Continuing through 2018, we mark the 50th anniversary of americas war in vietnam. In 1960 seven, hundreds of thousands of troops were on the ground in vietnam, while at home voices became more vocal. There was a large cohort of the baby boomer generation that the culture during the summer of love. To learn about these events, we now turn to to todays guest, book 1967,ks and his the year of fire and ice. Mr. Brooks is an internationally recognized author with 14 books on history. s passion for these areas of research and dates back to his childhood when the Brooks Family visited gettysburg in europe. In addition, dr. Brooks is a professor and received an undergraduate degree in history from Lasalle University and earned his masters and doctors of education degree from the university of pennsylvania. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome victor brooks. [applause] victor thank you so much for coming today. I am very honored that all of you could take from your schedules to listen to me. A little bit of the background for this book, i was 19 years was inn 1967 started and and therefore i was old enough to know what was going on in the world, but not old enough to know too much about the economy or the stock market. Is the newestat rock band, what was on tv, how i was going to get along with my parents, and so on, so this book is a combination of several things. Today from be doing my book is basically three things that are heavily related to one another. One is the Popular Culture of the time, which is undergoing an enormous change in 1967. The second is the impact of the baby boom, what is starting to be called the generation cap that is developing at this time. And finally fitting well with the exhibit here is the vietnam war, and some of the research i did on the war in 1960 seven and how it set up many of the major changes right after the end of 1967, including the tet offensive, which changed the entire course of the war. So i would like to share with you some of the Research Findings i discovered. Much of my research was done using a lot of the magazines and time, life,the newsweek, even tv guide magazine. I discovered all kinds of interesting things. I probably made a huge profit for ebay sending away for some of these things. 17 magazine and things like that. Varied group of sources i have been able to find. First of all, i want to talk about the Popular Culture of the time and how 1960 seven is such a major watershed in the 1960s. Happened is in 1967, first of all on television , is a huge technological breakthrough had just occurred. 20 years effectively after Network Television started in ofghly 1947, in the fall 1966, all three of the major networks, abc, nbc, and went over entirely to Color Television. Before this, the majority of programming was in black and white and americans were loath to buy a Color Television just to see a few programs. It cost about three to four times what a blackandwhite set cost. They thought it was not worth it. 1966, all three entirelyagreed to go to color. The only exception for a few weeks was a show called i dream andeannie, english american astronaut finds a jeannie on a bottle on the beach. In a bottle on the beach. When she comes out of the bottle, the special effects were so advanced they did not know how to put it in color yet. It was the last blackandwhite holdout, which i found interesting, so they could figure out how to get it right. The television at this time, some of the research i came up with is very interesting. First of all, how in 1959, life magazine ran a cover story in september about the new television season, in 1959. In that year, they mentioned there were a record 30 westerns as regular series, gunsmoke, bonanza and so on. I checked tv guide from that time. If you only wanted to watch westerns, if you were willing to flip channels come you could watch a western virtually the entire week. 1967, the western was becoming somewhat of a dinosaur. By 1967 is the spy concept. There is an enormous switch, partially caused by the influence of james bond movies and similar events. By 1967, the westerns are getting slowly pushed to the edge while the new shows are some of the ones you may remember if you are old enough, things like mission impossible, i spy. Another was a parity called a parody called get smart. All of these shows and many like them traded a cowboy for a glamorous spy, sometimes in Foreign Countries or in the case of the man from uncle, shot in hollywood location in which they would show Stock Footage and what have a thing with somewhere in south america and it was actually a back lot. These became the new superheroes of television. They had the characters on the man from uncle. Also, bill cosby shared top spy, which was a breakthrough at the time. The second thing is the emergence of Science Fiction for the first time as a major portion of television programming. Basically the most famous of these come because there have been so many followup movies and remakes of movies after that, is the show star trek. It started on a thursday night in the fall of 1966 and almost immediately gained quite a bit of attention. They had this fabulous pairing of mr. Spock and captain kirk, one of very emotional and the other unemotional. In essence this was almost like wagon train, except in space. Theead of moving across frontier, they were moving across the galaxy. That did well enough the other networks quickly jumped in in the head shows such as lost in space and some of the other ones that came up at that time, one was called the time tunnel, an interesting concept in which too young professors are experimenting with a time machine that throws them in the past with no way to get back to 1966 or 1967. Using Stock Footage, the First Episode they land on the titanic on its voyage. The scientists are trying to tell the captain, watch out for the iceberg, and it doesnt work. Also, the