Nigeria: Research Terms of Reference: Joint Market Monitoring Initiative (JMMI) NGA2009 (February 2021, V1) Format 2.1 Background The conflict in northeast Nigeria over the past ten years has led to a total of 7.9 million people in need of humanitarian assistance in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY) states at the beginning of 2020 (compared to the 7.1 million recorded in January 2019). However, OCHA reports that the number has increased to 10.6 million at the end of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of cash and voucher assistance (CVA) in the BAY states (Borno, Adamawa and Yobe) was strategized beginning in 2013 and operationalized from 2014. In 2019, over 1.5 million individuals were assisted through CVA by 39 partners in the BAY states.