Contrasting European hydrogen pathways: An analysis of differing approaches in key markets Apr 17, 2021 10:30:am Summary European countries approach the market ramp-up of hydrogen very differently. In some cases, the economic and political starting points differ significantly. by: OXFORD INSTITUTE FOR ENERGY STUDIES (OIES) Posted in: Contrasting European hydrogen pathways: An analysis of differing approaches in key markets While the probability is high that some countries, such as Germany or Italy, will import hydrogen in the long term, other countries, such as United Kingdom, France or Spain, could become hydrogen exporters. The reasons for this are the higher potential for renewable energies but also a technology-neutral approach on the supply side.