young, sexy professor falls in love with a young lady who has terminal brain cancer, so she doesnt care either way. And so on. These are the other kinds of shows that were very big. Basically, these are the two major terror Major Television formats in the new color genre at this time. In movies at the same time, amusingly, the Motion Picture industry, which at one point that was very worried when television started that no one would go to the movies anymore, by 1967, they found that had not happened. Screens, more big adult plots, more challenging plots than the television could provide food in 1967 could provide. In 1967, they were also into spy movies. Latestding one was the james bond saga, you only live twice. This particular movie was a very thing, it was made almost entirely in japan and filmed there with an almost entirely japanese cast other than sean connery. Most of the earlier bond movies had relatively wellknown actors and actresses from britain, the United States or europe. For the first time, this had all japanese actors plus james bond. It was very successful, very good special effects and so on. Yet that was not the only spy movie of 1967. There are a number of almost parodies of spy movies. For example, one of them is flint, a sequel to our man flint, which takes an american version of james bond and does it with a light touch. Whatever gadgets james bond had, flint had it times 100 or something. The plot lines are very twodimensional. Also, james coburn the same year in 1967 start in another spy movie called the president s analyst, when he had where he had the interesting job of being an analyst for the president of the United States. The plot of the movie is that every countrys secret agents want to capture him to get the information that the president has told him. It is kind of a dark comedy, but a very successful movie. Had aurn has a very very good 1967. At the same time, there is a very significant change in film to traditional areas were more movies and westerns. There is a significant change in what we might call action movies in 1967. This is that a lot of the unwritten rules of how much of violence or sexual content a movie could have started to get stretched quite a bit in 1967 in those two genres. Is a veryc example profitable movie called the dirty dozen. On the interesting concept that right before dday, 12 convicted military felons who all faced death penalties were told their sentence would be commuted if they would volunteer for a semisuicide mission to go into normandy the night before dday and go into basically a kind of camp for highranking german generals and simply go in and shoot as many generals as they can. Life magazine did a very interesting critique of the movie, and the film critic said that the movie itself was quite exciting, but he said that when you really think about it, this order to go in and simply shoot every general when they are unarmed would essentially break the geneva convention. They wondered about the morality of the order. In another sense, a number of the other movies had thatthey w, very violent thing. Some of the thrillers at this time include in cold blood, wait in till dark, how i won the war. They all had a dark side that had not been seen before 1967. One includes what we would call a serial killer. Another includes essentially a psychopath zoning in on one unprotected young lady. How i won the war was a british film in which john lennon of the beatles had a decent sized role and dies a horrifying death in the movie, slowly bleeding to death. The camera panning in on him gradually losing life. These are things that had not been done as explicitly before 1967. I found that very interesting. The other part of the Film Industry in 1967 that is fairly new is what they are starting to call the antihero. This is a hero who has a very definite dark or negative side to the individual. Bonnie andample is 1930s in which two bank robbers who killed quite a few people as Collateral Damage in the robberies, are portrayed who laugh, joke and talk their way through robberies as they shoot down officials and so on. A lot of so critics wondered if it was a good message to give, especially to young americans. It just seems too easy to do these things, and her seems to be no repercussions until the in one of the most graphic film moments to this point, they show them being shot to pieces by a fairly large number of federal agents. It was done in stop action slowmotion with blood all over. It produced an interesting response from a lot of some critics and moviegoers at the time. Another example of the antihero was cool hand luke, where paul newman plays a convict constantly trying to escape from essentially a work gang and by the end, they keep putting him in a sweat box as punishment and he keeps defying authority until he dies at the end. Another lighter look at an antihero is in the graduate, where Dustin Hoffman plays a new College Graduate who has no clue what he wants to do with his life. It is certainly fascinating how you see shot after shot where he is basically on a pool raft swimming around, lying around the Swimming Pool and he doesnt know what he wants to do. One of his neighbors and a parting keeps coming up and whispering in his air, plastics, thats the place you want to go. There is a very controversial situation where he is having an affair with his neighbors wife, who is roughly twice his age, mrs. Robinson, and it also produced two songs for some and garfunkel that year. This was the new frontier. It pushed the envelope quite a bit compared to earlier years. I found that interesting. As a something brandnew in america. As sports in Popular Culture, 1967 is a very iconic sports year. The first big reason is in july of 1966, the two arch enemies of professional football, the American Football League and national Football League essentially called a truce to their war and merged