expressed increasingly openly in unbridled hate speech on the internet and in the public sphere in the home. these anti semitic acts are a distressing reminder of events eighty years ago. on the night of the ninth of november nine hundred thirty eight the nazis unleashed a wave of violence against jews. across germany thousands of synagogues jewish shops and businesses were looted and torched some one hundred jews were killed twenty six thousand were taken to concentration camps. but november the ninth is also the anniversary of two other fateful days in german history. one hundred years ago in the closing days of world war one the social democrat politician philip shined a man proclaimed a new german republic from a window of the price tag. and in one thousand nine hundred nine pro-democracy