action and to keep the pressure up and keep the diplomacy going forward. i think the big thing we need to see now is what is the off ramp here. if putin decides not to invade, what face-saving thing can he say about what he accomplished by doing this, even though he doesn't militarily go forward. i think we can talk about arms control treaties. we can talk about nonaggression pacts. what we can't do is we can't sacrifice the sovereignty of sovereign nations in eastern europe because putin threatened us. so i am hoping in those discussions, and they were clear about not wanting to be negotiating publicly, but what we need the biden administration to be doing with putin right now is to find those off ramps. >> okay. >> what's a plausible layout of this for putin that stops the war? >> do you believe that's where the concentrated efforts are, helping to create an off ramp or helping to brace for an invasion that may be imminent? >> yeah, i think it's both.