that matter in their lives from high quality infrastructure to inclusive Economic Growth, to Climate Resilience and adaptation solutions. The strength of that offer is directly tied to the strength of the partnerships working to deliver it. Technology innovation have long been the foundation of both of our countries economic strength and were broadening our cooperation there to take on global challenges. For example, we are collaborating on potential green shipping corridors between our countries which will require all ships to use lower emission fuels and all ports to reduce emissions so we can get the shipping sector on the path to decarbonization. And were emerging partnerships to enhanced collaboration from biotechnology, battery semiconductors, and digital Quantum Technologies and taking our digital partnerships all the way to Space Science and lunar operations. All of these efforts and initiatives designed to enhance the global good. Finally, were putting our partnership to work in driving peace and security around the world. That includes in ukraine where korea under the president has been partner with kyiv in the brutal war and the heart of the International Order and the United Nations charter, sovereignty, territorial independence, freedom. President putins aggression against ukraine has been a monumental strategic failure for putin, but succeeded in one thing, bringing the transatlantic and indopacific closer than ever before. When russia cut off oil and gas supplies to europe to freeze countries out of ukraine. Korea, along with japan, joined americas liquefied natural Gas Producers to ensure that they would have enough energy to keep their homes warm throughout the winter. Korea, japan, australia, new zealand are now regular and active participants in n. A. T. O. Meetings, as president yun has said across the world stage korea is taking leadership, in Development Banks so the needs of people in low and middle Income Countries, as the next host of the summit for democracy, as a participant along with japan, at the u. S. Trilateral conference on womens economic empowerment, a Critical Development in democracies, nondemocracies, low and middle Income Countries alike and when they take the seat at the u. N. Security council we look forward to the strong voice, the voice it will bring in defense of the u. N. Charter. And of korgs, all of you know, this is an extraordinary moment for brand korea around the world. If you look at the netflix list of top shows, inevitably youll find korean programming at the top of that list. A few months ago i had the opportunity to be on one of our late night tv shows based in new york and as we drove up to the stage door, i saw a huge crowd of young people gathered. And i thought, well, thats pretty nice, a lot of people waiting here for me. Turned out there was another guest on the show that night, leading korean kpop band and the young people at the door didnt know who i was, but extremely excited about the kpop band that followed in my wake. And you see the extreme ambition share by korea and the United States for the next generation of our partnership. Over the last couple of years weve made Great Strides in beginning to realize that vision and were prioritizing steps to institutionalize our cooperation across so many areas so it endures for many years and many governments to come. To the benefit of our people and to people around the world. Csis, the Korea Foundation, so many people in this room today were joining us by video are absolutely critical to these efforts and what i look forward to is the opportunity to make sure that the ongoing dialog that we have continues so that we together can continue to take the u. S. Korea partnership into the future. Thank you so much. [applause] good morning, everyone. Well be going into a short 10minute break for our online audience. Our first panel starts at 9 30 a. M. So please stay tuned. Thank you. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] this daylong forum looking at u. S. South korea taking a short break here. Its hosted by the center for international and strategic studies in washington. Live coverage on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] take your seats, well be ready to start session one. Thank you. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] im looking for someone to give me a thumbs up here. So im just going to assume that we have achieved conditions for launch. So were going to go and try to follow an excellent set of keynote addresses from duelling Foreign Ministers, secretary of states, and outlined the session well. I know i speak for the entire panel and really want to make a strong contribution to this really important event here today in washington. To try to keep up with, again, the secretary and foreign minister, we do have an allstar panel to kick this off and i am going to go through their bios very, very briefly, the truncated version. Theyre famous already, and look online for their storied past and were going into the future. And left to right, i wasnt told that i would be in the middle. Ambassador Kathy Stevens to start. Everybody knows kathy, currently the president and ceo of kei, chair of the Korea Society, a fantastic gala last week up in new york. Former ambassador to the United States. Long and distinguished career in and around the Foreign Service, lots of service in korea. Stanford university, its really an illustrious background. Kathy, welcome to the forum. Next over here is the former foreign minister, i dealt extensively with the foreign minister during nigh tenure year. Long, distinguished ill say that over and over again Foreign Service in korea and several appointments around the world and here in washington i believe the dcm, a lot of people will remember his tenure fondly. Welcome, mr. Minister. Over here, we have professor han, formerly of yonsay and now from a wellknown think tank. And long work on china and also, i think wrote a book, and lots of really important seminal work on a range of topics dealing especially with security in northeast asia. And last, but certainly not least, general vincent books, former u. N. Commander cfc commander, usk commander and people forget his tenure at pacom and range of service around world and really interesting military time and west point graduate and one of the top, ill say cerebral military as well and my wife reminds us gives the best birth gifts that we have in our home today. So a lot of old friends, intellectual fire power, practitioner experience along the alliance, were all set for a fantastic and i think Dynamic Panel here today. All right, im going right to the foreign minister first to get right into business and lets just take a broad view here. State of the alliance, you heard the two Foreign Ministers, secretary of states give their opening remarks and they paint a very, very, i think, promising picture. The alliance though has been through ups and downs. Youve been a part part and parcel of that. Can you talk a little about the strategic objectives of washington and seoul, the institutional framework that now exists and try to weave in a little of your experience in terms of, please, your past. What is work . Where have there been challenges . How do you see the road ahead . Foreign minister the road is yours and welcome to washington. Thank you, mark and i want to thank the doctor and for organizing this conference. As mark said, we are now very important historic point as mr. Secretary blinken and President Biden, in terms of alliance thanks to the declaration and camp david documents, the vision, strategic and policy of our two countries and our two, three countries, including japan, are now most aligned on many issues, not just on north korea and nuclear and missile issues, and including the issues. But these outcomes and achievements have not been made possible without the past achievements, past, you know, mechanisms of predecessors, and able since 1953. We have seen many agreements starting from the treaty, and then over the last over the last seven decades we saw on the military fronts combined forces commands and scn and your defense ministers meeting, the presence of the troops in korea. Vietnam and many others. But the end of the cold war, our strategy began to be globalized so with president obama, in the name of the joint statement, globalization in terms of our Foreign Policy. The president was able to extend this into much bigger areas and took important actions, actions to following up on our recent, including the change from timebased transfer to transfer, a Cooperation Agreement and so many by allowing between the threat, the cooperation possible again, to now. Its now actually, thanks to the Achievements Service between june 27th to june 22. Since the 93 treaty relations between the two countries are at their most robust starting 2009 and ending 2016. But from my standpoint, this is very important, thanks to washington declaration and thanks to documents, able to have the record unprecedented alignment, unprecedented the role has now expanded now trade, economy, and with the 2020 and many of the countries are now we have our study, they have many things in common. So, on this basis i think we have very good basis on which to carry this momentum forward. So, how do follow up, how to follow up on this washington declaration to make u. S. Deterrents sustainable and more to general public in south korea and the region. Then how to make these priorities to all of these people in the region from the south korean standpoint and the its to see the priority marginalized by others, but thanks to this agreement. There are others no less important, how to the people in the indopacific given attention and to the implementing measures. So even with all the achievements that should be continued. This is why we are watching very closely what happens in the Political Landscape in washington d. C. And in seoul. Well, the Foreign Policy begins at home, but does not stop at the waters edge, its very much divided in the United States and in korea as well. How do continue to make this washington declaration and template agreement tenable and i think that is one key task for us. And you started us off i heard from the Foreign Ministers there are stronger institutions as a result of the good work of many of the individuals online and in this room and second as the relationships become globalized and third theres a strong push to Work Together in and around the indopacific from Southeast Asia all the way up to, of course, friends in tokyo. Kathy, the charge that the foreign minister laid out making this more sustainable and more palatable and the reason i put the themes to you is for two means. One, you were ambassador at a time when a lot of new parts of the relationship and alliance were maturing and it really was an important turning point in terms of i would argue this alliance becoming a full partnership, so and critical Inflection Point and second, you have the very distinguished record as a peace corps volunteer, someone who knows the Korean People very well, speak the language. Know how to, i would say policy into sustainable outcome to the Korean People and so your views on this basket of issues. Kathy, the floor is yours. Thank you, mark. Its a pleasure to join all of you today. Its both easier and harder when you follow the morn stinster and the secretary of state and ambassador kim and foreign minister yoon because all of this, what i got from this, yes, the u. S. Korea alliance is stronger than ever, broader than ever, and more important than ever and i think it is worth a minute to reflect on how we got here, because that goes to the question of how sustainable is it. How resilient is it . I know words, secretary blinken, we all use a lot now and how do we go forward. I do have something to say about that, and i confess because i always back when i first lived in korea, first time in 1975, the schools and institutions i went to, youre prepared and you dont have to worry so i always worry even at this point and i wrote down this morning, milestones. These are milestones, and minister, you mentioned a number of them and thank you for your comments on my own service, about a half mile away, theres old house which some of you visited and if you havent, you should. Were not only marking 70 years, but 140 years before establishments of diplomatic relations between our countries. Im not going over all that, but this is a place where korean was forged on the identity that korea was here. And having bought valuable real estate, and eventually got back in logan circle to get back in washington, but the nation of korea as equal and sovereign nation sitting at the table with the United States and others that have really forged. So i think thats part after milestone but i wrote down a few others and i actually dont overlap with some, but some have happened outside of even what we do. Well, what we do as governments, but not specifically within the relationship and i think if you look overall at the success and why were here now, of course, the republic of koreas democracy, a modern culture, a democracy, but also, i think on the part of the u. S. , relatively long in the states, but what secretary clinton used to call defense, diplomacy and development, three prongs of approach. Yes, the Security Alliance was essential, but development was a primary goal and diplomacy played a large role. So, just a few things. And you maybe Immigration Law changes in the 1960s that removed national origins. Na was really the beginning of large scale korean immigration to the United States. Of course, there had been students, education played a role, but when i look at what we are today. The underpinning and in korean society. The underpinning of increasingly present and successful and the koreanamerican community is an underpinning that i think that we need to recognize. Lyndon Baines Johnson made a statement in 1966 and reading the statement there, he pledged the United States to establish with the republic of career, the Korean Institute of technology, and we were thinking about that back in the 60s, when korea was still, you know, in a very early stage of Economic Development. Fast forwarding, i would point to the establishment of c combined force the command in 1978, the elections and seoul olympics which i did witness. This year is the 21st anniversary of the peaceful transfer of power to an Opposition Party and going back to that the 1987, and i know this is extraordinary fundamental relationship and without that democratization and peaceful transfers of power we wouldnt be where we are. The peace time transfer in 1984. The for example ratification of chorus fta, a foundation for us now. And i could list a lot more, but thats kind of what came to me this morning, the things that we dont always kind of list, but its just i think emblematic the way weve engaged and you mentioned i was in the peace corps and with that, that korea became the first country to receive peace corps volunteers that now have per capita of volunteers sending elsewhere. The issue of development that secretary blinken mentioned. Going forward one of the areas of development not only in the sort of more traditional, if you like, Economic Development fields, but the kinds of issues that really are seizing the imaginations of our young people today, addressing Climate Change, the energy transformation, all of that, and i think we can build on the foundation thats been built and thats what i think has happened over the last year and extraordinary, very ambitious way, the optimism that well be able to sustain this as its built on this foundation and i think that professor hann came out of the school at the university. That predates, a lot older than 70 years. So i think that those are the kinds of roots that this alliance has that we celebrate this year, 70th anniversary of alliance. Thank you, outstanding. Let me go were talking about these other pieces that are critical, that have overlaid the military alliance which is one of, if know the core of the bilateral relationship. Awe look at every secretary of states speech and they always start with the alliance military part first and then work their way to other pieces. So, in a way, its critical to know as these other pieces come online in full voice, as it were, where are we on the military piece, general brooks . How is that relationship evolving, adapting, adjusting to a really rapidly changing geopolitical environment in this early part of this century . And how does the military Alliance Overlay with some of the other pieces . General, the floor is yours. Thank you, and what a great pleasure to be with this panel and be back at csis and participate in an important conversation. We had extraordinary introductions this morning, so, following on the foreign minister and the secretary of state, its very interesting. As i think theres always acknowledgment almost the core nucleus being like the grains of sand that eventually form into a pearl or an oyster. The outside luster right now cannot be presumed without the inner core and i think that the Alliance Relationship is reflective of that in many, many ways. Weve gone a long way from the initial forces that occupied in 1945 from the United States into south korea and then the changes in our composition in 1948 and then the war that began in 1950 which reversed all of that, and found us suddenly committed in a way that many did not anticipate. It gave birth to things like the south Korean Air Force and south korean army as we now know it to be and gave birth to extraordinary alliance literally weve gone together since that point in time as secretary blinken mentioned. At the present time, its very interesting. Sometimes we think about the u. S. South korea relationship as a big brother, little brother relationship. Thats not anymore. South korea is highly sophisticated militarily. In terms of numbers, orders of magnitude larger than the United States commitment in south korea, which on any given day is somewhere between 28,000 and 