According to a new editorial, vaccine hesitancy could seriously threaten efforts to stop the pandemic. The editorial blames vaccine hesitancy on the controversy, misinformation, a lack of confidence surrounding vaccine trial data, anxiety about vaccine safety, and historical mistrust of the medical establishment due to current or past negative treatment. They also state that there are also important differences between people who are vaccine hesitant versus people who are anti-vaccine or “anti-vaxx,” referring to definitions of anti-vaxxers as activists who deliberately spread misinformation. Health experts must communicate vaccine information with more empathy and address all vaccine questions or concerns without prejudice or bias.