Transcripts For CSPAN3 An Evening With Julian Bond 20240622

CSPAN3 An Evening With Julian Bond June 22, 2024

Andfather was an academic president of a college in pennsylvania. School up at a quaker which was obviously an integrated quaker school. Graduated, the family moved to atlanta which he tells me was for him a terrifying experience because of all that he had heard that happens to africanamericans. He started at Morehouse College and in 1960 was a cofounder of the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which is one of the majors for those of you are not old enough to older history, one of the major activist organizations of to know your history, one of the major activist organizations of the day. The legislature was read on ran grown redrawn and he and won. The assembly of the state of onrgia declined to seat him the grounds that he had endorsed the position against the war in vietnam and indicated that people who tried to evade the draft, while he was not going to encourage them, or people who should be commended for courage. For those reasons he was not seated in the state legislature. He got akly after that 90 decision from the u. S. Supreme court that his constitutional right to free speech had been denied and he was seated in the georgia legislature. All of that made him not just a figure but an International Figure as well. In 1968 at the Chicago Convention he was nominated to be Vice President of the United States, the first time that had ever happened at a major party convention. He unfortunately had to declined the owner because the constitution says you have to be 35 and he was not yet 30. [laughter] event served in the legislature in georgia which he says he loved and would go back and do it again if he could do it for today is a week. Two days a week. [laughter] left that jobhe which was intermixed with other activities because the legislature did not meet fulltime. He has been a lecturer and a professor, he has taught since then and during his time at Harvard University and american university, the university of virginia. He has very radio and television host. Has been president of the naacp. Views here because one of the the students, Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was originally critical of was the naacp. Old and wasn too not serving the needs of young africanamericans, was not meeting the challenges of the civil rights era. Why did you go back and become the chair of the naacp in 2008 . Julian bond when i left the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and shortly thereafter it collapsed and disappeared and i was living in atlanta and was in the legislature and i looked around at the civil rights scene and the naacp was the only man standing. Years. D for is what we need is to strengthen this organization which has lasted these many years so i joined it. It as aeen a member of College Student but got away from it because i was tooled old and too too stodgy. Of thee president Atlanta Branch and got into a dispute with the chairman and lost my seat on the board of directors. Toon my seat back and help defeat him. Iran to secede i ran to suceed. Experiencenderful and we are so happy to be in los angeles. A speech this morning in which he made three observations. Membership is up for the third year in a row, resources and finances are in great shape, the budget balance for three years in a row, and Something Else he said which was good news. Trust me on this. [laughter] the organizations hale and hearty and alive and well and i am proud to be associated with it. [applause] for the Civil Rights Movement which you have been involved with for your entire life and as the share americas of the naacp, chair have. Us of the naacp, to julian bond we were joking upstairs about the headline in the onion the day after obamas election, black man gets worse job in the United States worst job in the United States. [laughter] there is more work to be done. No one can believe that barack obama could have been president if not for the work of the naacp. The work done by these people in these groups over the last several years. It was vindication that all of this effort has been worthwhile and we are happy to do it and see the results of it. He spoke at our convention in 1909 sorry, 1999, our centennial convention. Is that right . 2009. And she serves many wonderful purposes. One of them is correcting me. [laughter] warren olney i am glad you did that because i could not get it right either. She did that because i could not get it right either. Julian bond he spoke to the convention as senator obama. To us as candidate obama running for the presidency. He spoke to us as nominee for the democratic party. Having him come to us as president was a great thrill for all of us. Warren olney when he was first running and after he was nominated, there were civil rights veterans of your and my generation who seem to be resentful. Particularly because he had not lived what they regarded as the black experience. I think Jesse Jackson was the most prominent of those who seem to be unhappy in that respect. Is that important . Julian bond it is important to note. It is also important to note that reverend jackson became a strong supporter and is a strong supporter today. He will campaign again when he announces his formal campaign for reelection. Many of those people who felt that way, i felt that he would make a wonderful president. Hohad friends in chicago w kept telling me we have this wonderful state and he will be president one day. Won a coupleun and of primaries and then he won in iowa and i thought that is it. If he can win in this whitest state he can run all of the way. I became a convert on. Convert then. I did not think it was possible. He proved he could win and i was happy to support him. Warren olney we have an africanamerican family in the white house. African americans in the United States are still disproportionately suffering from poverty and ill health and poor schools and all of the other ailments that people have worked so hard to correct and in many ways succeeded in correcting but not in every way. Isnt it harder to argue for affirmative action . To argue issues of that kind . Julian bond it is a little bit harder because there is a feeling in the population that having elected a black man that these problems have been solved and gone away. And the remedies are no longer needed. Back is false thinking. Is falsethat a that thinking. The fact that a black man is in the white house does not mean that everything is fair and equal. But because many people do believe that it is hard to argue for these things but we will argue for them nonetheless. In some respects any kind of punchline. There is an nbc program a kind of. Kind of punchline. Whereis an nbc program they say howdy do you do the laundry, separate the colors from the whites and the punchline is that it is racist. Npr did a story about it. What is the significance . There is a Younger Generation that finds the word racism as a punchline. Julian bond i am not sure what it means. I heard to the npr program and read something about it but i do not know what it means. If somebody says something that is uncomfortable to you or funny to you, but you can say racism and u. S. Manager. You have made a joke. I do not get the job. Racism exists in the country so i am not sure what the significance of that is. Think that younger people are free of many of the bigotries and prejudices that older people have had over the years. I think that the generation of young people i teach College Students is much freer about associations and friends and the things they do and think then i was in my time. Do andhave a lot more to we have to do it. Warren olney there are those that argue that the reason that it is a good joke is that black to a sufficient point where they are occupying the white house and we do not have to worry about that anymore. Julian bond yes, well, if it is a big joke, it is not funny to me. I do not think it is unfunny to me, it just does not make me laugh. I do not get it. Maybe i am dense. I was host of saturday night live, so i know a joke when i see it. [laughter] julian bond but this is not a joke to me. I am not saying it is an evil statement, but i do not get it. Warren olney who did you host saturday night live with . The entertainment was a Singing Group called brick from atlanta. Warren olney Garrett Morris . Julian bond Jarrett Morris was there, all of the original cast generates morris was there, all of the original cassocks Garret Morris was there, all of the original cast exception of the chase. Except