33,000, roughly americans who are in south korea. Some permanently stationed there and some on rotation there, but the south koreans over 600,000 every day. Who is it thats carrying the security the republic of korea on a daytoday basis . Its the republic of korea. Thats not well understood in america and other places. The advanced technologies that are evident in the south korea military right now and the military Industrial Base is another aspect thats changed significantly over time. There are south Korean Companies that are on par and partners in some cases with the United States industries in producing advanced military technologies, or advanced technologies that can be used in dual purposes with military operations and activities. This is the south korea, u. S. Alliance as it is know you with the military and security nucleus being there. To be sure, the threat has not gone away from north korea. If anything, it continues to merge in more and more dangerous ways, where north koreas missile technologies, for example, can range in the United States. That changes the nature of the game in many ways. Its the security relationship is no longer a Peninsula Security relationship, it has gone from peninsula to regional to now global in many ways. And these are the technologies that north korea continues to pursue and tries to perfect. Perhaps with the assistance of russia which would be as the minister said, a very concerning development to be sure and not something that the United States and south Korea Alliance would sit idly by. Where do we go from here . Id say that first, things like the resumption of exercises in a full and robust way is very important. These are two very capable militaries with south korea and the United States and they have to practice. Its that simple. I often describe to people how would you like to go into surgery with a Surgical Team that had never done the procedure before. When the costs are high, i need someone who is experienced and practice is very important and so we see the exercises as a former practice. The build ready is first, and what we call interoperability, the ability to work with each others forces, to exchange data. To make radio calls to one another, to send data from aircraft to vessels on the sea, to be able to impact Ground Forces as theyre trying to maneuver with sensors that are above them and around them. This interoperability is with these exercises and glad to see theyre resuming. And in north korea, they do their own exercises they did not stop their exercise program. They understand that theres a need for the presence on the Korean Peninsula in many ways to see it stabilized. And now military cooperation on a trilateral basis with japan, and others, and the recent exercise that happened in south korea, i think had seven or eight Different Countries participating in addition to the United States and south korea. Very important which alludes in many ways to the last thing ill talk about and thats the United States command the original multinational structure for military operations in korea. Very Important Organization that has preserved armistice these 70 years, but has also been the home for international commitments. If theres any kind of international contribute bug contribution through 1978, it flows through the United Nations command. Central to both of those in terms of the role they play. This is where the alliance is an needs to continue to expand and be more robust. The end of the preparations is not war. The end of the preparation is peace. Thats the ultimate aim but it has to come through a condition of strength weather is considerable advantage over north korean capability under effective control and restraint so that if incidents occur, escalations controlled and so those military instruments as sharp as they are can be used in conjunction with economic and intelligence and diplomatic instruments to try to create the right kinds of outcomes that ultimately to lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula. Thanks, general. That was a Tour De Force of the core military capabilities and i would say the nearterm future of the it sets up president hahn, professor on, very well. We will tap into expertise working as i i marginally dret up, marginally well. But what weve heard from the outstanding panel so far a lot about the history be referred about the the strength of the alliance, its core capability on the military side being now overlaid with these newer frontiers. What we have not yet treated is in your i would say wheelhouse, professor, is at the threat environment, the geopolitical environment of northeast asia and obviously as secretary blinken alluded to, president yoon comments essentially said europe, asian theaters are now joined. How do you see devolution of the alliance into this very challenging geopolitical environment . Small questions for you, professor han, the floor is your. Thank you. Thank you for this opportunity to participate in the session. This is small, small issue. This is quite big issue. I think the country, korean side, as secretary blinken mentioned, want to be out of parochial Korean Peninsula perspective into the globalize perspective. I think the threat still remains, the previous threat, and the new threat. The previous threat is threat coming from north korea and china. And the new threat coming from something may be cybersecurity or some other security, or those important. So we have to find out what will be the real threat to us. So speaking frankly, the korea is, our site, north korea is always a big threat. We have to prevent the north korea potential aggression or potential provocation to south korea security. That is us for sure. China, its hard to see that chain is a threat to koreas security. And they still concerned that china is, we should make good china relations by the same time i think china is always they have ambition to cut a put korea into their orbit. So we have to be careful about that. And another one is we have to, the fact is more like also we have cybersecurity. We have new threats coming from kind of Digital World and so we have to prepare for that. The u. S. U. S. Korea perspei think we have to prepare for conventional the military setting, at the same time with prepare for the new setting. This is beyond my capability, but i think we have to prepare with the United States and korea, we have to make concessions and communicate with each other to address the new and old threats. Let me throw it back to general brooks quickly follow up on that. You have got the new and old threats in a very complex geopolitical environment, not just in the region but in the world. General, how do you see the prioritization of the Alliance Leading to a maximum, maximally efficient result here . Well, defending the republic of korea has to be the first task or even as the alliance continues to think the on the peninsula it must never lose sight of the peninsula. Defending their first against immediate north korean threat has to be the first concern. But beyond that the ability to assist of the countries to work in partnership as a mr. With japan, australia, others to reinforce the capabilities of the association of Southeast Asian nations, asean as well, to build a broader and more copperheads of approach to indopacific security. That also has to be part of it. Its no longer appropriate for the alliance to be solely focused on the Korean Peninsula itself. Even projecting into things like europe as he south korea playing very Important Roles in sustaining ukraine, assisting poland, keeping europe strong against the russian aggression thats out there. This is i think what things are headed and need to head but staying focused at home history first. What does that mean . That means staying ahead of advancing capabilities in technologies that north korea is seeking or demonstrating. And they are doing both come seeking some, demonstrating others. And their success has been faster and greater than i think many of us anticipated it would be so we should never underestimate north koreas ability to figure the problem out. They are and they will be what does that mean . How does he allies stay head of things like swarms of drones attacking seoul, or attacking critical installations, or blocking seaports with underwater drones . Are we thinking about how what you see in ukraine would apply to what north korea would do with such technologies . Some of which have already, others as what you said they are pursuing. Dean in a posture to take away some other options and increase a member of the limits that north korea would face is going to be the heart of deterrence to prevent north korea from taking adventurous actions against the alliance. So there has to be continued development of there also. Often we get myopically focus on north koreas developments but the light is also developing, advancing its capabilities, putting a new defensive capabilities, integrating systems in a different way to make them a bit more robust and less vulnerable. Thats the key. There has to be some degree of parity and strength between how north korea sees itself well to the alliance bigger lights really has to be in the position of advantage in order to make the risks they go to dialogue at a a later point in time. Outstanding. Let me throw back to the foreign minister. You heard general brooks talk about some of these threats. You heard professor han talk about some of these threats in different domains. You, foreign minister, oversaw the signing of the first u. S. , u. S. Space the grid Framework Agreement in asia. You actually were the individual who signed it. So you have experience getting around pushing the allies out into new domain space, cyber come when they went right talked about, the technology race. Now youve got a not too long ago were talking about Public Health threats around the world. How do you see the alliance pushing into these areas of new frontiers of cooperation . And what are the Lessons Learned from history that would put us in a position to be as successful as possible . Just before that one short comment on general feel free to jump in, too. Sorry about that. South Korean People are coming to realize when relationship between our priority and other priority in the region and of the world through socalled integrity deterrence or collective efforts for common efforts, what have you call it. So i think its a very important development, possible development. Number two, nevertheless, now north korea is a threat, developing three different divisions. Many people focusing on only capability, nuclear missile. But now intention of north korea have, preemptive use of either strategy or including Nuclear Submarines. Number three, as many speakers mentioned, we are now facing totally different kind of strategic landscape. Latest of kim jones visit to russia, he said russia is now number one priority for our he never said the kind of the rhetoric his neighbors probably chinese leader would be embarrassed by that statement. So new northern triangle is doubt in regime. So we have to watch very carefully, even that putin is visiting north korea rather soon. So how all this kind of new landscape evolves in northeast asia . Including korea, china, japan, something in the near future. Thats kind of development. Thats kind of a contrary, kind of mechanism in our world. Thats all the geopolitical concern. Now we are facing more and more new geoeconomic, do technological come even geostrategic factors. Thats what you call paul the crisis or multichallenges. Actually, the ambassador in 2015 president obama and President Park were on a very joint partnership. That contained six areas of new issues. Cyber, space, energy and [inaudible] at the time it is more general issue that i gave you the time limit now the present challenge, its hard to hear washington declaration and camp david documents contain a long list of some kind of new security, economic, Economic Security, Global Governance issues, all areas really copperheads of, really strategic, really global including the pacific. So i think were moving in the right direction. Now the question is, how much and how far south korea can do or cannot do in this mini multichallenges of priorities. So this is the one task for a lights mechanism to follow up, or desha mechanism to follow up amendment. As many languages, we have to so that reflects five different priorities you have right now. But as we are more and more, i think it will be reduced as time goes by. For this, the leaders bilateral or trilaterally to continue to build strategic trust. With every of shared values, shared interests and shared vision. So now no longer you have here in washington, d. C. Compare rankings who is number one, japan . Korea . Three countries are now part of either camp david or member aukus or member of the quad. They are all part of indopacific strategy and our indopacific strategy has many things in common. So we have to and this global basically very good for us, opportunity, areas of opportunity as President Biden said. On the other hand, these new frontiers are full of opportunities. For example, we could face all noted 2000 at the same time, kind of an perfect storm. But the least of things we know we have through washington declaration, Economic Security joint statement. I think that we have many areas where south korea come even japan can do better than any other country in the world. So i think you can make progress very about, for example, ai, bio, semiconductor, the quantum computing, for example. The how to strike a fine balance and how to read expectations other businesses, not just korean but american and japan or taiwan and others. So think sometimes businesses are more sensitive to those kinds of negotiations, so how to walk together with the business sectors, then how to all these together. In that case is new frontier issues can be our best and can be next on the agenda in every sense of the word. Thank you, mr. Ambassador. Really interesting remarks there. Let me come to ambassador stephens. Ambassador stephens, really come first, lots of threats to pull on their from foreign minister yun entrance of strategic to the particle. The what i would like to draw your the police take it, any direction you want, people to listen to be anywhere when a moderate, so the question, as ambassador one of your charges is to try to prioritize, right, and try to move the alliance in the direction to measure it russia commiserate with resources. Foreign minister talked about this a lot on the plate, right, for both sides but especially the south comedians. Koreans. How would you think about in terms of these items in priority order . And, of course, any other comments you want to add on the strategic frame. Actually want to add something on the question you asked me earlier which i kind of come i didnt answer about how do we build Going Forward public support. I think that was your question. I think thats also key here, some of what you and minister yun at all of these issues. The first question of, and weve added from space to what Public Health to ai and the list goes on. And one part of my answer is, is, we do a background to educational ties that are not all in purely government form to form a strong basis for it. I mean, you mentioned i spent a couple of years at stanford and i taught a class on korea diplomacy in northeast asia, and i discovered, and this is stanford so silicon valley, some of the students in my class were korean, korean students are koreanamericans, or other people of other nationalities and ethnicities who were taking the class because i need to do something but korea, the politics and history of a, not because im going to going to diplomacy or think tanks but because im going to be an engineer, you know, because im going to going to Public Health in this as an important partner. Part of my answer is its already happening and we dont have to do everything. But government has to come one, kind to stay out of the way a facilitate, facilitate through visa policy, facilitate in think tanks like csis, the kind of program i think you where youre getting fellows who are come from a stem background to engage on u. S. Korea relations and not so much, only those are coming from more of the International Relations background. Those were kind of soft approaches if you like but thats where these things are and these issues are very, very powerful and going to the point of kind of support and relevance of the lines Going Forward and, yes, i agree with everything general brooks said, i want to get back to the Korean Peninsula, we cant forget about that. But we have the capability and i think we have the political will and between our two countries and other allies and partners, hence the emphasis on of course relationship with japan and the Administration Emphasis again and get on the lights of partners. We have to do together but if it is going to be relevant not just for the next generation but the survival of the world, we have to show were doing something on Climate Change. Secretary blinken mentioned what does that mean . It means a lot of legislation is going to turn out to be confusing, you know what its talking about, confusing and controversial like the ira. Its going to turn out to be the chips act and where this fits into Economic Security. Its going to be really hard clinical things by the think to be relevant to the Younger Generation if i can say in both of our countries, who are going to see the impact of Climate Change if we dont get our Carbon Emissions down the next 20 or 30 years, weve got to demonstrate were not just talking the talk but walking the walk, even when it does create political tensions, economic dilemmas and we need to bring our businesses into it much more and thats the other part that i see as much more of a partner. Last week the Korea Society dinner, one of our arteries was governor brian kemp, brian kemp from georgia. Atlanta, georgia, is now called the seoul of the south and the spoke with nde in it. Its extraordinary to me, for a prominent come apart in