with one another into one gigantic league including both subsets. They decided the biggest part of the was that at the end of 1966 season, and early 1967, the afl and nfl champions would play each other in a bowl game. And went to madison avenue asks what would be a good name, they already had the rose bowl, sugar bowl and so on. Lets make itd the super bowl. Its incredible to see how much of a run up there was to that event. It was an unusual situation because cbs and nbc had contracts with the two leagues and it was the only time at the super bowl was on both stations. Every cbsup, in regular show, they are doing the super bowl on our channel set of the other networks, as if there would be a difference. Buildup seen as a huge was a less than spectacular ending. First of all, they put it in the los angeles coliseum, which at that time sat 90,000 people. Very difficult to sell out. Also, there was no Los Angeles Team in the super bowl. Only about 60,000 people showed up, so the cameramen were explicitly told, dont go very high with your shots, there was a lot of empty seats they did not want to show off. While it seemed to be a super challenge between the two leagues, the nfl at this point still had more talent. When the Kansas City Chiefs went out on the field against the green bay packers, they were hitting one of the most iconic football teams in history, kush by since lombardi. Coached by vince lombardi. Apparently somewhere between the end of the First Quarter and halftime, lombardi said we need to get serious and ended up a 3510 game. Not the most artistic version of the super bowl, yet it was a super bowl. It eventually went into sports history as the first one. Things would never be the same again. The nfl just got bigger and bigger and bigger in its new form of a unified league with Gigantic Television contracts, etc. Another huge event in the early part of 1967 is another dynasty like the packers. This is in westwood, california on ucla. Wooden, a presbyterian deacon, he did not drink, smoke or curse, never lost his temper, and was also rather old at this time, well in his 60s, basically directed a group of super stalls superstars to a phenomenal season. His biggest piece on the chessboard was a person called luau thunder a person eventually called Kareem Abduljabbar. He had been recruited from high school and was considered the Number One High School sensation. He was also over seven feet tall, which at that time was very, very tall. He came to ucla, and in the arcane rules of those days, he had to sit out his freshman year, he played for a Freshman Team and then started his three years of eligibility as a sophomore. 19661967 basketball season, no one came close to ucla. They won every nonleague game, every link game by huge margins. Once the ncaa tournament started, unlike most of the tournaments where they have the picks you, all of the have an office pools and everything, they couldnt do it because everybody knew who was going to win the championship, more than most years. Basically opportunity to play for the championship came to a relatively littleknown team called the university of dayton, a Catholic School in the income of ohio, which happened to have struck lightning and put together five very good basketball players. During the regular season they were quite good. On the night before easter, 1967, interestingly enough not on a network televised thing, they had to syndicate the championship. March madness was not his biggest today. Most cities carried it but it was an outside feed. The game itself was mainly watching Kareem Abduljabbar take on dayton singlehandedly if he needed to. Not a very close game. By the last few minutes, ucla is playing with dayton and not even trying to hit their shots. A remarkable championship game, but very interesting how the ucla brand becomes imprinted on College Basketball in the 1960s. This is the beginning of the error that begins that continues for the next three years. Time in professional basketball, interestingly enough, the nba has over 30 teams right now. Only 101967, there were franchises. Most cities do not have a professional basketball team. The playoffs, now they go about two months, they were much more brief. In the end, the two best teams basically pretty much met, even though the biggest rivalry in the nba at this time was a transplanted team that at one point was the syracuse nationals, amazing that in a small city like syracuse they had an nba franchise. They moved to philadelphia and became the 76ers. Their opponent was the team that had representative had untilented philadelphia three years before. To San Francisco and became the golden state warriors. The 76ers were led by will chamberlain, wilt one of the tallest players of his time, who the previous season had averaged 50 points per game. As a sideline, during his time as a warrior, he came back to philadelphia as a 76 or, and his time as a warrior, at hersheypark arena, he scored 60 points in a single game. Two weeks after that, i had become a basketball fan, i was about 13 or 14 years old, and i told my nonbeth i talked my nonbasketball fan father to go to the civic center in philadelphia, this is where the warriors played. Wilt scored 73 points. I still have the program. It was pretty impressive. The warriors have probably a deeper team, the 76ers have a superstar. It is an exciting series, it is the only time the 76ers were pushed for the whole season, and in a long playoff, going at 76ersto a sixth game, the managed to win it. , as an end to the winterspring period, the National Hockey league in 1967 had an interesting situation because it was the last year they only had six teams in the entire nhl. They are called the original six, there is now 31 teams. , basically six teams huge numbers of large cities were not represented. There were two canadian teams, the maple leafs and the canadiennes. Leafs7, the toronto maple ,