chevy chase. Warren olney what was the best line . Julian bond this is a set up. [laughter] julian bond we do a bit on the news and the premise was that says that argue tests have been around for a long time and still black students score poorly. I go through a number of explanations. Here is the test. You are going skiing in a just god gestad. Are you using number three wax . He said these tests have been around for a long time and most are not like that so why do black people do poorly on the test . And i said it is because lightskinned blacks are smarter than the workers and blacks. And he is darker skinned than me then darker skinned blacks. And he is darker skinned than me so he does this it. This double take. He says i think we have run out of time. [laughter] warren olney that was a long time ago and you are still milking these lines. [laughter] not bad. What about race politics, identity politics in the United States. What does that mean, identity politics . Why do we not think about the party as the tea party as identity politics . This is an almost entirely white phenomenon. Naacp yesterday but it looks more like naacp than southcentral. More like or the county than southcentral. Angeore like or county than southcentral. Why is it only people of color were condemned in that way . Who are condemned in that way. [applause] warren olney why is it . Julian bond some people find it objective when people of color band together in their own interests. That is thought to be hostile to the american dream. But they do not think the same thing about white people coming together for their own interest and that is because they do not think what people can do any wrong in that regard. Warren olney tell me about president obama, there was a story in the New York Times or maybe it was hillary clinton, i forget. Interviews with people involved in the Civil Rights Movement and others who were younger and were holding office, the mayor of philadelphia and other africanamerican officeholders. And the question was, do we have to vote for this guy because he is black . Do we have to support him because he is black . What do you think about it . Julian bond herman cain went to my college. Herman cain is a black man. I am not going to vote for herman cain. [laughter] warren olney one of the questions of the article is if he were elected he would be president not only of the United States but also the de facto leader of black americans. As he done a good job of both of those things . Is he both of those things . Julian bond no, and i think that was the wrong expectation. To think that he would be president of the United States and black america was too much. I do not think there is a president of black america and if there is his name is not barack obama. A good he has been president. If you did not have a pack of objectors shouting or at him if he did not have a pack of objectors shouting no at him and he would have been more successful. Will behis second term more successful than the first. [applause] warren olney people accuse him of leaving from behind. Does that mean anything to you from behind. Does that mean anything to you . Julian bond it means waiting too long. I think he faces an unusual amount of hostility from the other party, hostility from americans, many of whom are motivated because he is acting like president while black. I have never seen anything like this. I have gone through president after president after president and i have never seen anything like this. I am older than you are. Warren olney no, i am older than you are. Julian bond have you seen anything like this in your lifetime . No. Do you think it is because of racism . Warren olney absolutely. I think there are people that objectivist politics because they are philosophically opposed , they believe he should not do this because they have a philosophical argument. Julian bond i believe there are normative number of people who would not like him if he gave each of them 1000. He still would not be president for them. I prepared some questions but i cannot see them up here. From i want to go from where you just left off. To theout his attention kinds of issues that you have spent your life trying to advocate. As you disappointed you in any way has he disappointed you in any way . Julian bond yes he has disappointed me and i do not think he will be the last president to do that. [laughter] to paybond i wanted him more attention to this and that and the other thing and i was disappointed. I am not sure in the second term if he will pay as much attention as i want him to. I want attention paid to the appalling rate of black unemployment. Black unemployment is always double the rate of whites. That is the norm. That happens all of the time no matter what the economy is like. These staggering rates of unemployment are wreaking havoc on black america and i do not think he has paid enough attention. I am not going to throw him out the window because of this or say that i will never vote for him or he is a bad guy. Do you think he is shying away from those kinds of issues because she is the first black president or because of this because he is the first black president . Julian bond i do not think he wants to be perceived as the Vice President and i can understand why the black president and i can understand why. That is how you want to be thought of. If you can stop being the black president or being thought of as president. He does not want to be the black president. Warren olney i want to go back to your time in georgia in the. Egislature 20 years. How long was it before you felt you were not any longer being considered as the black ,epresentative and the leftist the unpatriotic opponent of the vietnam war . Julian bond for some people this never happened. But for most people politicians are very rational. If everybody in the front rows were voting on something and they had to get a majority and the people on this side voted one way and the people on this side voted another and these people could get one person to come over they would do it and they would be nice to a person and be nice to my wife was very personable and talk to her and promise her things that he would like. I do not mean brides. Just that when she had an bribes. The that when she had an that when shest had an argument they would be on her side. When it became clear that i was a vote and i could be for them or against them they began to Pay Attention to me and asked me to vote for them and in turn i asked them to vote for me. So i would say about two years. When you were first elected, there were eight of you elected at the same time who were africanamerican. You were the only one who was not seated. Why was that . Julian bond about a week before i was elected, i was to be seated, a young man named sammy on who worked with the sammy with the worked student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was shot in the back. And isbeen in the navy walking away from a demonstration, he comes to a gas station and wants to go to the bathroom and as he tries to do that the owner of the gas station shot him in the back and killed him. The irony of this guy losing his life in service to his country was too much. We issued an antiwar statement which at the time sounded aggressive and militant but today sounds like people are saying about the war in afghanistan, the war in iraq, just normal things. Would no caps on about it all. Not so bad at all. But sounded radical to my colleagues. They held a trial in the house odd to 12 to throw me out. I appeal this to a federal court and the judges appointed by president kennedy voted against me and the judge appointed by president eisenhower voted for me. [laughter] we built after to the United States Supreme Court and i went to the court to hear the argument and i was sitting barhe court just behind the with the lawyers in front of me and i was sitting next to my in the attorney general of georgia was making the argument that georgia had a right to throw me out because i have said things that were treasonous and seditious. I think it was judge white who said to him, is this all you have . [laughter] julian bond you have come all the way up here and this is all you have . So i said, we are winning, arent we . And he said yes you are and yes we did. 90 and i was seated the following year. [laughter] [applause] julian bond warren olney what do you feel about the current Supreme Court . Julian bond they are awful. They are not all awful but the majority is awful. You read the decision in the walmart case. Thatce scalia writes business is always hire the