nelson mandela together with his comrade, a military wing. why do they start a military wing? peaceful measures are no longer working against the oppressive apartheid regime. one of the reasons, one of the catalysts was something known as the sharpeville massacre. they are open fire armed from police. they are protesting pass laws, don't want to be arrested for not having identification on them. i remember as a little girl watching black people asked for their passes and if they didn't have them shoved into vans. it was terror not to have a pass. looking at the terrors of apartheid. this is what it was set up to try to combat. >> he was trying to help end that. >> with a peaceful means. >> the apartheid government then