Value. We have to talk about manufacturing workers. Theres this recognition of the Service Sector just in terms of the question earlier about employers, a lot of what ive been doing lately has been talking to public agencies about enforcement and one of the things that comes up when i make the argument for the Broker Community organizations they havent been given a formal role in the law and we have to start thing in about the enforcement as the government does over here thats what we do together. One of the flashbacks i get from the local agencies, what do i say to the local business you all come and lets recognize that markets are always better off when employers are organiz organized. That is an argument that weekend the can win. When his employers awhether hise local level in the sectors, we have somebody that we can deal with. And without that, we just have chaos. Theres a common interest and we know this obviously through lots of labor history but its no less true today who would lead the movement. To go back to the food issue whether you are talking restaurant workers, food workers, we are talking women and one of the great models of organizing thats out there and in this room carrying across the generational model where there is a role for all stakeholders, consumers, practitioners, people receiving the service of care we talk about building a caring economy, and you talked about how the 15 the fight for 15 Movement Many were longterm caregivers and we are longterm care showers. We have to have a better idea of how to connect and keep the conversation going on how to take this implausible demand to the next level. But does anybody want to weigh in on this question . He and his colleagues are adopting a stakeholder approach so its gone from the workers to organizing Restaurant Owners and consumers to understand what they consume and the implications of what they are paying. How people are treated behind the kitchen door and in front, etc. And it extends and maybe this is where the question is coming from who picked the crops and processed food. One of the things im hearing tonight is we need to be savvy about the popular culture. Think about lets say various high points of the Movement Including the Second World War there is such an association between manufacturing jobs and the war effort. Manufacturing decent work which is pulling more women into the workforce and people of color and then pushing them out. Very mixed, but an association of work with a National Effort and its a cultural power. Its so relatable. Im not being naive about the range of interest on industrial food. It is in the complicated and trench interest for the treatment of workers. Its a long way to go but there is a tremendous power in this and i appreciate the question. I cant help but say it may be a power. David, last comment and then we will put some closing thoughts. Just to respond to some of the questions, seattle is the kind of city where there are not exactly as many farmers markets as there are mcdonalds which is a great thing. Thats really true. That being said, i wouldnt say the role of food itself was front and center in the strugg struggle. Its about the lowwage work and then expanding outwards to the gas stations and airport workers and sort of the whole we now live in a world where 15 of the fastest 20 p. 11,520 an hour and dont require any education past high school and 43. 8 of the work jobs under 15 an hour. So we are rapidly becoming a lowwage nation and that was the height issu of the issue in seae that we addressed. Washington state did away with its penalty legislation in 1988. So on a single day in 1989, january 1 from every restaurant worker in the state got a 300 raise. Guess what, we still have restaurants, despite what is it, nearly 30 years of the Restaurant Association putting out a december newsletter predicting how many thousands of jobs will be lost. Its clear that the arguments dont have Economic Resilience once you test them because the places like San Francisco and seattle have among the highest per capita number of jobs and restaurants in the united stat states. So its clear that you dont need that stuff to maintain the Restaurant Business climate. It only tipped the farm workers and Domestic Workers who were excluded and it was independent contractors and healthcare workers. Four of those groups continue to be excluded except occasionally the state legislation, eight states dont have the credit, one has collective bargaining for farm workers etc. They went on strike in the 60s and 70s and when the they wouldt go on unions and went on strike anyway thats how the watching. We are going to remain. This was a great panel. Thank you for writing this book. I have to say i cant renumber exactly what she said about the book that i know that it was really great. And i actually did read the book and it reminded me a lot of marriage, the good, the bad, the ugly for better and worse, rich and poor. It was a great read and very inspiring. I want to thank the foundation for your support of this amazing work to fight for 15 is the most important fight for Economic Justice in America Today. I know from our own experiences at the Foundation Supports that work and i also want to give a shout out to a few other significant victories in the Ford Foundation and others in the room has been a part of and it goes to the point that in addition to needing organizing and new forms of Building Worker power, we need Good Government and that this is a shout out the best Labor Department