very best peoe. [laughter] julian bond there is no reason they would not hire the very best people. Therefore the argument the other people are making is nonsense. If you have that kind of reasoning, how can you expect anything but garbage to come out . And him and him out of his time and in other decisions they have made. And garbage came out of this time and in other decisions they have made. It is a bad court. Warren olney they are going to be there for a long time. Julian bond yes they are, unless somebody intervenes. [laughter] are notlney you talking about the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee . Julian bond no, we are gone. Warren olney what happened to the student Morehouse College<\/a> and in 1960 was a cofounder of the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a>, which is one of the majors for those of you are not old enough to older history, one of the major activist organizations of to know your history, one of the major activist organizations of the day. The legislature was read on ran grown redrawn and he and won. The assembly of the state of onrgia declined to seat him the grounds that he had endorsed the position against the war in vietnam and indicated that people who tried to evade the draft, while he was not going to encourage them, or people who should be commended for courage. For those reasons he was not seated in the state legislature. He got akly after that 90 decision from the u. S. Supreme court that his constitutional right to free speech had been denied and he was seated in the georgia legislature. All of that made him not just a figure but an International Figure<\/a> as well. In 1968 at the Chicago Convention<\/a> he was nominated to be Vice President<\/a> of the United States<\/a>, the first time that had ever happened at a major party convention. He unfortunately had to declined the owner because the constitution says you have to be 35 and he was not yet 30. [laughter] event served in the legislature in georgia which he says he loved and would go back and do it again if he could do it for today is a week. Two days a week. [laughter] left that jobhe which was intermixed with other activities because the legislature did not meet fulltime. He has been a lecturer and a professor, he has taught since then and during his time at Harvard University<\/a> and american university, the university of virginia. He has very radio and television host. Has been president of the naacp. Views here because one of the the students, Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a> was originally critical of was the naacp. Old and wasn too not serving the needs of young africanamericans, was not meeting the challenges of the civil rights era. Why did you go back and become the chair of the naacp in 2008 . Julian bond when i left the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a> and shortly thereafter it collapsed and disappeared and i was living in atlanta and was in the legislature and i looked around at the civil rights scene and the naacp was the only man standing. Years. D for is what we need is to strengthen this organization which has lasted these many years so i joined it. It as aeen a member of College Student<\/a> but got away from it because i was tooled old and too too stodgy. Of thee president Atlanta Branch<\/a> and got into a dispute with the chairman and lost my seat on the board of directors. Toon my seat back and help defeat him. Iran to secede i ran to suceed. Experiencenderful and we are so happy to be in los angeles. A speech this morning in which he made three observations. Membership is up for the third year in a row, resources and finances are in great shape, the budget balance for three years in a row, and Something Else<\/a> he said which was good news. Trust me on this. [laughter] the organizations hale and hearty and alive and well and i am proud to be associated with it. [applause] for the Civil Rights Movement<\/a> which you have been involved with for your entire life and as the share americas of the naacp, chair have. Us of the naacp, to julian bond we were joking upstairs about the headline in the onion the day after obamas election, black man gets worse job in the United States<\/a> worst job in the United States<\/a>. [laughter] there is more work to be done. No one can believe that barack obama could have been president if not for the work of the naacp. The work done by these people in these groups over the last several years. It was vindication that all of this effort has been worthwhile and we are happy to do it and see the results of it. He spoke at our convention in 1909 sorry, 1999, our centennial convention. Is that right . 2009. And she serves many wonderful purposes. One of them is correcting me. [laughter] warren olney i am glad you did that because i could not get it right either. She did that because i could not get it right either. Julian bond he spoke to the convention as senator obama. To us as candidate obama running for the presidency. He spoke to us as nominee for the democratic party. Having him come to us as president was a great thrill for all of us. Warren olney when he was first running and after he was nominated, there were civil rights veterans of your and my generation who seem to be resentful. Particularly because he had not lived what they regarded as the black experience. I think Jesse Jackson<\/a> was the most prominent of those who seem to be unhappy in that respect. Is that important . Julian bond it is important to note. It is also important to note that reverend jackson became a strong supporter and is a strong supporter today. He will campaign again when he announces his formal campaign for reelection. Many of those people who felt that way, i felt that he would make a wonderful president. Hohad friends in chicago w kept telling me we have this wonderful state and he will be president one day. Won a coupleun and of primaries and then he won in iowa and i thought that is it. If he can win in this whitest state he can run all of the way. I became a convert on. Convert then. I did not think it was possible. He proved he could win and i was happy to support him. Warren olney we have an africanamerican family in the white house. African americans in the United States<\/a> are still disproportionately suffering from poverty and ill health and poor schools and all of the other ailments that people have worked so hard to correct and in many ways succeeded in correcting but not in every way. Isnt it harder to argue for affirmative action . To argue issues of that kind . Julian bond it is a little bit harder because there is a feeling in the population that having elected a black man that these problems have been solved and gone away. And the remedies are no longer needed. Back is false thinking. Is falsethat a that thinking. The fact that a black man is in the white house does not mean that everything is fair and equal. But because many people do believe that it is hard to argue for these things but we will argue for them nonetheless. In some respects any kind of punchline. There is an nbc program a kind of. Kind of punchline. Whereis an nbc program they say howdy do you do the laundry, separate the colors from the whites and the punchline is that it is racist. Npr did a story about it. What is the significance . There is a Younger Generation<\/a> that finds the word racism as a punchline. Julian bond i am not sure what it means. I heard to the npr program and read something about it but i do not know what it means. If somebody says something that is uncomfortable to you or funny to you, but you can say racism and u. S. Manager. You have made a joke. I do not get the job. Racism exists in the country so i am not sure what the significance of that is. Think that younger people are free of many of the bigotries and prejudices that older people have had over the years. I think that the generation of young people i teach College Student<\/a>s is much freer about associations and friends and the things they do and think then i was in my time. Do andhave a lot more to we have to do it. Warren olney there are those that argue that the reason that it is a good joke is that black to a sufficient point where they are occupying the white house and we do not have to worry about that anymore. Julian bond yes, well, if it is a big joke, it is not funny to me. I do not think it is unfunny to me, it just does not make me laugh. I do not get it. Maybe i am dense. I was host of saturday night live, so i know a joke when i see it. [laughter] julian bond but this is not a joke to me. I am not saying it is an evil statement, but