a local governor and to see how engaged he is with all things korean. This goes beyond even the investments to take us which are very impressive it goes to i think all these strands were talking about of those over the new frontiers are. Thats what the future in terms of public support is and thats what gives us the underpinning to convene to do what is, i wouldnt call it a legacy mention but the Unfinished Business of the Korean Peninsula, stopper, and that s also the 70 anniversary of the armistice. Its a painful anniversary in many ways but it reminds us, one, of a human rights within agenda we still have but also with the fact going to, i guess this is my point but a take it from come the lesson of history i think remains that the Korean Peninsula has always played a outsize role in shaping or even decisive role in shaping the security fiber of the entire region and beyond. And yes, there is a flashpoints, taiwan, the south jersey and everywhere else but if we thinking about the real future of the region we cant forget about the Korean Peninsula, and thats going to take, cant be in either or. It has to be booked. Thanks. Those actual remarks. Im going to take your direction and pose a question to professor han. Your expertise is china. Weve heard a lot from these two distinguished panelists just moments ago on things like the technology race, the strategic framework of both northeast asia and the indopacific. Foreign minister yun talk about a trilateral meeting with koreajapan china to the guardrails that you talked about wanting and needing a productive relationship with beijing. Let me just put you on the spot here and sharpen the point. How should the alliance manage relations in and around china . U. S. China has frictions and korea is in the middle. So far for 30 years, korea maintain its own prosperity and safety with the one kind of strategy. One is in terms of security we want to discuss with the United States. In terms of economy we just discussed with china. But that kind of, kind of system is no longer valid because u. S. And china we had severe kind of competition right now. So korea, at this moment president yoon became president and he wants to lead the country to some other direction. So far its quite different. Now he thinks that now we have to decide, either one of the partner or ally. So he wants to strengthen, or he wants to consolidate the Alliance System with the United States. At the same time he wants to manage relationship with china. So for 30 years as many chinese people, they argue that korea has took advantage of chinese economy and we just maintain quite a good prosperity. Thats true, but at the same time we still suffer a lot from china in terms of cultural and the terms of kind of reciprocity. China tried to keep pressure on korea. China is a little bit superior to korea, and they want to just leave the bilateral relationship to the previous or maybe 100 years of the system. But that will be the result, that kind of friction between korea and china result in the recent data paul about 80 of korean population, Korean People, they should the antichina sentiment. And if we get into the Younger Generation, it is worse. 90 of the young generation people, they try to share the antichina sentiment. In 2015, in language, the department of the english language was number one. Second was chinese, third one is japanese, the fourth one is a german and french dislike that. Right now number one is english, number two is japanese, number three is german, number four is french, never fit for six it would be chinese. Sometimes Chinese Department have hard time to find out any applicant. So there is this is a situation. I think a korea is already decided to strengthen United States and we want to go that way, at the same time we do not just bashing china. So we try to manage china. We still have to recognize that china and the korea we have very different in the system, political system, and to do not share the democracy and we only just focus on economy. So that is Current Situation. I think you as Korea Alliance we have to think about the u. S. Korea alliance. Korea wants to strengthen the u. S. Korea lines. At the same time we have china but i think United States and korea we have to maintain trust. The u. S. Has to make the trust upon korea, and sometimes in this kind of structure, United States might have some kind of mind that korea might have some other mind towards china. I think there is maybe through three decades we might have that kind of idea. But now we are very strict because we are democratic country. We are reflecting Korean Peoples perspective. So 80 Korean People they still share antichina sentiment and 90 junk generation they should the antichina anti. That is the basis of our kind of attitude towards United States and china. Still, many Korean People share in terms of security we have to maintain u. S. Korea alliance. That is for sure. Terms of economy we have to divert from china to u. S. Side or to the global site. That is Current Situation. As china specialist i think i always promoting, we have Good Relationship with china, and we do and we will. At the same time what kind of relationship are we going to make . That relationship be based on Korean National interest. Korea has to lead the relationship between korea and china, not china made the situation, the relationship. I think that is for sure for now we have to pursue. Outstanding. Let me follow up with one of the question on this. You talked about, professor, and evolution of the direction of korean Foreign Policy over the last three decades, number one. Number two, you brought politics into this, young generation pulling, et cetera. Then three, on this together, National Interests which seems to be being redefined in in l by both Foreign Policy elites as well as popular opinion. Do you see this trend as something that will continue over the near medium and longterm domestic politics in korea and the United States, are fickle. How do you see this trend over time . To some parts i think this kind of trend will continue. But many people recognize that next april and have congressional election. If we win, they were going to continue this kind of trend. But if we lose than its going to be directly going to the lane that will start to pick such as the case of of situation i think, some of the kind of, some of the people, they might lead the country tilting towards china site. I recognize the Current Situation at the same time those people cannot directly move korea to that side because of no, popular sentiment is still here. So they have to watch popular sentiment popularity, what they think about. I think that will be reflective of the go with policies. This editor will go about this kind of trend will be persist in Korea Society for claudication also, outstanding answer, by lame duck it the Opposition Party gains more seats in the national assembly, a one term of president of Yoon Suk Yeol will basically be lameduck at that time . Very thanks for the clarification. General brooks, what does all of this mean for the military side of the house . You touched on it a little bit earlier. Can i just draw you out in terms of in and around the region we have heard mentions of taiwan in president ial fact sheets. We have now the trilateral cooperation which has existed before seemingly a bit stronger. Does this mean, what does this mean in terms of the bilateral command structure and or relationship with indopacom Going Forward . General brooks. Well, its working as it is but it doesnt have to stay as it is. There certainly opportunities to think about adjustments to command structure, for example, begin with that. Give it increase cooperation between the republic of korea, japan and the United States jew alliances that have a bridge that a joint and in many ways, almost a triangle is the command structure, right, for that . Interestingly it is you in command that as auspices in both korea and japan with bases in japan, some force present, some stocks in japan and certainly the sharp edge of the alliances forward in korea. Is is the u. N. Command the rigt structure to be that gap spanner, if you will, between republic of korea and japan as the two countries have more and more engagement . Or is it time to resume Something Like the far east command . That would impact the internal dynamics of indopacific command to be sure. If theres a consolidation of two sub regional commands that u. S. Forces in korea, u. S. Forces in japan, if those were consolidated into a u. S. Forces far east just for lack of a better name, then thats still a subordinate structure to the indopacific command. Or should be completely separate . That something that that in be discussed. Does it a lot indopacific command to concentrate more fully on the remainder of indopacific region, especially focus on china and its interest in movements but also reaching as far as india and vacation relationship is stronger militarily as we see increasing as well. I think all these things are worthy of thought and discussion to maintain pace with the diplomatic actions that have occurred. So what happened to camp david is a significant step forward. Does the system the military structure alignment with that still i think its an open question. Outstanding. Let me follow up with that and it will come back. We have about eight minutes left. I want to treat the europe question, we have got really into that especially with the general over and bring it to the diplomats and they will go to final comments. General brooks, thoughts on the alliance keeping pace with events in europe. Remarkable. The outreach tour to europe has been a significant change and in many ways a strategic loss for both russia and for china both of whom sought to dismantle the international Alliance System. So the light system has been strengthened by this. It is also drawn asian nations into europe anymore fulsome way, any construct way that we havent seen before. I think this sets up a new set of relationships that would be very, very important in both directions. First, europe potentially committing to support of the Korean Peninsula if something would happen so United Nations command. Its not just for war. Again it could be we now have conditions that require disarmament in north korea, a military support to that disarmament or confidence Building Measures that if these things, as well as the potential of war breaking out and resuming again. European contributions would flow through that and they would be enabled by this outreach thats ongoing right now because of russias invasion of ukraine. Similarly, as was the continued efforts by asia in europe, that changes the economic relationship, the culture relationship, the militant relationship, the technological relationship and this Global Comprehensive Strategic Alliance that is the republic of koreau. S. Alliance has impact on all of those and so i think that we see an emerging change dynamic that more thoroughly connects the interests of europe and the interests of asia in a constructive what. Thanks, general. Cathy come over to you. You spent time in both theaters as it were. Thoughts on the alliance, europe . Yeah. I mean, i think perhaps as they say your washington and during my career we get we did s too much as a separate world and were not paying enough attention to the fact that actually over the years south korea was building strong economic ties in europe. We did notice when the europeans, that slowmoving bureaucracy in brussels swooped in and cut a freetrade agreement that the looks a lot like our Free Trade Agreement by kind and put it before we did but i think that was a little bit of a wakeup call and while ago. But now within the security sphere with all the general brooks has described. So i was a this is another area where the National Security and Economic Security issues are overlapping and having a profound effect on south koreas relationships and affords an salient to europe and vice versa and, therefore, us as well. I am particularly intrigued of course by the huge investments that Korean Companies are making and establishing a presence of special in poland and elsewhere. I think were seeing just beginning of this and is good at huge economic what is in social policy or otherwise, economic implications as well as security implications. Thanks, kathy. Outstanding. Foreign minister. Europe and nato and other indopacific countries moving in tandem or in lockstep. So i think that these are but specific situations in each region for each country. Europe is sometimes quite at odds, its divided to certain extent or even asia is different. Aukus and camp david trio is more or less very senior outlook but im not sure about the target because of the mechanism. But he to look at the big picture, even though we agree that u. S. China relations is the biggest challenge of the most important challenge of national strategy, but that is part of the global development. Actually now in this what we are seeing is globalists, globalists, global south. Everything is now more and more comprised of the china, russia, and now so that means we are now making even latin america. I appreciate President Biden and president clinton. But nevertheless, in terms of actual result, in terms of voting still, they are no less very strong, sometimes the opponents in making our world safer and prosperous. They are trying to make it their own regional order to they are trying to form their own rulesbased International Order. Ultimately when, prevail, actually that is still what we have to see. But for me personally i fully agree camp david. We are undaunted in the greatest challenges to us, and then the next 70 years of our alliance would be the brightest one thanks to President Biden. Outstanding. Weve got about one minute left. I dont how you built on that for closing comments, but quickly, 30 seconds for closing comments. The approach to europe is also conducive to the korea basic idea that we want to make our independence, kind independence from china. That is very important because china is concerning that due to the dependency on china. China wants to protect automatic power, cloud over the korea. So if we approach to china, if we approach to the europe then i think that will be very good approach to get the korean independence, kind of independent from china. Outstanding. General brooks, 30 seconds to you for closing comments. The Security Alliance is strong but not to be taken for granted. It is impacted by domestic politics and press the greatest to solidarity in the alliance is nationalism in the two bodies politic. Watch over that. Outstanding. Kathy, ambassador. President biden an president yoon both put a great emphasis on values, both with respect to i think their domestic political positions and their Foreign Policy. I welcome this as a former practitioner. I think values are very important to i think at this time its also very delicate and a think just as the Foreign Policy and we can talk about domestic policy increasingly kind of overlapping. We have to be very thoughtful about how we think and talk about values because i think that has more than 30 seconds i can with the potential to be a great place for the alliance, central fort macon also be polarizing. You get and out of jail card because you and a bastard. Foreign minister, last word to you. 30 seconds please. Just one hour ago, secretary blinken, i told him that, actually u. S. And south korea are now present at the creation of a new order, regional and global. So we say every time we go together, not just on the military front only, to know Economic Security or Technology Related war are many areas for the next 70 years, even though it may be a long and bumpy road all right. That note, thanks to our panelists. Thank you, foreign minister yun, ambassador stephens, general brooks, president hahn. Thank you Korea Foundation, csis. Thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] this daylong forum looking at you as as a south korea takia short break here it is being hosted by the center for strategic and International Studies in washington. Live coverage on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [applause] thank you very, very much. Good morning. John, wonderful to be back here. Answer good to be with all of you this one. I want to thank john hamre. I want to thank ambassador kim for the invitation to be. As i was walking and i heard the voice of my good friend and colleague jin park. I just want you to know that he is an exceptional calling and its a gratified to be able to work with him virtually, virtually every day. And yes, this is something as victor said somewhat of a homecoming for me. Ive been here, here early 20th go ago. To admit to feeling a little bit jealous because i am a veteran of the building on k street. So every time i walk into this building its what happened . Timing is everything. But thanks to john hamre, thanks to other colleagues. I had a couple of extremely rewarding your threat csis. And in particular i had an opportunity on a first end to watch john into the tremendous intellectual force that it is today. And i benefited from expertise of an Extraordinary Community of scholars. The only reason i left is i have my arm twisted like a certain senator from the state of delaware to a just taken over the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. And he acted it is especially good to be with my friend, dr. Cha. He is quite literally one of the first calls we make whenever we need full council, regional crisis, developing we were talking just a few minutes ago and that levelheaded response, the thoughtless that he brings to everything as a commit a source of strength. The only place he doesnt bring that equanimity is when it comes to his and my beloved new york giants. This is starting at to be a bit of a struggle here but this comes at a moment of remarkable dynamism and importance for the use korea relationship. As you all know in just a few days we will celebrate 70 years since our countryside in this mutual defense treaty. Seven years of