stuff, (FF&E as we call it), the most likely to change. Brand’s book outlines a litany of failures by architects in not heeding these changes: arguing they spend more time on the exterior than the interior (because the brief for uses is downplayed or ignored); they see buildings as fixed and final objects, inflexible and unadaptable; and they never go back to learn from what really happens in the life of the building. No post occupancy surveys are ever read. He accuses architects of being obsessed with facades, (in which he identifies the etymology of both ‘face’ and failure’), and he excoriates the hero worship of the hero image in architectural magazines. Rather, he lauds the vernacular, such as found in Bernard Rudofsky's seminal