i do not get it. Warren olney who did you host saturday night live with . The entertainment was a Singing Group<\/a> called brick from atlanta. Warren olney Garrett Morris<\/a> . Julian bond Jarrett Morris<\/a> was there, all of the original cast generates morris was there, all of the original cassocks Garret Morris<\/a> was there, all of the original cast exception of the chase. Except chevy chase. Warren olney what was the best line . Julian bond this is a set up. [laughter] julian bond we do a bit on the news and the premise was that says that argue tests have been around for a long time and still black students score poorly. I go through a number of explanations. Here is the test. You are going skiing in a just god gestad. Are you using number three wax . He said these tests have been around for a long time and most are not like that so why do black people do poorly on the test . And i said it is because lightskinned blacks are smarter than the workers and blacks. And he is darker skinned than me then darker skinned blacks. And he is darker skinned than me so he does this it. This double take. He says i think we have run out of time. [laughter] warren olney that was a long time ago and you are still milking these lines. [laughter] not bad. What about race politics, identity politics in the United States<\/a>. What does that mean, identity politics . Why do we not think about the party as the tea party as identity politics . This is an almost entirely white phenomenon. Naacp yesterday but it looks more like naacp than southcentral. More like or the county than southcentral. Angeore like or county than southcentral. Why is it only people of color were condemned in that way . Who are condemned in that way. [applause] warren olney why is it . Julian bond some people find it objective when people of color band together in their own interests. That is thought to be hostile to the american dream. But they do not think the same thing about white people coming together for their own interest and that is because they do not think what people can do any wrong in that regard. Warren olney tell me about president obama, there was a story in the New York Times<\/a> or maybe it was hillary clinton, i forget. Interviews with people involved in the Civil Rights Movement<\/a> and others who were younger and were holding office, the mayor of philadelphia and other africanamerican officeholders. And the question was, do we have to vote for this guy because he is black . Do we have to support him because he is black . What do you think about it . Julian bond herman cain went to my college. Herman cain is a black man. I am not going to vote for herman cain. [laughter] warren olney one of the questions of the article is if he were elected he would be president not only of the United States<\/a> but also the de facto leader of black americans. As he done a good job of both of those things . Is he both of those things . Julian bond no, and i think that was the wrong expectation. To think that he would be president of the United States<\/a> and black america was too much. I do not think there is a president of black america and if there is his name is not barack obama. A good he has been president. If you did not have a pack of objectors shouting or at him if he did not have a pack of objectors shouting no at him and he would have been more successful. Will behis second term more successful than the first. [applause] warren olney people accuse him of leaving from behind. Does that mean anything to you from behind. Does that mean anything to you . Julian bond it means waiting too long. I think he faces an unusual amount of hostility from the other party, hostility from americans, many of whom are motivated because he is acting like president while black. I have never seen anything like this. I have gone through president after president after president and i have never seen anything like this. I am older than you are. Warren olney no, i am older than you are. Julian bond have you seen anything like this in your lifetime . No. Do you think it is because of racism . Warren olney absolutely. I think there are people that objectivist politics because they are philosophically opposed , they believe he should not do this because they have a philosophical argument. Julian bond i believe there are normative number of people who would not like him if he gave each of them 1000. He still would not be president for them. I prepared some questions but i cannot see them up here. From i want to go from where you just left off. To theout his attention kinds of issues that you have spent your life trying to advocate. As you disappointed you in any way has he disappointed you in any way . Julian bond yes he has disappointed me and i do not think he will be the last president to do that. [laughter] to paybond i wanted him more attention to this and that and the other thing and i was disappointed. I am not sure in the second term if he will pay as much attention as i want him to. I want attention paid to the appalling rate of black unemployment. Black unemployment is always double the rate of whites. That is the norm. That happens all of the time no matter what the economy is like. These staggering rates of unemployment are wreaking havoc on black america and i do not think he has paid enough attention. I am not going to throw him out the window because of this or say that i will never vote for him or he is a bad guy. Do you think he is shying away from those kinds of issues because she is the first black president or because of this because he is the first black president . Julian bond i do not think he wants to be perceived as the Vice President<\/a> and i can understand why the black president and i can understand why. That is how you want to be thought of. If you can stop being the black president or being thought of as president. He does not want to be the black president. Warren olney i want to go back to your time in georgia in the. Egislature 20 years. How long was it before you felt you were not any longer being considered as the black ,epresentative and the leftist the unpatriotic opponent of the vietnam war . Julian bond for some people this never happened. But for most people politicians are very rational. If everybody in the front rows were voting on something and they had to get a majority and the people on this side voted one way and the people on this side voted another and these people could get one person to come over they would do it and they would be nice to a person and be nice to my wife was very personable and talk to her and promise her things that he would like. I do not mean brides. Just that when she had an bribes. The that when she had an that when shest had an argument they would be on her side. When it became clear that i was a vote and i could be for them or against them they began to Pay Attention<\/a> to me and asked me to vote for them and in turn i asked them to vote for me. So i would say about two years. When you were first elected, there were eight of you elected at the same time who were africanamerican. You were the only one who was not seated. Why was that . Julian bond about a week before i was elected, i was to be seated, a young man named sammy on who worked with the sammy with the worked student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a> was shot in the back. And isbeen in the navy walking away from a demonstration, he comes to a gas station and wants to go to the bathroom and as he tries to do that the owner of the gas station shot him in the back and killed him. The irony of this guy losing his life in service to his country was too much. We issued an antiwar statement which at the time sounded aggressive and militant but today sounds like people are saying about the war in afghanistan, the war in iraq, just normal things. Would no caps on about it all. Not so bad at all. But sounded radical to my colleagues. They held a trial in the house odd to 12 to throw me out. I appeal this to a federal court and the judges appointed by president kennedy voted against me and the judge appointed by president eisenhower voted for me. [laughter] we built after to the United States<\/a> Supreme Court<\/a> and i went to the court to hear the argument and i was sitting barhe court just behind the with the lawyers in front of me and i was sitting next to my in the attorney general of georgia was making the argument that georgia had a right to throw me out because i have said things that were treasonous and seditious. I think it was judge white who said to him, is this all you have . [laughter] julian bond you have