relation that is grown from Key Security Alliance into a vital global partnership. One that is broad in scope and significance seemingly every day. Now, first and foremost that it has been to the extreme a close ties between our people and between our economies to the Democratic Values and the vision for the world that we share but also i believe to leadership of President Biden an president yoon. And its a testament to the power and purpose of our diplomacy. Since day one of this administration we have worked to reengage, to revitalize, to reimagine our court alliances and partnerships. Our intensified engagement with the public of korea is made one of the most striking examples of how were not only deepening our alliances but also how were weaving them together and innovative and mutual reinforcing ways across issues and across continents and continue coalitions. Simply put, on so many consequential priorities for our people for the indopacific, for the world, we are working in partnership through the republic of korea. I think if you look at it we had been strengthening all aspects of our Partnership Starting with our security. If you go back seven decades, our two nations joined an alliance as we say forged in blood. Pack sealed by the sacrifice of our Service Members to together who fought together, who died together to defend koreas freedom and democracy. Ever since, our alliance has been fortified by our enduring cooperation by the shared spirit of we go together. Today, that commitment to mutual defense is ironclad and that starts with extended deterrence. Particularly in face of the dprk provocative actions including its Missile Launches which is a bone here knows highly multiple u. N. Security Council Resolutions and undermine stability on the peninsula and beyond. Beyond the launch themselves, the dprks threats to broader it security were demonstrated clearly i kim jonguns visit to moscow this month now we are seeing this as a twoway street. That is increasingly dangerous. With on one hand russia desperate to find equipment, supplies, technology for its ongoing aggression against ukraine but also dprk that is looking for help to strengthen and advance its own missile programs. Working handinhand with the partners analyst to highlight the dangers ways russia north koreas cooperation threaten global peace and security. In april President Biden an president yoon pledge to snively strengthen u. S. Rok coronation through the washington declaration committing to engage in deeper cooperative decisionmaking nonnuclear deterrence, clicking through enhanced dialogue and enhanced information sharing. Discussing Nuclear Institution planning come enhancing the visibility of your Strategic Asset to pulitzer to ta including by restarting port business of Nuclear Capable submarines and expanding operation coronation between our militaries. Already in just the space of a few months we are translating the declaration into concrete action. Earlier this summer for the first time in four decades a Nuclear Capable submarines mayport. The nuclear causative group created by the washington declaration had its first meeting in july and this month the u. S. Rok extended deterrence strategy and contemplation group held its second meeting already in seoul. Last month i think as you also President Biden posted president yoon and the Prime Minister for a historic camp david summit. We all tend to throw around the word historical event loosely but i think this one genuinely meets the definition. It really did mark the start of a new era in trilateral in a country just over the last year korea and japan to continue dressed difficult and send issues of history while pursuing an increasingly ambitious and affirmative agenda. And the starts with the political courage and personal commitment of their leaders. At the summit our leaders discussed how to strengthen cooperation on the range of shared priorities are we committed to consult with one another expeditiously to courtney our responses to threats for our collective security and interests. On the north Korean Nuclear front our countries agreed on practical is to improve our joint responses through the realtime sharing of dprk Missile Warning data, trilateral defense exercises and efforts to counter the dprks malicious cyber activities, a growing challenge which find its wmd and Ballistic Missile programs. Have the opportunity demonstrate enhanced trilateral cooperation in response to dprks second failed attempt to the point saddle it launched nuclear early this month can make a difference. At camp david believers emphasized our shared commitment to a rulesbased order. That includes freedom of navigation, peaceful resolution of disputes, they also reaffirmed the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait are right, folks, we will begin the next Session Panel two, please join us. If youre outside having coffee, please come in. And let me welcome all of the audience here today as well as virtually, both in u. S. And abroad i would assume. Its a real pleasure to be back at csis. Ive seen more of victor in the last 12 months than at any other time in our 30 odd your friendship, which is good, which is good, which is good. And i am particularly delighted to cheer this session on the future of the u. S. Korea japan relations for a number of reasons. My late father was a diplomat told me, among many lessons that he told me, number one, if you choose your friends but not your neighbors. Well, i guess if you have tons of money you can choose your friends and your neighbors as well. But you cant choose her neighbors. Number two, he said, one of the things that he wanted to leave as a personal absolute professional legacy is that he did not want any of his children, myself and my two sisters, to have a legacy of faith on japan. He said we want you to remember history, to be proud that you are koreans, but you should not have any hatred in your heart. Because thats what happened on your generation. I think i passed it onto my daughter since i lived in japan twice as an adult that or e to do today, we have till 12 05, let me briefly introduce to you the panelists were all known to you. I will begin with professor jaemin lee, a professor at Kongju National university and well known in the beltway. Professor eunjung lim for economic and security at Seoul National university. He probably knows more about trade law than any other korean who is alive. And, of course, Chris Johnstone was a Senior Advisor in japan chair at csis. Last but not least, my dear friend victor cha. My first question to all of you is give me your take on why the breakthrough, seemingly, in the trilateral relationship is so important from your Vantage Point so let me begin with victor. Well, thank you. First thanks for cheering the panel, are distinct guess. Surely a pleasure. To answer your question i would say that its significant, its significant in two ways. The first is it provides important benefits to each of the Alliance Partners. So usjapankorea trilateral cooperation things were laid out at camp david by important private benefits if you will for the parties to the alliance. But not just that, not only do they provide important private benefits when we talk about Cooperation Among the three countries in everything from Missile Defense tracking to Climate Change to emerging technologies, that is providing public goods for the world. So there is a lot more to this relationship than what they share among each other that is beneficial to the world. Great. Professor lee, i mean, you focus a lot on trade, on economic issues. And from your Vantage Point what is the highlight of the seemingly close relationship between our three countries . Well, i think as we discussed already, not previous session, now trade issues are becoming Security Issues. Sacred issues are becoming traditions. So the combination of the two come to look at the issue from a new perspective. Everything starts from scratch so we are now trying to find an answer to many, many new challenges. No korea and the United States are cooperating. That is fundamental strategy and importance of summit in april and now finally the trilateral summit at camp david including japan, korea, japan and the United States a look at this issue from an angle and trying to converge security, trade, economy and technology. So this is very important develop it and new era of Trilateral Partnership. Chris, as a de facto japanese on the panel, could you please tell us your view from tokyo . Yeah, sure. So great to be here, thank you, title represent more than just the japanese but i guess i see three big things that are significant about the outcomes at camp david. One is in this commitment to consult, the implicit message that the security the three countries is linked. In some ways is that the sf blindingly obvious that is that a statement the governments have made together before. And its the foundation for Everything Else that follows. Thats an important point to make. The second is the package the things that were announced on the defense side, which really collectively take the trilateral defense relationship to a a nw level. Without trilateral exercises before in particular this named annual multidomain exercise is new. It will prove to be more complex and will bring our militaries together in ways that have not been true before. And in the third to build on what victor said, this set of initiatives related to the indopacific, whether its the relevant finance cooperation, Cooperation Among our vse, since the message that this relationship is not much more than security on the Korean Peninsula, that we have a much broader agenda for us i think thats really important. Professor lim, what are your thoughts . I again thank you very much for having me to this wonderful forum. And i share much of what mr. Johnstone, because first and foremost deadly north korean issue. We have another separate panel i dont want to speak about too much detail about the north korea related, but absolutely rages on much more diverse and not only missiles and drones come with cyber definitely because if you think about the trip to currency, last year only, last year only almost like more than 40 of stolen crypto currency is done by north, which means definitely cyber and space. Space. These things are interconnected closely and deathly more and more trilateral approach to deter those Cyber Attacks or even their ambition to the space era. This should be check and balance multinational. In that sense i do of course my own personal background, education and professional backgrounds, i personally do welcome this progress. I think everybody in this room has a consensus, and ensure the consensus is strongest from the Korea Foundation and csis. In fact, when i was talking to the ambassador on the way from seoul to new york and then to d. C. , he felt that this was one of the most important breakthroughs in modern korean diplomacy. Doctrine in the november, the new president. And so, if someone with the initials dte, renters in the white house, i think that there will be lots of angst, the released in seoul and in tokyo as other our political drivers, theyre going to have a huge impact on where this relationship goes forward, my second quick question and then will carry on, for the panelist is where the roadblocks to sustainability on the try lateral relationships and let me begin with you professor. [inaudible]. As i mentioned, i do welcome this progress when you have emergent and emerging issues and professor you mentioned the conventional in a risk of international and korean we created emerging enemies gains they used to be there, however, through the certain progress, you said it does create multiple will for example, the cyber and it does have like a nexus with the National Security, or even like many other outcomes which was not that much expected as of these kinds of things fluid situation, we need more collaboration however and the thing is were all in this room, i think that we will agree the causation of economy and even though i do welcome the progress, how confident these two are an this is the remaining and that is why i do think that having at this core the trilateral core needs to definitely expand two important areas like central asia probably including like mongolia or australia definitely and so this should not probably be the end of the story. You know see the roadblocks are impediments. Well you know, defense on how closely willing to Work Together for this institutionalizing all of these things and how tangible outcomes that we can create yes. You know chris, in japan, because they been in power for so long, regardless of the leadership change, is ahead of the party you really dont see much of a change in Foreign Policy although koreas probably an exception in certain cases and so as a depend chair and i well i guess longtime analyst on the japanese teas in a japanese Foreign Policy, how much of the japanese domestic policy and politics do you think will affect the future of the trilateral relationships. Yes, certainly think about the politics really in any of our countries are probably the biggest uncertainty, Going Forward. I look i think that in japans case, i think its fair to say theres some hesitance that first that the president began his outreach and for my point of view, probably took longer than it should have her japan to embrace the initiative from the korean side. There is mineral change in tokyo in japan and recognition of this opportunity a sense that there really is a chance to chart different course here the concern about political change in korea and the impact that might have but you are less of it than you did before. And so i think that is positive and i think the issue for my perspective is uniting actually, from a domestic political standpoint on the u. S. Presents the biggest question in the near term, and i think about president yoon and the primary should have more runway than perhaps the United States does. But beyond that, i think that the political will among all three to look beyond the inevitable setbacks, and keep things on course because this is not part of the pun, nothing of history and the japans south korea relationship there will be another will buy it japanese cabinet member and there will be a textbook issue in the maybe new developments in the court case. In the political will look beyond that, and can stay focused on the opportunity. I think thats the opportunity but also i think thats the uncertainty that we have to keep focused on. Professor lee, only talk about the trilateral is him between korea japan and the u. S. Especially on trade and economics and technology issues, it is not just the public and the government, but also the importance of corporations and companies in the market. So how do you think the Korean Companies for example, where the japanese are americans, really struggling trilateral Security Cooperation and will that result in closer economic ties between korea and japan. I dont really believe so so is important not just for the governments, the three governments critically from korea and japan but also for the corporations and japan and in korea, they havent been incorporated closely between the two countries and so now, they have encountered a lot of difficulties because of between japan and korea for the past ten years is just as mentioned also new academic security and Global Supply chains insecurities and these are raising new questions with the Korean Companies as well is the Japanese Counterparts nl, theyre cooperating closely, now that the ready to cooperate deeper because now, they know what to do, where to go in japan again and kim david and joint statement in the trilateral cooperation efforts but thats important for the cooperations now for the corporations now. But as u. S. And china relations the friction between the beijing and washington, there are concerns in tokyo and the companies are going to suffer. If the relations become worse between the americans and the chinese but you believe the Korean Companies major conglomerate, both in japan and in korea, how they managed are turbulent geopolitical waters. Welcome of that is very tip in a difficult question and an important question and i think that one of the porting benefits from the trilateral summit is now, the commodification of reformulation of supply chain. And we know what types of supply chains will be reformulated three areas, intelligence, computing and the advanced semi conductors. And for other areas, now is been cleared, this area of cavitation continuing cooperations doing Korean Companies and chinese companies, and critical areas and noncritical technologies and so i can see the operation of the supply chains for different types of products. You weve lived through Turbulent Times in the u. S. Lock relations in the 2000s, and even before that. And every time there impediments or roadblocks, somehow the alliance managed to move on and more positive way. But i think if you look at the experiences of the changes in government, both in korea, and in the u. S. , 30 fluctuations politically, they do have, critical cause. So looking in the next five or ten years horizon, and youll imagine in your head, a worstcase scenario, politically, between korea and japan and the u. S. , is this trilateral relationship still possible. Hunters going question and, i mean, i certainly think so and i think a part of it goes to how we thing about what caused camp david to happen. So clearly part of the answer to that is leadership by the president own and others. Whose idea was it. To do the trilaterals. Yes it camp david it. Oh at camp david and wilhelmina have i will chris and i have are guesses about when the u. S. Government mightve proposed it. Because it is such a historic play is and theres no denying particular for the president will like he served in everybody in washington can acknowledge this, that he deserves a lot of credit for only very start in from the beginning of this transition they made clear, but i would also argue, that was not the only thing