pretty much we can fend off these water droplets before ice takes place. so the surface will stay continuously ice free down to temperatures of minus 30 degrees c. >> and what are the broader implications of this? does this at some point make its way, not just for major industrial applications, into daily applications? do i have some use in my life for a life for material that repels water? >> i would think so. i would love to have my glasses, frin, repel water and not making a coating that disrupts my vision. i would like to have these coatings on shingles on the houses, on windows, you name it. aircraft engineering is of course an ultimate goal. but there are so many areas in our everyday life. >> what a great idea. we look forward to following this with great interest. thank you, joanna aisenberg from harvard university. for more information go to my blog cnn.com/ali.