Hopeful outcomes Christer Watson The pandemic in the U.S. appears to be in the end stages. Vaccines are widely available to adults and older children and appear to be working wonderfully. As we all look forward to the fall beginning of school, however, we need to be thinking ahead. Specifically, how will the virus spread when adults are vaccinated but children are not? As has been true this entire pandemic, our knowledge is improving, but not complete. An important step was a recently announced study in the town of Serrana in Brazil. The study was led by scientists from the Butantan Institute in Sao Paulo.