right. And lorne europe has had a Ripple Effect everywhere, and change the way every leader thinks about this is great so that certainly has something to do with it in china, and a growing in the region, certainly has something to do with it and obviously, they had something to do with it as well as Economic Security has my chains. I know all of these country been victims of chinese economic origins of my point is, that even though the politics changed become a it was not just is not just leadership the caused this to happen. Their external factors that are pushing the country together. Yes and i would imagine, that even with changes in leadership, those same impulses, will create similar sources of the responses maybe not with the same enthusiasm, are the same flourish, but i think that the path has been laid. In the earlier panel, we talked about investor liberty another stark about the growing connection between the indo pacific and europe and there are some naysayers who argue that yes, that the europeans are much more interested in what is happening in asia on Security Technology and vice a versa and others say well, you know the relationship is there but is not going to mature into something really crucial like the third inch, and my question to the panel, and again kemal begin here as korea and japan and the u. S. Certainly is a superpower, there undertaking global issues and these global issues actually means that you have to really have local global muscle and the will, to basically do certain things like caught countries on human rights abuses. And taking stances on very unpopular issues and convincing your public this the right thing to do despite perhaps because ns korea and japan and the u. S. Go global in all of these issues were familiar with how are we going to basically pan out the countries but particular, from where you stand. As of the first observation based on your questions that i do think that the International Environment and the way that we think about Global Governance is changing in ways that highlight roles the countries like korea and japan, and play and so as i think somebody mentioned it this morning that korea will be a member nonpermanent member the un security counseling to be frank, that organizations in trouble in the un Security Council can really do much given china and russias today which means increasingly, i think that the institution and Global Governance are going to moved organizations were in place an Important Role with create like the g7 hosted in and korea was there and of course the nato and plus ap for leaders which i think it leads from the u. S. Administrations perspective, they see the this as for the first 200 for seville in the foreseeable future and i think that increases the platforms or opens up the platforms for korea and japan to play that role if it wants and president own appears to want to play this role in the one thing where i think that is your question suggests, and i dont have an answer to this, is how in this case green government do better job in terms of translating things are doing on the global stage with domestic audiences right and thats the course of the problems for the u. S. President s and evelyn Prime Minister as well and in the korean case i think especially from a given the elections coming up and given the fact that he appears to get the small bumps from these big events and of the big ones like when needs to be done to communicate that better soon just briefly, you know, victor, do you think that the korean Opposition Party today, the foreseeable future, regardless of the politics do you believe it that they are more in tune with these deep global issues or will they stick to their you know simple simon you know domestic politics, the anti japan, this bash big business and his be a little bit more from china and what you think. Well, the risk of hang a big bullseye on my head,. [laughter] and i certainly hope not right because the demonization of japan will remain. But is something weaker close it makes no sense in todays apartment wanting to build toward shyam in china continues to hold her careers had the threat of economic origin whether its you know you continuing to withhold group tourisms and things like this and is that really, you know the neighborhood you want to will the neighborhood you want to get close to it just does not seem to make a lot of sense to me and i think it was said in the previous panel, husky said it, you know that when chinese is now the fifth of the sixth studied language in the universities and korea has were going in the United States the only language that is seen an increase in undergraduate enrollment in american universities miscreants. There is only language vesta nears that every other leg which is flat because of kapok. [laughter] and kapok. [laughter] [laughter] okay, presently, all of a androgenic i realize that korea is an exporting nation and so i dont what percent of the gdp on the exports but without the exports the korean economy basically does not function. So close relations understandable close up under globalization and i think that the government understands globalization word in the public, kind of understands globalization. The Opposition Party, i just dont think they are there yet right my question to you is, is korea do think korea will be able to sustain this global agenda especially when the lines on Technology Resilience and supply chains are going to become even much more i guess firmer and more clear in the years ahead. I think korea is now heading in the direction because of young generations. How you do you define the young generations. So basically, not anybody on this panel. [laughter] [laughter] okay, the more active. Will they are here in the back yes. More active and fully working in a think more independently i think net effect of the koreans reacted to issues of global concern. In summary now, korea political and diplomatically and economically issues going we will encounter the issues over and over again but over time, i think korea is now heading into the direction of more globalization and thats globalization and now, now produce painting global concern. So that is i think one of the changes of the korean society. You think it is a positive trend. Yes, and intakes time and may not be affected directly by the changes in the political camp, through the elections over time, i think the course of it will be sustained. Okay great chris, youve been an observer japan for so long, and you have seen this beginning from the 70s, and japan did take really forward to back in the 70s and then somehow, it seemed into the 90s for example the bubble and so forth. And as you look into japan of the next lets say, late 2020s or early 2030 somebody think that japan inc. Will continue to have a very robust global agenda. I do and for all of japans problems the democrats entered graphic challenges are significant to the economy. Will koreans averse. Oh yes its true japans is further along in the age curve. And the challenges of Economic Performance and someone japan remains the Third Largest economy in the world and a vibrant hightech sector in critical player in issues like semiconductors. So japan and will continue to have for some time, and what is interesting to me, as a global and contributor sometimes would not really in the Security State by virtue of the posts were under the work policy thats whats interesting about the impact of war in ukraine, its hard to overstate the impact on japan of the conflict. Without the conflict, you would not see the National Security strategy thieves unveiled last summary noon would not see the plans to double the spinning we now see plans to acquire longrange weapons and human aussie in a program to provide military assistance. Develop next generation. Well you mightve seen that but the change wouldve been much more incremental. And so, i think what japan has sort of come to terms with over the last year, is that it has to learn to become a Global Player in security. And at this policy of exclusive supplements, is no longer sufficient. But what about pushback mystically of any of the successors, pursues the security agenda too far and cooler certainly that risk yes right, so you can go too far but what is really interesting, and the Public Opinion poll shows is very clearly, before the war started, sort of october of 2021, if you asked the public, there polls reflected this, to support increasing defense spending to the 2 percent of gdp to ultimately they wanted to do that, Something Like 30 percent support. Just 30 percent. 30 percent of october but after the war, that number spikes up to 65 percent. And i will the last, will see. But this matter of ukraine today, and it could be asia tomorrow in japan it needs to be engaged globally on Security Issues, i think that is here to stay although you may see adjusting to the trajectory over the time. You know professor lee, one of the things that i think of foreign observers korea find interesting, is that everything seems to be in soul. Like the republic of soul, it is everything. When thank you so korea grows economically, and is a greater or bigger global footprint to, all of these other players are going to be crucial because korea demographics are changing rapidly right. So from your Vantage Point, politically speaking and demographically speaking, how was i going to impact koreas global agenda Going Forward. I grew up in soul to tokyo in new york and washington and then i went to another area for my job. And then it was my kind of eyeopening moments. Now in culture with the security but however, using the polarizations, when you see the others which is kind of a sad but settling korea and is more like kind of a global phenomenal which is more understandable in this urbanization is very high but having said that gained globalization, we absolutelys in korea from the globalization without reducing kind of a well and was a kinda black position however, we still do experience this real and a realignment and structure and having had this is a challenge i do think that even though the west alliance this is unnecessary because the way you think about the issues however, if we dont create tangible things, economic gains, from the alliance of the trilateral cooperation as i mentioned earlier, so that is really kind of a challenge otherwise, it would be hard in the ordinary people, who work on the ground every day. So we do see more wyden and winery guess between like you and people who you know yes please. Yes, i entirely agree with that point in going back to your first question earlier question, about how this lays out domestically and i think theres an understanding of it certainly on the u. S. Government side and besotted last april, they you know there is clearly an argument and that you made why this alliance is good for the United States and look at all the investment going into georgia right in cassie has Government Camp and her dinner new york. Is just amazing what is going on but its gotta be two ways right and so out of this is that they try to highlight not just inward but outward investment from the United States and korea, which is a very well very important if we want this to be sustainable and has to work both ways. Will i think we have time for questions and what i would like to do is do we have microphones. Okay, now i know that we mentioned the importance of a Younger Generation and nobody in this panel really belongs to the generation z, but im going to put people on the spot on the far end of the corner, and so can anybody be brave enough to raise her hand im going to ask you a question, do you believe it globalization is in the interest of your generation at what are you going to do about it and so either somebody from Korea Foundation kenny replete back. Or Georgetown University yes sure. Okay, victor best so is true so im going to put these students on the spot. Who amongst you will be brave enough to answer that question. I think you raise your hand and there you are yes okay so so many can they give her microphone and then we will continue rather than all of us talking about the Younger Generation. Please state your name image of adrian. Of course, can you hear me. I am doctor as you mentioned, one of his georgetown students with a masters Asian Studies program. As interest of the question, you are wondering if this Younger Generation sees globalization the interest and how are you going to play a role moving forward it braided i think its interesting to reflect on that one of had much time to consider in those terms but i think our generation largely benefited as mentioned earlier, from this increased conductivity as well as endured the consequences such a landscape. So one on hand, this increase that ive seen my own childhood has been a catalyst for my choosing career path read my colleague here and i very similar career paths and point of service and a lot of that interest at point of Service Diplomacy came from increased cultural relationships and connectivity that was my motivation for wanting to join this service and create diplomacy moving forward with her that was learning a foreign language, engaging with k pop or genres of music or cultural trends. And i see this is a benefit factor in this degree connectivity but also negative consequences pretty we have seen movie or just talking about the organization a few moments ago and was seen jobs get uprooted and planted all over the world. Because cutting costs or pursuing things there in the name of economic efficiencies as opposed to human value. And so these questions are one best guided by my own personal motorist Going Forward, and i really do want to say its going to net positive as opposed to a different but a positive with that degree of nuance one that have tried and tried carefully around for saying something might regret i hope that answers your your question. Thank you for much. I what i wanted to do and victor really mentioned, the impact of the ukrainian war and how that is shifted and you mentioned that the japanese perspective on security. So lets talk about the more harsh elements of this u. S. Japan korea cooperation enhancement for example to see today, for the first time in many years, i russian north korean china cooperation. I dont want to call this new axis of evil because the cells too much like well like pase. But it is some type of a coalition and how long it will last who knows. Theyll have unique or authoritarian structures much more north korea than any of the other states but as we see this wall with very different political agendas, and growing power especially by china. Will the u. S. Korea japan relationship be able to kinda manage this kind of this cope with it what you think victor. When they want have a choice. In particular i think the relationship between in russia although withers a mutual convenience is has brought them together, i think that is something that is going to deepen in the china piece of it, we can talk about i thank you so much more complicated for china never russia, theres a lot there that both of them need from each other. And how to the three allies deal with it, is difficult said, and that the normal response and all of us here are familiar with it, we go to the un Security Council, but thats really not around anymore so can certainly coordinate sanctions among other countries. The g7 nato leaders and the source of things. But its not really clear of what we can do beyond that heard and that is i think perplexing for all of our Foreign Ministry state Department Officials about what else we can do aside and am not trying to belittle from listing more entities more individuals and more companies, then secondary sanctioning, what else can we do. Make sure victor that the u. S. And the koreans and the japanese will continue to invest more on defense, right . Absolutely. If you add the ai factor theres going to be in my personal view a new arms race that will be fueled by this eurasian giant. I think thats right. Its a battlefield or domain that we are not fully comfortable with yet. We dont know what strategic interaction looks like in that domain either. And on the defense side yes, absolutely. Chris can give you a long list of things youd like to see happen in terms of trilateral in response to dprk russia. But again as your question to suggest i dont this is something thats going away. Just when we thought it couldnt get any worse, either russia or dprk, it has gotten worse. Professor lee, as we know from the previous panel, korea depends critically on exports to china, and we depend 100 on imported oil and natural gas, right . So from our Vantage Point Economic Resilience and security is crucial. But if the political relationship between russia, north korea and china hardens and they become even more antiwest and more antijapan, at the the south korea, and the u. S. , how is a going impact koreas Economic Strategy . Well, again, i think those challenges, future challenges perhaps stemming from the ukrainian war or the russiachina dprk Cooperation Network is one of Economic Security for tree because we are raising the issues an economic perspective. And that is also one of the challenges that korea must confront Going Forward and that is where the trilateral network, trilateral operation with japan and the United States still important. And more important considering that those issues, right. One clear statement from the camp david is that three countries will confront and overcome economic coercion from any country, from any Cooperation Network against three countries, and korea. So that is one of the underpinnings that korea can rely upon Going Forward regarding was happening in europe and northeast asia. Chris, from your Vantage Point, whether it is a u. S. Japan alliance for the trilateral relationship, is this going to become do think at some ways a new acheson allies . Will this be like the new frontier that will address both Economic Security and political issues . I sorely think it has the potential to be an alliance in the factor terms if not formal