come all the way up here and this is all you have . So i said, we are winning, arent we . And he said yes you are and yes we did. 90 and i was seated the following year. [laughter] [applause] julian bond warren olney what do you feel about the current Supreme Court<\/a> . Julian bond they are awful. They are not all awful but the majority is awful. You read the decision in the walmart case. Thatce scalia writes business is always hire the very best peoe. [laughter] julian bond there is no reason they would not hire the very best people. Therefore the argument the other people are making is nonsense. If you have that kind of reasoning, how can you expect anything but garbage to come out . And him and him out of his time and in other decisions they have made. And garbage came out of this time and in other decisions they have made. It is a bad court. Warren olney they are going to be there for a long time. Julian bond yes they are, unless somebody intervenes. [laughter] are notlney you talking about the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a> . Julian bond no, we are gone. Warren olney what happened to the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a> . Organization after you found it and nonviolence was ultimately not really its principal organizing concept. It is wrong to say i cofounded it. There were three or five people. It continued for a number of years and it began to internally question the wisdom of nonviolence. And some members began carrying weapons. People were shooting at us and we wanted to shoot back at them. These situations seem more and the situation seemed more and more dire in the self. In theed south. It seemed normal to have a weapon for selfdefense. It is the american way. Period reallythis blossomed but it seems to be perfectly rational for my colleagues to say if somebody is going to at me i want to be able to back going to shoot at me i want to be able to shoot back. Warren olney people want to have the right to defend themselves in their homes. There is more and more opposition to gun control laws. Is that a good thing . Julian bond no, it is not a good thing. It is not a good thing. It is a good thing to say i can have a weapon in my home and until i moved to washington i have a weapon in my home, a big shotgun. I was not going to have my family unprotected. I wanted them to be able to be protected if i got the opportunity. When i moved to washington where these things never happen [laughter] julian bond i could not take my gun with me so i left it at atlanta. Warren olney talk about those days in atlanta, the early days of the student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee<\/a>. The kind of courage that it took to sit in at lunch counters, to do some of the other things that were at the time regarded as so threatening to the majority of the society. Julian bond i am not sure if it took a tremendous amount of courage to sit at the lunch counter. The chances of some harm being done to you were not slight but not sure. I sat in first in 1960, i led a group of students from the Atlanta University<\/a> center to city hall in atlanta. City hall in atlanta have a cafeteria in the basement and i let them to the cafeteria led them to the cafeteria and they had black women dishing food and you could see the women looking at us with a mixture of fear and admiration. Fear because they knew that the wasce were coming and that frightening and admiration because they have seen this in other parts of the self and were uth and were happy it was happening in atlanta. There was a white woman that said that it is for city employees. And i said you have a sign out front saying that everybody is welcome. She said we do not mean it. [laughter] julian bond i said we will stand here until you do. They called the police and they arrested us and to adjust to jail and separated us. Room. D myself in a large having us on the back and saying atting us on p the back and saying way to go. They decided to choose one person from each arrest site and i was chosen and i found myself in the courtroom standing between two men and i found out that they were my lawyers, men i had never seen before. There was back and forth between the judge and my lawyers which i did not understand and the judge said how do you plead . I was nervous about the question because on the one hand the police asked me to lose and i had not moved so i thought i was guilty of something. On the other hand i did not think that he had the right to. Sk me i did not know what the right answer was. So i returned to the lawyer on the left who was the senior of them. Who spenteroic figure his 60 or 70 years defending black people in small towns in georgia where they could not spend the night, just a wonderful, wonderful guy, and he was asleep. He was like this. [laughter] julian bond i looked at my right where the younger of the two men was, he was the protege and you said to me, not guilty, you fool. [laughter] he said to me, not guilty, you fall. [laughter] julian bond i have the wit to drop those left to view words or words or i would not be sitting here. [laughter] warren olney were you segregated . Julian bond yes, not in the cell. Warren olney you took a course from dr. Martin luther king. Julian bond one of us said Morehouse College<\/a> earlier and i heard a ripple in the crowd because you can always tell a morehouse man. What is that . Yeah, ok. Yes. [laughter] julian bond i took a course that was taught by dr. King and it was the only course that dr. King ever taught. He cotaught it at Morehouse College<\/a>. It was cotaught with the man who taught him philosophy when he was a morehouse student. I am proud of this because there were eight people in the class, two women from Spelman College<\/a> and six from morehouse. Only eight people in the world who can honestly say we were students of Martin Luther<\/a> king. Are other people in los angeles who will say that they were a student of Martin Luther<\/a> king. But unless they went to Morehouse College<\/a> or Spelman College<\/a> they are not telling the truth. If you hear them say it, you should call them on it. [laughter] julian bond he cotaught this manosophy class with a named samuel williams. Reverend williams knew more philosophy than dr. King was, this was his business. Dr. King was a philosophy student but only a student. But i remember one day, king was answering a question about somebody, plato or aristotle or somebody, and he was looking at the textbook. The other professor would read from the textbook and we would follow around. King would recite from the textbook. Plato says. And we would follow along. Thatd not a total recall he had wonderful recall, wonderful memory, could remember so much. This was a great experience. Warren olney you must have been not much older than you. Julian bond you would have been in his 30s and i would have been she would have been in his 30s and i would have been his 30s and i would have been 23. [laughter] warren olney close enough. Was the contribution of Martin Luther<\/a> king to the United States<\/a> . Among many other things i think he was one of the rare figures of the time who was able to speak in a single voice to both black and white americans and the southerners particularly in the common christianity of southerners. And to coach his message in this christian love and redemption which struck a chord in a way it did not across the country but struck a chord with southerners. He was able to engage these people even against their will in the movement for civil rights, some willingly but some hesitantly. And that was his gift. This wonderful gift for oratory. And this wonderful way of putting things into words that made it palatable for people for whom it could not be palatable if said in some other way. Warren olney what did you learn in the course . Julian bond i cannot remember a thing. [laughter] julian bond one of my classmates is the reverend amos brown who has a big church in san francisco. I have asked him what he remembers from the class and amos told me he could not remember anything either so i do not feel badly about it. [laughter] warren olney but you were there . Julian bond i was there. The class roll so i can prove it. I got a copy from amos. Warren olney do you have other heroes that are still alive . Julian bond dr. King would be a hero. I focus on the ones that are not a lot of because the life forms disappoint you. [laughter] julian bond when i was in the legislature they do this in the Los Angeles Council<\/a> and the state legislature they are always maiming highways after somebody and i was dead