molotov cocktail be? and -- and then, there is the risks to them which is clear. is it helpful? or in some ways, not in apurely military sense? >> it's tremendously heartening to see the people of ukraine stepping up to defend their country. it's just been inspiring to see. but, you know, trained soldiers take time to not just build individual skills but team skills that are so vital in a military organization. the other problem with civilians picking up weapons in this circumstance is we run the risk of russians seeing every ukrainian civilian as a combatant and that can lead to tragic outcomes. >> i -- i am curious in the broader picture, um, do you think what is happening in ukraine, what has happened, has exposed weaknesses in the nato' defense strategy in -- in europe in terms of containing a threat? i mean, and we have mentioned this, too. putin -- he's been sanctioned. he has been resanctioned.