terms. What the camp david agreements really do is create the strategic level architecture that will bind us together, right . The commitment to annual leaders meeting, defense ministers and secretaries, foreign minister said sequiturs, National Security advisers. What we need to think about now is how we build the operational connectivity, particularly on the defense side. What i mean by that is thinking about can would begin to think about trilateral Contingency Planning . Can we begin to think about trilateral operation of a coronation . We think about whats likely to be the expanding space of japans security policy, we are going to need new structures to integrate what our two alliances are doing together. So taking this very important strategic agreement down to the operational i think is an important task. The other point i would make, it continues to be essential all of a signal our interest and desire to build constructive and stable relations with china, that were not forming a block. It can be of law in opposition to china if china chooses to proceed down the path that it is, appears to be on but it need not be. What does relationship does enable all of us to engage beijing from a position of strength. We in the United States should be very supportive of, for example, the prospect of a trilateral leaders meeting among japan, south korea and china. So signaling that openness even as we develop the capability for a much more integrated trilateral relationship. But from beijings perspective dont you think they feel they are being encircled in some ways . Im sure that there are those who argue that but its also, the way i look at this, right, the trilateral come together if you will is that the result of magic diplomacy on the part of the Biden Administration or solely a function of the leadership of president yoon and the Prime Minister. Its also response to structural forces. Thats the reality here, even if some in china prefer not to acknowledge that. Professor lee, watch a recap, happened your expertise as expert on International Relations in this region. And i want to talk about history in the sense. The koreans and the japanese especially the koreans have had this centuries long relations with china. And not so with russia but especially with china. And regardless of whos in power in beijing or so or tokyo, there is something called end quote that kind of woes the socalled confusions of civilizations, right . So they believe that that civilizational poll is Strong Enough to maintain stability in the region, or is that becoming much weaker as we talk because of the geopolitical, economic and Technology Forces that are so strong . Interesting. I do see a generational transition absolutely for probably older generation those kind of confucianism commonality might be more how you say small kind of skin familiar even with japan. However for the Younger Generation even though im not one of them, but as far as i know speediest but you teach Younger Generations. Yes, that is what they feel, i can indicate with them. They are more confident with our regime. Thats a a very big change in clear nationalism i do think. The older generation maybe have the bonding, emotional bonding even with north korea or even you have course meeting koreans in china, or rush as well. However, again the young generation they are more familiar with this kind of rule or values we talk about. Who know, they might be more familiar with japan as long as we share similar regime or similar values and so on. I definitely do see a kind of generational transition which can be a a good thing and at e same time another child. If i can ask one more question. Unfortunately, china under xi jinping, and russia under putin, and kim jongun under the kim dynasty, heavily to emphasize their own warped version of hyper nationalism, right . I will continue as long as these regimes are in power. So were facing these three countries that are super, super ventilating nationalistic i guess aggressions, and do think that the Younger Generations in our three countries will be able to basically deal with that . Thats another like interesting question. Well, usually people who live in labor democracy its hard to be, how you say, hard to be that much kind of aggressive. Right. That kind of democracies dont fight was with each other as we know. Its not like that. Probably our Younger Generation, even though they dont like that kind of authoritarian way, but at the same time it doesnt necessarily mean lets fight against whatever the regime. So again its kind of subtle. That is why i keep emphasizing in all this more light games, economic benefits, can be a persuasion to the next generation. But there are red lines, victor, right . Of course the biggest red line is what will kim jongun do with all his Nuclear Weapons . Especially if he has tactical, for example, some relaunch Ballistic Missiles as with big he does. For example, more Cyber Capabilities as was mentioned. Of course we are concerned more about the big bang which is what might or might not happen in taiwan. So if you look at future contingencies, victor, and lets take taiwan as a case, right . Do you think the trilateral relationship will have a more robust response, or will there be more i guess wariness on the part of japan and korea to be involved in a major crises or even a mini war . So i think again i think the answer to the question is whether the what to or not they wont have to. They will have to manage this. I get with the war in ukraine i think is really change the way people think about scenarios in asia. These things should be thought of sort of remote on paper, molecular thought there would be a war and the type of what were seeing in europe, like no one thought that would happen again. Nobody did. Anything is possible. Csis has been part of these conversations. Theres lots of conversations now taking place, track two, track 1. 5 looking at how the u. S. Korea and japan are going to do with the potential for not just one but possibly two contingencies in asia. Whether its taiwan first and then korea, or it is korea first and then taiwan here if one starts how do you deter the other . Its not the conversation isnt that lets all rally around together and figure out how we fight two wars at once. Its really how do we deter in peacetime . How do we deter in peacetime should something happen one of these places that it doesnt happen in another place . That is a conversation that requires certainly from a u. S. Perspective and also from seoul and tokyos perspectives how the three militaries can Work Together in terms of coordinating peacetime deterrence. Including other ideas like taiwan is a contingency that definitely involves the United States and japan, but korea as a contingency that involves not just the United States but theres United Nations speediest so unc, and so president yoon i think certainly for the first time in august 15 speech, rig, made reference to unc rear bases. Tremendously important statement. The first of a korean president said that. Yeah. I mean come on the occasion of the august 15 speech, a timidly significant statement. As i think just again as a said the environment has quit all these impulses for the three countries to Work Together in a way that they have not had to contemplate before. We being the United States may have wanted them to think about these things but now there is really a reason to do this. So we do have this opportunity to press forward on these things. Yes, i mean theres very important election in korea coming in april and we dont know how is it going to turn out. But even if they dont turn out in favor of the ruling party, it is still important to continue work on these issues. Professor lee, i talked to not a lot of korean businessman but some of their very concerned what might are what might not happen in taiwan. So they are saying if there is a taiwan crisis, gosh, what should korea do . And from the perspective we should do nothing. But if we did nothing i think there would be a huge cost in repercussions. So from your Vantage Point as someone who studies and practices Economic Security, if there is a a Major Political crisis, i. E. , taiwan, what would be the economic measures that the three parties can take to make sure that with a more robust and resilient response . Well, its difficult to predict the future and how Korean Companies and government will respond to those contingencies. But i expect you to because you are a professor of the Seoul National university. I think there are many issues that will stem from the contingencies in taiwan, and one of which as victor just mentioned is the legal issue about the involvement of u. S. Forces stationed in korea and how they will be utilized, or in what way where korea can cooperate in that regard. Thats critical issue being discussed extensively i believe. From the perspective of economic sector, well, i think korea has learned a hard lesson for the past, say six or seven years, dealing with china and japan and to some extent the United States, here that includes deployment and continuing retaliation and export restriction from japan and many difficult issues with the United States on battery ira. Everything, semiconductors. So to those hardearned lessons korea is now i think ready to respond to those contingencies again through close cooperation and coordination with the United States of course and japan, and other allies based upon the underscored rule of law and International Law and global order. I think that is the Guiding Light for korea, whatever happens in taiwan. Thats actually quite sobering and to because you mentioned earlier the importance of ai biotechnology, caught in computing et cetera. Are all crucial technologies that were the u. S. And the japanese and koreans are leaders in. So that is a net positive. Chris, the same question to you, which is if a taiwan crisis, or if you look with the chinese are doing in the south china seas, there was a huge article in New York Times i think was yesterday that they really tried to take it over, right, from their own perspective. How is that going to impact trilateral Security Cooperation, and will that be a new beginning regardless of domestic politics . Yeah, its a great question. I think the first point to make is, its really impossible to overstate how the prospect of a taiwan conflict has become front and center in japans National Security debate. Ten years ago when i first started as a midlevel official working on the u. S. Japan alliance you couldnt talk about taiwan. Because they were even into classified setting. They were not ready, we were not ready. It was not an issue you can attach. Now it is, it is the driving force behind their defense planning and a major source of alliance discussion. In july i participate in a tabletop exercise in tokyo with a group of 15 members told open to the press about responses to a taiwan contingency and role japan booklet and role of government. Where the opposition members of sulzberger there was not which is unfortunate but as a Mainstream Group of officials could one post out the new defense minister. So much more sort of front and center and can openly be discussed. This is an example of an area with you as japan and south korea need to have a candid discussion about contingency response. The perspective in tokyo is not one that theres an expectation that the rok would play the Critical Role in the contingency but there is a desire to have a conversation about how do we sustain deterrence on the peninsula, avoid opportunistic aggression while we defeat, while we deal with it, with the china challenge. I think the sense in tokyo is theres a desire for dialogue with the rok side about that and an expectation that the rok cyber play a significant role in reinforcing deterrence and the context. Thats exactly the kind of conversation we need to begin to think about having. Professor lee, i wanted to touch upon the fact that theoretically all of this is good, right . We are cooperating because of Political Leadership in seoul and tokyo and washington. The corporations are on board. There is i guess a wealth of public support for improved ties. If you look at the number of koreans traveling to japan, its really skyrocketed. And vice versa, right . So my question to you is, if there is a major crisis in taiwan, for example, or in the south china sea, how do you see degree in public responding to a more i guess not robust but at least standing with our American Allies and japanese partners . Actually, i really i was interested in mr. Johnstone swimmer, [inaudible] but a small kind of opposite in korea probably because i taiws such a sensitive issue nowadays in korea. However, we cant think of taiwan issue crossstrait issue in two ways. One is more security is a lifeline, im sorry how im doing energy stuff, so petroleum, natural gas come all those things are shipped across the hormuz strait, south and East China Sea so something happened along the sale we are going to be really starting. So definitely more issue, collaboration with japan, not only just japan why not all kennedys . Uk, British Parliament commanded actually why not . Again korea and japan to join aukus . Definitely more Security Issues and number two is this is the tricky part. Koreans something will happen in that area. So what if north korea like another parochial or local development. We need to think about all this contingency scenario. I personally would like to actually suggest you guys to think about little bit wide unilateralism for security or for contingencies scenario. We have about 15 15 minutt but i do want to ask questions to the floor. I would like to take this opportunity if you have questions to one or more panelists, please state your questions directly. So, yes. Craig sanders. Its been an excellent panel. I had one question, secretary blinken has indicated his you and the administrations view of the larger economic the case has shifted. How do you see u. S. Japan and korea either moving towards possible wga reform or indopacific or economic form, economic arrangement moves . Or would you think our interests are different enough the ways the order evolves, we might have separate issue for pushing forward . Thank you. We will take a couple more questions either on the side or that side. Said, he always have interesting questions. Can you please give a microphone to sit . For those of you dont know, he has watched north grip at the dni like what, 30 odd years . Too long. Welcome to retirement. Give us your question or your comment. I can only think that the taiwan discussion is in its very nascent stages because, for one, or is no taiwan scenario. Theres multiple scenarios, and theres scenarios of u. S. Involvement. The scenarios of u. S. Involvement that do not require use of a least airbases if not forces from usf j and usf k. Theres no sooner i can think of that immediately upon some type of u. S. Chinese confrontation over taiwan that either japan or south korea is safe. Theres no choices about whether they get involved or not. I guess on the one hand, the fact that as chris described, the topic can be tabled but it obviously needs to be expanded in terms of its a discussion and the reality that would have to face that our allies in japan and republic of korea they are in the game and most of the scenarios that a least i can imagine. I was wondering what your thoughts are. Ill take one more question. I know there are members of the media. Scott, did you have a question . Yes, sir, please. Scott started from the council of foreign relations. Thank you. The question that have for the panel is really about, as we institutionalize this trilateralism, it comes at a potential cost to autonomy in each country. It comes with a sense of potential entrapment. And im wondering if the panel thinks that there are concerns that at this point because we have a strong threat perception that is cohesive, that may not be a problem, but is there a concern that that could become an issue in any of the three countries involved. Was a great question, i do, scott. Take one more question. Yes, maam. I am agenda for late on the asia group i had one question. Ive been following the koreajapan situation are sometime since a bit controlling of effing. Yes trilateral agenda matters, and we do understand that there needs to be some institutionalization of this trilateral cooperation but at the same time like if you look from opposition parties abuse and the general public, there are concerns economic issues. Also i think there is a large group of people who think that theyre not getting enough from japan and from the United States. And im wondering yes, there has been, yes, there has been some movements to kind of resolve the forced labor issue but nothing has really gone away. And im wondering is there any intention from the japan side to do more on that front and kind of actually try to meet korea may be halfway of those historical grievances and whatnot . Chris . [laughing] what would i say about that . Obvious i dont want to try to speak for the japanese side on this. I think the point, maybe the way i would respond to the question is, i think its a very important point that we have this, we have this leader level alignment. We now this architecture but he think the grassroots able to people peace of this is still fragile. I think thats a very fair point. And so thats not going to take place quickly. I guess what i would say i think its going to be critical for leaders on both sides to show consideration, right, about te sensitivities of the other. This is easier said than done because political pressures will push each side to take positions on things that by definition alienate the other. But it think a real test of this and the ability to sort of push it out to the Grassroots Level will be for leaders to begin to show consideration, a conscious effort to avoid make, making political hay of steps that will alienate the other, whether its use of flags or visits to things or anniversary dates and so on. I dont think this is easy and i dont