naming things against people who were alive. You should let them be dead before this happens. I could never win an argument of this kind. But at any rate, i cannot remember the point i was trying to make. Warren olney the question was about heroes julian bond two w heroes in particular. Dubois. I have a photo of myself and my father and my sister. Three men dressed in academic regalia and my sister. Fourthree and my sister is and standing in front of w. E. B. Dubois and the accompanying certificate dedicating us to a life of scholarship and devices through to a life of producing scholars. Sister to a life of producing scholars. [laughter] julian bond side by all three men. It is a very precious thing to have. The other would be frederick douglass. I am a great fan of frederick douglass. [applause] im always hoping that somebody will invite me to give a fourth of july speech because if they did i would recite his fourth of july speech. American slave is your fourth of july . The day that reveals more than any day of the year of the constant injustice to which he is victim. To him, your celebration is a sham. Are sounds of rejoicing empty and heartless, a thin veil to cover crimes that would disgrace a nation of savages. Search whereay and you well, go through the crowned heads of europe, and you will find never find i cannot remember the rest of it. [applause] it is one of the masterpieces of american oratory. It is a wonderful, wonderful speech. Warren olney you recently said in a speech that you do not like gay marriage, do not get you married. Married. [laughter] julian bond at the naacp of afternoon for two hours we have the third meeting of a task force that i set up three years ago on gl bt issues. Newscaster,he cnn who has just come out, was the moderator. Wanda sykes, who all of you know and love, was a panelist. And several other people were panelists. And i think we are the only Civil Rights Organization<\/a> to have done this although there is no reason why the others could not or should not. It just struck me that black americans tend to be extremely conservative about these kinds of issues. And some of it i think is a biblically based ignorance and it can only be ignorance because shall notsays thou lie with a man as one lies with a woman. We believe this is a prohibition against homosexuality. Shallcus also says thou not wear clothes of a different cloth. If you go to look at the ministers clothes they will be the wool jacket and cotton pants. Shouldnt that man be burned in hell . [laughter] julian bond it just strikes me not if your bible tells you to let people, samesex couples marry in church, then do not let them get married in your church. They will find another, decent church that will allow them to marry, or they will go to city hall. [applause] warren olney you boycotted the funeral if that is the right term, you did not go to the of Corona Scott King<\/a> because it was held that a church that did not accept gays. You said it was because she would have objected to that. Did you take any heat for that . Julian bond no heat for that. Ing was a strong supporter for gayrights and samesex marriage. She traveled around the country going to places where she could find an audience. The idea that she would be buried in this Church Pastor<\/a> by wasrend eddie long abhorrent to me. She was my nextdoor neighbor when i lived in atlanta but i could not go to her funeral at that church so i did not go. I did not get any flack from that. Nobody about who i care said anything about it. [laughter] warren olney you think that that antipathy towards gay people is changing . Julian bond i know what is changing. It is not changing fast enough but i know it is changing. And this is hard for somebody who is straight to say. If more black people would come out. If you had in black churches becoming outdated and you got people to stand a coming out day and youve got people to stand up because there is often a time where you can stand up and Say Something<\/a> and you would say r. I. M gary and you know me, i have been here for you know me and i am gay, i have been here for 20 years, and i am going to be here next week and i want you to know that and look for to seeing me. It is hard for me to say that because it is nothing i have to do but i think if more gay people would do that, it would ease the situation a great, great deal. And the enmity would begin to diminish. Warren olney i have had a lot of fun asking these questions. I think it is time to give the audience a shot. We have people with microphones. They will not hand them over to you but they will hold them in front of your face. Point, i will be hovering on the outside aisles. You have a question raise your hands and if we choose you come up to us. We asked you do not stand up and lineup behind us. We get to the first question, we are a nonprofit putting on 50 free events this year. So we will be passing around a donation bucket and we encourage you to be generous. Community ism the really important. Any gift from the community is really important. You said earlier that prior to iowa you did not think president obama would be elected president. Is that because you do not think that america was ready to embrace a black president or was reasons . Atever other you think something changed . What was it that changed. Was the former reason. I did not think america was ready. I have seen the Jesse Jackson<\/a> campaigns. And you know what happened with them. Winwhen i saw him conventionally in iowa are thought to myself perhaps this is possible. This is not a guarantee he is but it was an affirmation for me and i toppled away from wanting him to win but not wanting to give any money and not wanting to vote for him because it would be a wasted vote and all of a sudden it became possible for me. Question over here on your right. My name is sharon white. Ihave an organization and work with people that are hivpositive. Can you talk about any of your experiences or knowledge about africanamericans and hiv . Mostlybond i can talk about the naacp because beginning four years ago at each of the conventions where we have roughly 5000 people here this week from all around the country, we provided hiv testing. I kicked it off four years ago was the ceo and with the then ceo and the vice chair. We had a free testing and the kind of testing were you can tell, you do not have to testing where are you can tell, you do not have to wait, what the result was. We ran campaigns in branches and we have a branch in almost every state in the union and in most states many branches, urging people to become tested. We have done all that we can to spread information about hiv and to familiarize our constituency particularly with this disease and what they can do to avoid it and how they can react to it if they find they have contracted it. That is what we have done. It is a horrible the greatest rate of infection is among black gay men and black women, black women. Those are frightening steps, fax frightening facts. Question on the left . My name is todd koerner. Heard aboutn you and we saw barack obama win the election you have certain expectations about the resistance he would encounter in his role as the first africanamerican president. Now that we are three years into his first term, in a particularly contentious period in terms of congress and the administration, argue more or helpful are you more or less hopeful for the future of Race Relations<\/a> in this country, and has it unveiled any latent racism you may not have been expecting . Julian bond i did not expect the intensity of the opposition to him. I tried to be careful earlier. I do not think everybody opposed to barack obama is racist. The opposition is based on race. But in optimist myself was unable to anticipate the intensity and the level of opposition to him as we have seen over the last three years. I have been shocked almost daily by the capacity of the Republican Party<\/a> to say no. To willingness they have plunge the country into disaster. The fact that they do not seem to care about this. Let for the future of all of us. Disregard for the future of all of us. I was naive and optimistic to a fall. I do not want to lose my optimism but they tested me severely. [applause] you said before iowa you did not think it black arson could be elected black person could be elected. Are the republicans exploiting that . Julian bond of course they are. They know this is profitable. They have done this for years and years and years. Of older id surge laws across the country. These are deliberate attempts to tighten the noose around