frame the story of world history is quite simple. for 500 years, the west, not just the united states, it started in western europe, the west patented six killer applications that set it apart from the rest and left the rest essentially stagnating for half a millennium, and those six killer applications were in fact open source. they were available to be condition loaded by any non-western so said that wanted to. the first to do it was japan beginning in the late 19th century, and so what we're seeing actually is the fulfillment of a roughly century-long process whereby one asian country after another has downloaded the killer applications of competition, of modern science, of the rule of law and private property rights, of modern medicine, the consumer society and the work ethics. those things together are the secret things of western civilization. >> countries around the world copied the west's secret to success. that's great for global growth,