think its something that takes place overnight but i do think for all the reasons we talked about here theres a basis for closer ties that if we can avoid the hot buttons can make a difference over time. Professor lim, do you great . What can koreans do to make sure the trilateral relationship is sustainable despite lingering historical legacies and political issues . Well, definitely i think we have to work simultaneously and we dont need to mix up everything. So history issues remain important for many koreans. For example, Fukushima Nuclear waste war, i have been working on nuclear for many years. So i had, which is not that blessed opportunity, but i did have the opportunity to talk about the controversial Nuclear Waste water with the media, but this is not like an flashpoints we do not like many with but that does not messily l. Majority of koreans are against the future of bilateral cooperation. I think again we need to work simultaneously. This issue, this issue, that issue. Professor lee, there was a question from the floor on the future of trilateral Economic Cooperation between the three countries, not only amongst themselves but on the global stage. What are your thoughts . That is a very good question. I think one contribution, one Critical Condition the three countries can do, for the Global Community is to institutionalize new global norms for trade issues. Wto is working but as we discussed before, todays issues are too contentious and complex to be addressed at the wto forum. Ill put it that way. So we need a new forum, a new order for these complex issues, mainly Economic Security and Global Supply chain, or resilience. That does that fit with the wto norms of today necessarily and that is where the three countries can do and that is what they can contribute to the robust discussion for other countries as well. Interestingly, theres no mention of the wto agreement at the trilateral summit at all. I think which is very indicative a meaningful. Victor . I did want to pick up on this point by ambassador lee that, and solution ive been doing some work on this. The three countries, u. S. , japan and korea, if you include australia as well, have a lot of capable and leverage when it comes to talking about countering chinas economic coercion. It is a significant i think in both the g7 leader statements, the villain a statement by nato leaders in camp david, very explicit reference to coordinating and cooperating not just to defend against but to counter can i use the word counter chinas economic coercion. Usjapankorea australia, they all depend on the Chinese Market but the four of them together make up Something Like a quarter or third of chinas total trade. These are not insignificant numbers. On scotts question about entrapment, sure, naturally when you have closer or trilateral coordination, there was always concern of entrapment. But its like whiplash, right . After november 2020 for all of a set of these allies may be worried about abandonment. [laughing] not entrapment. So, i mean, from a policy perspective you just have to work with what you have at the moment, and right now there is consensus among the three leaders to continue pushing forward. I agree theres more that could be done on the domestic side to sell this, particularly in south korea. In that regard one thing i think is as we know there stings e the ira for example, a lot of benefit to the refund the ira, particularly in the ev battery market. Eventually in the ed Vehicle Market as well ed testbed for a period of time there those that were benefiting from it couldnt say must about it domestically because there was one element in the room that needed to be said. So i think theres more opportunity there as well to sort of sell these policies domestically. So that countries, so that domestic publics and governments dont have a fear of entrapment that really see the benefits of better come from trilateral cooperation. As we and the panel one of the hallmarks of a good moderator is to end on time, or before. I point make sure that i end on time. And to make sure that we had a fun discussion. But before i conclude let me not just think are great panelists at the discussion went also from the floor, but i but i woo really, really, really gave my special thanks to the staff of the Korea Foundation who have worked so hard from their office in seoul all the way here to their office in euros and our great staff. Csis. I dont know whether victor thinks georgia contribute to ensure the defend a very remote indirect way with their professor. But these people such as ambassador to kim and others play crucial roles. Secretary blinken Prime Minister park and others, but the footwork, the daily work that goes into these are just hugely enormous capital think we thank them enough. And so please join me not only in thanking our great panelists but our great staffs from the Korea Foundation and the csis, and with those remarks i will conclude this second session. Thank you. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] this day one for looking at u. S. South korea taking a short break here. It is being hosted by the center for strategic and International Studies in washington. Live coverage on cspan2. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] thank you, present harm for your kind remarks on korea and my foundation, the Korea Foundation. Actually, csis is the first think tank Korea Foundation consider as partner for forums, so actually i came here second time. The first one, first time was in february, organize institute for forum together which is very, very successful. I think the second time with different topics now. I will make really, really impact. Particularly i really appreciate role of dr. Hamre for inviting secretary of state secretary blinken for this forum. So thank you again for your role. I am president of Korea Foundation. Its really a pleasure to come back to washington, d. C. And cohost a koreau. S. Strategic form with csis today i extend my sincere appreciation and warm greetings to the honorable secretary of state tony blinken who is coming soon and former minister of Foreign Affairs, and csis president john hamre, and Senior Vice President victor cha and also his excellent chung min, bastion of korea. Distinguished participants joining us today despite our demanding schedules. As we all know, this year, 2023 marks the seventh anniversary of allies between korea and the United States. Our i relationship has evolvem mutual defense treaty in 1953 and as extended to multifaceted well functioning alliance for 70 years. That includes 2012 koreau. S. Free trade agreement, and the most recent camp david Trilateral Partnership agreement on august 18 this year. Now korea and United States stand together a strong partners sharing common values, exchanging ideas and strategies. This partnership has been expanding beyond traditional security to cover critical areas of the economy, technology, cybersecurity, as well as global issues such as Climate Change, Public Health, development assistance. Korea and United States have become stronger allies than ever, demonstrating resilience in regional and global challenges together. And it is evident that our collaboration will continue to broaden. As we embark on two days of this forum i i am deeply honored to deliver these opening remarks in which i will highlight recent of noteworthy advancements in the bilateral relations between our two countries this year. In april president Yoon Suk Yeol and President Joe Biden held highly successful meeting leading to the release of washington declaration. Mr. Green reaffirms the constant growth and expansion of Mutual Alliance, especially this document that you establishment Nuclear Strategy group, in cg, facially launched in july, and reconfirmation of strong extended deterrence strategy within the Security Alliance. The washington declaration was reinforced by historic trilateral summit at camp david on august 18. This first ever standalone summit of leaders from korea, United States and japan marked key moment in our alliance. It provided a unique opportunity to define our extending horizons and democracies. With shared indopacific strategies aimed at upholding rulesbased International Order and forcing Cooperation Among Alliance Partners in the region. Our decision to hold regular meetings and Exchange Information trilaterally demonstrates the widening scope of koreau. S. Collaborations. Japan, Common Security threats including north Koreas Nuclear issues, maritime concerned in the region, economic and technological security matters, like Global Supply chain come in her Security Energy security Climate Change underscores the depth of our shared commitments. This series of development in our partnership make it clear that it is a success of our alliance that will transition from focusing on Korean Peninsula to addressing more substantial challenges and threats affecting indopacific region and beyond. While the Alliance Quarter minutes will continue to stand on a pull string bolstering pyongyangs consistent nucleophilic where dancing together to meet the challenges of broader indopacific regions. As global addressing the core values freedom, human rights, common good on the global station solidifying our ironclad alliance with the United States. At this juncture i i hope thae forum today provides a timely platform for candid change the and vital issues among diverse stakeholders. I am confident that ideas and opinions generated during this event will serve as Building Block for meeting challenges advancing common interest. I extend my sincere gratitude to leadership at csis for the excellent preparation of the forum, and to all distinguished participants for their contributions. Thank you. [applause] ladies and gentlemen, now we will move on to congratulate remarks by his excellency doctor jin park, theres of Foreign Affairs, republic of korea. Foreign minister jin park was in the fourth Time National Assembly Lawmaker of the Ruling People Power Party and became foreign minister in may last year. Thank you. Hello, good morning. I am a park jin, foreign minister of the republic of korea. I would like to thank president g1 han, dr. John hamre of the csis, secretary tony blinken, and all the friends and supporters of the koreau. S. Alliance for inviting me to speak at todays forum. Let me first congratulate both of the Korea Foundation and the csis on cohosting the koreau. S. Strategic forum today. I wish to recognize all that the kff and the csis have been achieving over many years to promote koreau. S. Relations and our mutual understanding. I i also wish to acknowledge the distinguished speakers and participants at this years forum. All of you have been critical to nurturing, sustaining and advancing our alliance through thick and thin. I regret that i am unable to join you in person due to other commitments as of the foreign minister. We are one week away from the 70th birthday of our alliance, the signing of the koreau. S. Mutual defense treaty on octobe. 1953. So let us pause and reflect on what korea and the United States have accomplished together during this auspicious year. The washington declaration and the camp david trilateral summit would naturally come to mind. These titles what undoubtedly have a lasting place in the history of our relationship. The term historic is often overused, but im sure everyone here would agree that president Yoon Suk Yeol state visit to the United States in april was indeed historic. It firmly put our partnership on track as a Global Comprehensive Strategic Alliance. And in the face of north korea evergrowing threats, washington declaration put forward concrete measures to bolster extended deterrence. The Nuclear Consulting Group that would launch in july is the first bilateral mechanism of its kind in the world. Back in 1953 on the very day that the koreau. S. Mutual defense treaty was signed, secretary of state John Foster Dulles stated the following words, bitter experience has taught us that weakness invites aggression, that the requirement of peace and security is the maintenance of our strength. The washington declaration fulfills the requirement. Seoul and washington have also adapted and upgraded our partnership to better meet the challenges of a changing world. Accordingly, Economic Security and cutting edge sectors have all become part and parcel of our partnership. These include biotechnology, batteries, semiconductors, quantum computing, ai, and space. Similarly, no one would dispute that the camp david trilateral summit was just as historic. The leaders of korea, the u. S. And japan opened a new of trilateral cooperation through the spirit in principles of camp david. These laid a solid Institutional Foundation for the stable and Sustainable Development of our trilateral cooperation. The commitment to consult is no less unique. Our three countries will share information, align our messaging, and coordinate our responses to various regional challenges. The promptness and depth of our consultations since the commitment was adopted is indeed noticeable. Our strong Trilateral Partnership will better enable us to shape the indopacific region in ways that are favorable to our common interests and to our shared values. Lastly, let me touch upon north korea. I would be remiss not to do so, especially given the events that took place in the Russian Far East recently. North Koreas Nuclear and Ballistic Missile development constitutes clear violation of ten u. N. Security Council Resolution starting from 1718, 1874, et cetera, all the way to 2397. Just as important, all forms of arms trade and related cooperation with north korea are also in direct breach of multiple Security Council resolution. Both present significant threats to peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, the indopacific and beyond. Attempts to seize north koreas unlawful program or to engage in arms trade with north korea must therefore stop. We sternly warn that these actions that only flagrantly violate multiple resolutions but also in danger koreas security. As president yoon has been stressing, permanent members of the Security Council including russia and china have a heavier duty to abide by binding resolution adopted by the council. I cannot emphasize this enough. Meanwhile, north korea continues to squander scarce resources on advancing its unlawful nuclear and Ballistic Missile programs. It is launching record numbers of missiles and socalled satellites when his own people are starving and suffering economic hardship. The human rights of north Korean People and security on the Korean Peninsula are closely connected. The multimillion and tens of million of dollars diverted to every Missile Launch should have been spent on improving the lives of its own starving people. North koreas actions are irrational, responsible, and immoral. Ladies and gentlemen, korea and the United States have built a thriving alliance that is among the strongest and most successful in the world. It is a partnership that over seven decades has proven how durable and adaptive it is in the face of new challenges. But this success did not come without effort. We would not have come this far without the likes of staunch supporters such as those who are present here at this forum. Once again, i extend my heartfelt congratulations and best wishes for a successful event. Thank you. [applause] [applause] good morning, everyone. And here and online can welcome to the eighth roku. S. Strategic form. My name is sectors, korea chariot victor cha, professor at georgetown. And its my distinct privilege of this morning to introduce our keynote speaker. Secretary blinken is no stranger to csis. In fact, we can count you among our most distinguished alum and you are a fellow here some 20 years ago i think it was. So for all of you junior stepped out there, there is a future after csis. You return to csis a few years later to speak about the Nato Alliance and i went back and watched that speech again. And you had less gray hair then. But you said something very important that you said that the u. S. And its allies operating quote, operating in the strategic environment, more fluid and more fraught with complexity than ever before, close quote. Those words were both prophetic and accurate in describing with the use of south Korea Alliance faces today, now just five days shy of its 70th anniversary. The war in ukraine, chinas assertive posture, north koreas wmd Campaign Among other challenges require the alliance to be operating at High Performance with all cylinders firing. Thanks to you and the administrations hard work both here and in seoul the alliance appears to be as good as its ever been. Were grateful for that and were grateful for your joining us this morning. So ladies and gentlemen, the csis statesman forum is honored to welcome the 71st secretary of state, Antony Blinken. [applause] thank you very, very much a good morning. John, wonderful to be back here. And so could be with all of you this morning i want to thank john hamre. I want to thank abbasid can for the invitation to be here. As i was walking in i heard the voice of my good friend and colleague jin park. Just want you to know that he is an exceptional colic and if so gratified to be able to work with him virtually, virtually every day. And yes, this is something a citizen of homecoming for me. Have been another 20 years ago, i have to admit to feeling a little bit jealous because im a veteran of the building on k street. So every time i walk into this building its what happened . Timing is everything. But thanks to john hamre, thanks to other colleagues, i had a couple of extremely rewarding your shoe at csis. And in particular i had an opportunity first and watched john wrote it into the tremendous intellectual force that it is today. And i benefit from expertise of an Extraordinary Community of scholars. The only reason i left is i had my arm twisted by a certain senator from the state of delaware who a just taken over the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and it is especially good to be with my friend dr. Cha. He is quite literally what of the first calls that we make whenever we need full council and regional crises and developments. We were talking just a few minutes ago, and that levelheaded response, the thoughtlessly brings everything is a tremendous source of strength. The only place he doesnt bring that equanimity is when it comes to his and my beloved new york giants. This is starting out to be a little bit of a tough year, but this forum comes at a moment of remarkable dynamism and importance for the u. S. Korea relationship. As you all know, he just a few days we will celebrate 70 years since our countries signed a mutual defense treaty. 