the ballot box. This is jim crow in a new form. [applause] fact that manye of these ideas are only available for a price this is a fax poll tax. To reinstitute that is the height of bigotry and racism. Republicans love this. Republicanart of the playbook. What is the guy from South Carolina<\/a> . There is a new book about him. The political organizer, the republican political organizer. Lee atwater. There is a new book right now and he is the father of some of this or most of this. It is like, many, many people are the fathers of this. Question to your right . When you look back on your sn cc career, what do you know about efforts of the government to plant spies . Are you surprised by what happened . Julian bond we were always right on the edge of paranoia but even paranoids have enemies. [laughter] young used to say that our offices are Recording Studios<\/a> of j edgar jover is the engineer and edgar hoover is the engineer. We weres assumed that exposed to Government Forces<\/a> behind our backs. And in the days since then we have been able to access through freedom of information reports, access to government, old state and federal. It is clear that that is what was happening. We were spied upon and listened to and illegally wiretap and wiretappedillegally and treated as if we were in a studio. Question to the left. You bring up dr. King and the Civil Rights Movement<\/a>. He was killed at a time when he was directing his message about socioeconomic inequality. I would like to find out what are your ideas about what is the biggest allstar goal and what should we be doing now . Julian bond i do not know if you have seen the New York Times<\/a> this sunday, the weekly feature with a statistical chart proving some point, had a page or most of a page dedicated to the proposition that republicans have experienced the greatest gains in membership among white, low income whites. The people most likely to be hurt by republican policies are most attracted to the Republican Party<\/a>. This is scary. This is released gary. There was a book a couple of really scary. There was a book a couple of years ago called what is the matter with kansas . It asked why people in kansas vote for things that hurt them. I did not read the book so i do not know the answer. [laughter] julian bond i wish i had. Why are people willing to vote against policies that are designed to harm them . That is what we see happen now and if it continues on this way and if they succeed it means the country will deteriorate and fall apart. Question to your right. I want to say it is an honor to have you here. I am a fan. You, i heardo ask recently about internal disagreement within the naacp and there are groups that want to open up and represent all people of color and others that want to keep it about black issues and i wonder if you have a position about that. Julian bond i am not aware of any disputes and the naacp between people who want us to defer from our mission. To mission has always been fight discrimination. Was founded to combat Racial Discrimination<\/a> and discrimination against people of color but over the 102 years we have been in existence we have defended anybody who was the victim of discrimination, no matter race or color or condition or concern. I am not aware of any attempt to say lets focus on these people or not those people. Six years ago we reinforced that we were going to fight for equality of people regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, and on down a long list of concerns. That was six years ago but that has always been not always but almost always our course of action. On the left . I was fascinated by your involvement in the film the art of the steel. It is about the privatization of the arts sector. And im wondering how you got involved in that. Julian bond not Morehouse College<\/a>, Lincoln University<\/a>. Offather was president university. A long story. Any of you seen it . A wonderful movie. My father was the president of Lincoln University<\/a> in pennsylvania and is president part of his job was going to funerals of prominent aluminized. A prominent link in man died in philadelphia and my father went to the funeral and as he was standing in front of the church he was approached either as tall white man who said i hope you are not one of those got them oddman negro preachers goddamn negro preachers. The begin to eulogize and the white man is saying to my fathers dismay in a voice loud enough to be heard in the church goddamn lie. My father discovered this is the millionaire Albert Barnes<\/a>. As a College President<\/a> it is his job to befriend him so he will give money to Lincoln University<\/a>. They chitchat after the funeral and he asked my father if he would like to drive to see his Art Collection<\/a> and my father says yes. Dr. Barnes says i want to warn you that this will be cheese and crackers. They drive out, my father following dr. Mudd barnes dr. Barnes, we arrive at his mansion and the mansion where it is housed. The meal was cheese and crackers. Dr. Barnes and my father began a friendship and relationship and dr. Barnes began admitting to lincoln students that he had this Art Collection<\/a> because dr. Barnes used his Art Collection<\/a> not as a museum but as a school where our students would learn from these enormously important works of impressionist art how to paint. This is the largest collection of french impressionist art anywhere in the world. Not just outside of france, anywhere in the world. It has been estimated at 6 billion worth of art. Dr. Barnes died before his time. He was quite elderly and was in an old Automobile Accident<\/a> and died. He changed his well so that the trustees that he named to his trust died off emily can university would get to name replacements. Sometime in the 1970s, lincoln achieved a majority on the board. To say this, i grew up at lincoln and i love lincoln, i do not think they could deal with it. Attemptsd to fight off by the pew foundation, the lyndhurst foundation, and the and the Annenberg Foundation<\/a> to take control of the art. The maneuver and got lincoln got lincoln to appoint Additional Trustees<\/a> and achieved a majority and took control. Lincoln tried to fight back but this tiny college could do pewing against the foundation, the Annenberg Foundation<\/a>, and the lyndhurst foundation. Bigmoney. These money effectivelys these people effectively stole the ark. Art. It is almost complete. There is a hearing next week in philadelphia before a judge who is the same judge who delivered awful rulings in this case over a sort of last ditch appeal filed by the students because Lincoln University<\/a> tried to sue against this happening but could not match will your for lawyer match theese leader for lawyer against these people and could not do it. For lawyerwyer against these people not do it. They eventually gave up the fight. This is really the last ditch effort to stop this and people do not think it will be successful and it is heartbreaking euros to cvr in the original location was magical. The value of private Art Collection<\/a>s is that they reflect the owners or founders tastes. Thisyou go to see the art is how they wanted it to look. Albert barnes was it still your man. Was a peculiar man. If you would write him a letter saying you were from the New York Times<\/a> and you wanted to see it he would send you a letter saying no signed by his dog. Fromu were a steelworker philadelphia he would say come here, brother, i would like to have you. My mother told me that he came to visit my father once and my sister and i were making some noise and Albert Barnes<\/a> said mn noise and godda my mother said that is my children. And Albert Barnes<\/a> said tell them to shut up. [laughter] julian bond that is how lincoln and i got involved in the fight. Question to the right . About anya question comments related to Marcus Garvey<\/a>, which is also an organization that existed. Just want to know if you have any comments. I began at the beginning of the 20th century and you cannot teach civil rights history without mentioning Marcus Garvey<\/a> and the uni. Unia. United negro improvement association. He was a jamaican who came to the United States<\/a> and at one time it was the Largest Organization<\/a> of people of color in the entire United States<\/a>. Interestingly enough, malcolm andfather was in the unia of all of his children malcolm was the only one that he took. Through the chisel surely chisolmsshirley mother was in the unia. Trace this thread to malcolm xs parents to malcolm x. Even today the remnants of this school of thought