70 years, a relationship that is going for key security appliance into a vital global partnership. One thats broadening in scope and significance seemingly every day. Now, first and foremost, thats a testament to the extraordinary close ties between our people and between our economies, to the Democratic Values and vision of the world we share, but also i believe to the leadership of President Biden and president yoon. And its a testament to the power and purpose of our diplomacy. Since day one of this administration we have worked to reengage, to revitalize, to reimagine our core alliances and partnerships. Our intense fight engagement with the republic of koreas made one of the most striking examples of how were not only deepening our alliances but also how we are weaving them together in innovative and mutually reinforcing ways across issues and across continents, and into new fit for purpose coalitions. Simply put, on so many consequential priorities for our people, for the indopacific, for the world, we are working in partnership with the republic of korea. And i think if you look at it, which have been strengthened all aspects of a partnership, starting with our security. If you go back seven decades, our two nations joined and alliance as we say forged in blood. A pact sealed by the shared sacrifice of thousands of our servicemembers who stood together, who fought together, who died together to defend koreas freedom and democracy. Ever since, our alliance has been fortified by our enduring cooperation. By the shared the spirit of katchi kapshida, we go together. Today, that commitment to mutual defense is ironclad, and that starts with extended deterrence, particularly interface of the dprks provocative actions including its Missile Launches which is a go here knows violate multiple u. N. Security Council Resolutions and undermine stability on the peninsula and beyond. Beyond the launches of themselves, the dprk threats to broader its security were demonstrated clearly by kim jonguns visit to moscow this month. Now, we are seeing this as a twoway street that is increasingly dangerous. With on the one hand, a russian desperate to find equipment, supplies, technology for its ongoing aggression against ukraine, but also a dprk that is looking for help to strengthen and advance its own missile programs. We are working handinhand with other partners and i lies to highlight the dangers ways russia and north koreas military cooperation threaten global peace and security. In april President Biden and president yoon pledge to significant strengthen u. S. Rok coordination to the washington declaration. Committing to engage in deeper cooperative decisionmaking a Nuclear Deterrent including through enhanced dialogue and enhanced information sharing. Discussing Nuclear Institution planning, enhancing the visibility of your Strategic Asset to plymouth to the Korean Peninsula, including by restarting port visits of Nuclear Capable submarines and expanding the cooperation coronation between our militaries. Already in just the space of a few months, we are translating the declaration into concrete action. Earlier this summer for the first time in four decades the Nuclear Capable subbing mayport in tucson. The nuclear cultic group created by the washington declaration had its first meeting in july, and this month the u. S. Rok extended deterrence strategy and Consultation Group held its second meeting already in seoul. Last month i think as you all saw President Biden hosted president yoon and Prime Minister for a historic camp david summit. Now, we all tend to throw around the historic a little dizzy but i think this will gingerly meets the definition. It really did mark the start of a new era in trilateral Cooperation Among our countries. Just over the last year korea and japan to continue to address difficult and sensitive issues of history while pursuing an increasingly ambitious and affirmative agenda. And this starts with the political courage and personal commitment on their leaders. At the summit our leaders discuss how to strengthen cooperation on a range of shared priorities. We committed to consult with one another expeditiously, to coordinate our responses to threats to our collective security and interests. On the north Korean Nuclear front our countries agreed on practical ways to improve our joint responses through the realtime sharing of dprk Missile Warning data, trilateral defense exercises, and efforts count at the dprks malicious cyber activities, a growing challenge which find its wmd and Ballistic Missile programs. We had the opportunity to demonstrate and has trilateral cooperation in response to dprks second failed attempted to put a satellite launch vehicle earlier this month can make a difference. At camp david the leaders emphasize our shared commitment to a rulesbased order. That includes freedom of navigation, peaceful resolution of disputes, they also reaffirm the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait as an indispensable element of security and prosperity for the entire international community. Our Security Alliance is essential. Its at the foundation of our partnership but its not the only element that makes our relationship so consequential. We are also intensifying economic partnership. Since the course of Free Trade Agreement was approved, bilateral trade has surged dramatically. Over the last two years alone Korean Companies invested more than 100 billion in the in the United States, driving innovation, creating good jobs, americans and korean workers alike. In bay city, michigan, at the css facility which provides key inputs for semiconductors, we brought korean and American Innovation together to drive even greater growth for our countries. In georgia thanks to the inflation reduction act, how much does you said about 2. 5 billion plan to make solar panels that will support thousands of local jobs and the global transition to a green economy. Investments like these in each others countries and workers are critical for strengthening our supply chain and reducing our reliance on unreliable suppliers. We are also working together to power inclusive, sustainable, shared Economic Growth across the entire into pacific region. Together through the 14 country into pacific Economic Framework for prosperity where supporting a race to the top on issues that are shaping the 21st century economy, including supply chain resilience, clean energy transition, digital connectivity good afternoon. Welcome to everyone here as well as our audience online. For those online, welcome to the eighth see csis strategic fn korea. My name is victor cha, Senior Vice President for asia and korea chair at csis, and professor at georgetown. And it is indeed my distinct privilege to introduce our keynote speaker, senator chris van hollen. Senator van hollen was elected to the u. S. Senate representing the great state of maryland in november 2016. 2016. A previous he served in the house of representatives representing marylands eighth congressional district. He currently serves as chairman of the Senate Foreign relations subcommittee on east asia, the pacific and at a National Cybersecurity policy. Senator van hollen has been a tireless advocate of a strong u. S. Korea alliance initial on the korea caucus. In the senate ds cosponsored important legislation can didnt north korean human rights abuses and imposing sanctions and banking restrictions on north korea for its proliferation behavior and human rights abuses. Abuses. This past april and defense of President Bidens state visit welcoming the south korean president senator van hollen introduced a bipartisan resolution recognizing the 70th anniversary of the u. S. Korea alliance. The senator said quote over the last 70 years a strong bonds that are built, and built between the United States and the republic of korea have resulted in countless economic diplomatic and Strategic Benefits to our two nations. On this anniversary celebrate our common values and the progress we made together, and we recommit to this partnership between our countries that serves as the linchpin for peace and prosperity in the region. Ladies and gentlemen, there is no stronger support of the u. S. Korea alliance. Please welcome senator chris van hollen. [applause] good afternoon, everybody. And let me start by thanking you, dr. Cha, for moderating a discussion that we will have shortly, and to csis and the Korea Foundation for bringing us together today for this important conversation. Let me say at the start that im sure many of you are wondering whether congress will avoid a shameful and unnecessary Government Shutdown starting october 1, and a happy to discuss that during the question period if there are any questions on that. I will say that even more important from a global perspective is whether the United States will continue to provide ukraine with the Material Support it needs to defend itself against putins war. Our friends, like south korea, and our foes are all certain watching the strength and consistency of our commitment. The alliance between the republic of korea and the United States was forged in mutual sacrifice seven days ago, seven decades ago. And we are celebrating it over the next week, and remains the linchpin for peace and prosperity in east asia our partnership as those gathered in this room know is based not only on mutual security interests but also on robust trade relations, deep people to people ties and our shared values anchored in freedom, democracy, and the rule of law. As dr. Cha said i have been a good friend of south korea about my time in public service. My state of maryland is home to tens of thousands of korean americans who contribute to our communities in every dimension of life and work. In 2011 when when i serve in the house of representatives i cast my vote in support of the koreau. S. Free trade agreement, and now in the senate i am a member of the korea caucus. The first trip i took after being elected to the senate included a stop in south korea where in august 2017 i met with american and Korean Forces along the 38th parallel to thank them for being on the front lines of the defense of democracy. The u. S. Commitment to this alliance is ironclad, and we have reaffirmed it in recent months. In april President Biden and president yoon unveiled the washington declaration to reinforce extended deterrence and respond to north koreas growing nuclear threats. That same month my colleagues and i passed a Bipartisan Senate resolution to honor the 70th anniversary of our alliance and most president yoon as he addressed a joint session of congress. Although i have to say i was a little, a little disappointed that he did not sing american pie during that joint session of congress. Please let president yoon note that with coequal branches of government. But that was an important touch and its one of my favorite songs. Over the past year ive also been encouraged by the efforts of the leaders of korea and japan to heal old wounds, look to the future, and address shared challenges. I was able to participate in this first hand in may when i met a joint delegation of the Korean National assembly and japanese networks. This was facility by the United States, culminate in the historic summit hosted by President Biden at camp david with president yoon and Prime Minister to deepen our trilateral relations and bring greater peace, prosperity and security to the indopacific region. I want to salute president yoon for the politically courageous steps he took to embark on that effort. This partnership will help counter the Nuclear Saber rattling from north korea as our nations have committed to share Realtime Data on north korean Missile Launches by the end of this year. I also commend the Strong Language the latest issued in response to prcs mounting aggression in the south china sea. We must build on this system work momentum in the u. S. Rok alliance to confront a range of pressing Global Security and economic challenges. One of those global challenges is of course putins war in ukraine, which has shaken the International Order not only in europe but around the world. Autocrats across the globe, including xi jinping in china and kim jongun in north korea, are paying close attention to the collective response of the United States and our allies, and will draw lessons based on that response. As we have seen, kim jongun has gone all in with putin and is seeking to leverage russias need for supply of basic munitions to gain access to russias advanced missile technology. At the u. N. This week president yoon vowed to south korea and our allies will not, go, stand idly by, unquote. Indeed, it is important to ensure that there is a cost to the dprk refueling putins war of ms. Shaheen. Among the steps we should take is to better enforce existing u. S. And other sanctions against the dprk. I am the author of what is known as the Otto Warmbier at, tighten sanctions is north korea by applying secondary sanctions against foreign banks and entities that violate them. The United Nations has it in the fight of schemes the dprk is using to evade those sanctions in some of the firms that are aiding and abetting in that effort. Ive spoken to the department of the treasury is department of treasury about this and we need to do more to plug the gaps in the enforcement regime, including cracking down the north koreas use of crypto to evade sanctions to fund its illegal weapons program. We should also shine a brighter light on the horrendous human rights abuses in north korea. As chairman of the Senate Foreign relations subcommittee on east asia and pacific i will be exploring these questions more deeply at the upcoming hearing that im holding on the Korean Peninsula, and getting what i know will be good advice from dr. Cha who will be one of the witnesses at that hearing. Of course it is not only kim jongun was watching r response to putins aggression in ukraine, so is president xi, especially as he weighs his options in taiwan. By all accounts, she has taken note of unity of the Nato Alliance as well as south koreajapan and other democratic partners in the face of that aggression. In fact, our comparative advantage in meeting the challenges posed by russia, the prc, or other authoritarian regimes has been the strength of our alliances, and the ability to mobilize those alliances to face common threats last week ukrainian president zelensky delivered a clear message when we met in the old senate chamber. The message that this is no time to waver in our support for ukraine. President biden has proposed a supplemental request of 24 billion for ukraine, and we must make at least a down payment on that amount as part of any shortterm continuing resolution. I know there is broad bipartisan support in the United States senate for ukraine, and sufficient bipartisan support in the house to get it passed. It is no secret that Speaker Mccarthy is scared of his extreme right wing, including a vocal faction that opposes continued support for ukraine. But he must put the interests of our country and the defense of our democracy about his personal political interests. No one can say they are tough on china if theyre willing to sell out ukraine. We must use our alliances and partnerships not only to determine military aggression, but to confront economic coercion and prevent key sectors of our economies from becoming over reliant on the winds of autocrats. As you know, economic intimidation is a weapon at the prc has wielded more and more against other countries to influence their political decisions. I remember china using those tactics when i was in south korea in 2017. At that time the prc was trying to discourage south korea from deploying the thaad Missile Defense system, by banning chinese tour groups from visiting south korea and forcing nearly all of south koreas conglomerate stores in china to close. I salute south korea for its resilience in the face of these punitive measures which still have not been fully lifted, as the thaad system moves closer to full operation. It was good to see those intimidation tactics, tactics of economic coercion fail. South korea of course is not alone. Australia, between the coming of the countries have been subject to these tactics. That is why at the recent g7 summit in hiroshima were south korea was invited as a special guest, they announced the creation of the coordination platform on economic coercion so we can better Work Together to address that issue. Europe learned the hard way, that it was a mistake to become over reliant on russian oil and gas. It is a lesson we all must take to heart when it comes to the importance of diversifying critical supply chains and ensuring we are working with trusted partners when it comes to essential technologies. Whether they be advanced semiconductors or Critical Minerals for batteries and dvds. That is what it is been important that the United States and south korea Work Together as part of the Mineral Security Partnership and ship four. We must ensure that the prc does not have chokehold over the industries that will define the economy of the future. We must also Work Together to present the export of advanced cuttingedge technologies that can be used to significantly enhance the prcs military capabilities, and adopt rules to limit the deployment of capital for such limited purposes. The department of the treasury recently