alive in black America Today<\/a>. And so i teach about Marcus Garvey<\/a>. I think he is largely a forgotten figure which is a shame because he was a powerful figure. You have nothing to lose but your chains. It was apparently a wonderful orator, a great crowd stir. He was apparently a wonderful orator, a great crowd stirrer. The left. About whato ask you are your feelings about art and music and education for children. Julian bond well, i am sorry that it seems to me that today in our Public Schools<\/a> are short changed on the art they receive, the instruction and art they receive, the music instruction they receive. They haveportunities to understand the worlds great music or even the music of their own times is slim or narrow. Project to work on a which i did not follow through ofinvolving motown with one the what is her name . She is on the city council in detroit now. Martha reeves. Thank you so much. Yes. If it was not for these two i would not be able to talk. [laughter] julian bond Martha Reeves<\/a> of vandellas heat wave, yes. She described her education because they have the Music Education<\/a> that equip children to play instruments and to learn to read music and write music and to do things that children never learned how to do. That kind of thing is missing in America Today<\/a> and is a tragedy for all of us and it will be many years before we can recapture it. You will be dancing later . Julian bond that is why i have these shoes. [laughter] question on the right. I am rick toddle. Julian bond rick tuttle good to see you my schoolmate. Rick thank you for all you have been doing. Here is my question. , can you giveer us some impression of your relationship with him when you served in the legislature i think you were in different houses. Your assessment of jimmy carter. Tle went to the Jordan School<\/a> and i went to the Jordan School<\/a>. Georgee this the school and i went to the george school. I will appear in a setting just like this and we are looking forward to it a great deal and it is great to see you. Warren olney rick tuttle is the former elected city comptroller in los angeles. Tuttle. At is another you were a very goodlooking young man, by the way. [laughter] julian bond thank you so much. Rick uni met in 63 and that summer you and i met in 63 in that summer. Julian bond you look like that rick tuttle. How strange. Tuttles. [laughter] julian bond when jimmy carter became governor i was in the legislature and i was not a big fan. I thought he was deceitful and office. Aign to win the i cannot remember who i supported but it was somebody beside him until the won the primary. He wonn the i was a yellow dog democrat. I was not pleased with him as a candidate. I dide ran for president not support him, i supported Teddy Kennedy<\/a>. I remember flying from atlanta full ofork on the bus Georgia Convention<\/a> delegates. I was the only one for Teddy Kennedy<\/a> with all of these people who play to jimmy carter. Ledged to jimmy carter. They were very nice to me. You could tell they hated me. [laughter] julian bond he was a better president i thought than a governor and we began to reconcile a little bit. I have to say he is one of the best expresident s we have ever had in this country. [applause] julian bond he deserves a lot of applause from all of us for the things that he has done. He has made a blunder or two now man who but he is a makes the world christian really sound like it means something. Somebody to be looked up to and honored, i think. At this point we will be taking the last question. We want to remind all of you that we will be having a reception in the back so please join us for drinks and a conversation with each other and our guest. One announcement, we have a wallet at the security desk. If you are missing that please pick it up. We go to the last question. Tricia. Thank you so much for being here tonight and thank you for all of your work. And your continuing legacy. You made a statement regarding as the idea that burdenedhey are not as with some of the issues that us older folk are. I just wanted to let you know about that there is an incident that happened that you might not know about. At Santa Monica High School<\/a> recently. Kidung black high school was assaulted. It involved a noose. So there has been a lot of conversation regarding that particular incident. In some peoples minds, not really enough people taking a stand against that kind of behavior. You lookdo look at at the killing of oscar grant and the killing of his friends that happened recently, can you speak to the role of the naacp in taking a stand on these kind of issues . Whether it is police abuse, the prison industrial complex, those kinds of issues. Julian bond that is a handful. Thank you. The statements i made about young people are generalities but i think nonetheless true. I think teenagers and college aged young people and people slightly older than that are relatively more free from prejudice and discrimination than was the generation immediately before them and certainly the generation before them. The use theyk in are absolutely free of discrimination and prejudice. Think aboutject this means they are absolutely free of discrimination and prejudice. When you mention celebrated and unknown incidents that pop up all over the United States<\/a>, not just here in los angeles but all over the United States<\/a>, they are all deplorable. They have been in d. C. , chicago, atlanta, everywhere they in d. C. , chicago, atlanta, everywhere. The brutality is unspeakable. And all of us ought to have a commitment to do something about them and most of all to speak out about them, to let our voices be heard. Will be thene it role of the naacp to investigate although i am glad that the naacp often does do that. To do that. At job it should be the job of all of us, all of the people in the room. When we see evil or wrong or injustice we ought to do something about it. At the very least we ought to Say Something<\/a> about it. As if we do not have it happens again we have only ourselves to blame. Thank you all very much. [applause] warren olney julian bond. [applause] [captions Copyright National<\/a> cable satellite corp. 2014] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] and with that we close the program. Bond, a leading figure in the Civil Rights Movement<\/a> and former chair of the naacp, died last weekend at the age of 75. Mr. Bond had a long career in politics, serving in the Georgia State<\/a> legislature and as cofounder of the southern poverty law center. This is American History<\/a> tv, all weekend every weekend on cspan3. On they night communicators, this summer marks the anniversary of digital television. We talk about the development of the medium in the early 1990s. 1990, most exactly 25 years ago, cbs convinced us we should submit it to the fcc for consideration as the next terrestrial broadcast standard. We were not sure we wanted to do that because we were satellite and cable guys and did not have a lot to do with terrestrial broadcast business. But we ended up doing that so all of a southern in june of 1990 our cover was blown, what all of a but sure enough a year or so later all of our competitors were essentially following us and it became a real race. Cspancommunicators on two. Many of the republican and democratic president ial candidate visited this years i was state fair. We look back to the 1988 president ial race were seven Democratic Candidates<\/a> participated in a debate at the fair. Speakers include joe biden, al gore, richard gephardt, Jesse Jackson<\/a>, bruce babbitt, paul simon, and Michael Dukakis<\/a> who went on to win the democratic nomination but lost to Vice President<\/a> george h. W. Bush in the general election. This is two hours. Thank you, i too would like to welcome everyone to the economics of america debate. The forum we believe will help people be better informed about some of the president ial candidates prior to the iowa caucuses. Getting down to business, living entries the candidates and the i asked that the be no applause","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"archive.org","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","width":"800","height":"600","url":"\/\/ia802908.us.archive.org\/21\/items\/CSPAN3_20150823_124500_An_Evening_With_Julian_Bond\/CSPAN3_20150823_124500_An_Evening_With_Julian_Bond.thumbs\/CSPAN3_20150823_124500_An_Evening_With_Julian_Bond_000001.jpg"}},"autauthor":{"@type":"Organization"},"author":{"sameAs":"archive.org","name":"archive.org"}}],"coverageEndTime":"20240629T12:35:10+00:00"}

© 2025 Vimarsana