that we have had some 1938. [applause] all of you know that we have had in overtime rule and we are fighting to keep the congress from stealing wages that they finally won. I have to say we had an amazing surprising decision of the Supreme Court on the abortion restrictions and that was fantastic. But yesterday the court decided not to grant the review that the Ford Foundation supported other organizations in 20, 30 years. Finally the home care workers are guaranteed the right to a federal fair minimum wage and overtime pay. 2 million workers went to bed last night knowing that for the first time they get the same rights that most other americans take for granted. We wouldnt have this if we didnt have the Good Government supporting the work that the unions and people in the group have been doing to take advantage of this moment. I am discouraged when i look around and think of whats happening with respect to the Labor Movement but i am also super excited about what weve been able to accomplish as a community in the last several years and have to admit we are among those that thought we wanted to work in the fight for 15 of the did that report on how many people earn less than 15 and im happy to say because of the fight for 15, today one in five American Workers lives in a jurisdiction that has a 15dollar minimum wage. Over the course of two or three years that is pretty amazing. [applause] the great andrew cuomo, god bless him. Shoot for the stars. After this, mingling and have another drink. The foundation is giving away copies of davids book that we o encourage people to go online to howls powles bookstore in order copies for your family and friends and david will sign it for you. Thanks very much. [applause] conversation between the author of a newly released Nonfiction Book and the interviewer who is a journalist from a public policymaker or familiar with the topic into the opposing viewpoint. After words airs at 10 p. M. Eastern and we will take you across the country visiting book festivals from author events and parties where authors talk about the latest works. Booktv is the only network devoted exclusively to Nonfiction Books. Booktv on cspan2. Television for serious readers. The cspan radio app makes it easy to continue to follow the 2016 the election wherever you are. Its free to download from the store or google play. Get audio coverage and uptotheminute Schedule Information for cspan radio and television and podcasts times for the popular Public Affairs book and history programs. Stay up to date on all of the coverage. Cspan radio app means you always have cspan on the go. Booktv recently visited capitol hill to ask members of congress what they are reading this summer. I am a multiple reader so i read a lot of books at the same time so sometimes i will finish a book at one sitting but more often then not i read different parts of a book that one book that i finished reading relatively short time ago is this great book that i understand you did a whole segment on the millionaire and the bard. Im a big fan of shakespeare and when i saw this book i immediately picked it up and its a terrific book about a soldier that went on a spree to buy shakespeare folios and amassed a huge collection of enough materials that he created the library and its a fascinating story that ended up in washington, d. C. But im also reading the righteous mind. Its a book about communicating in a more effective way. The elephant is making all the decisions go right, left, back, forward. The writer explains what the elephant is doing and a lot of times you talk to the rider that isnt making the decisions we ought to be talking to and its a good way to remember you should be talking to the elephant making the decisions and i think in the time of the political situation arena, its important to keep in mind who we ought to be talking to. We picked up a book at the gallery and its called the accidental masterpiece. Because im a great lover of art you can see beauty in art and everyday objects and everywhere you look this is another interesting book that i just picked up. As you can see i like color and art and i do my own art and ceramics although i keep my day job. English isnt my first language and i credit a librarian when i was in Elementary School who awakened my level of reading and i remember the books she read of little kids to sit at he that wt her feet in the library and she read to us mary poppins and that brought out the level of reading which as i said is foundational. I think basically to be a good writer, you should be a reader. And im a pretty voracious reader. Is there anything else that you are reading this summer . I picked up a chase for hawk. I also read in the confederations of the stories i have on my ipad of those are things i can read when i have time. And as i said, i have a number of those on my ipad. A lightbulb went off when i read that book and i decided that maybe my life wasnt going to consist of getting married and having children and living that kind of life that i should be thinking about taking care of myself and standing in my own horizons. A fellow at the institute is the coauthor of the book equal is unfair to fight against income inequality. On afte after words he talket the book and argues that efforts to correct income inequality caused more problems than any quality itself. He is interviewed by diana of the Manhattan Institute in this hourlong program. Host i have enjoyed reading your book on equal is unfair americas misguided and its so thoughtprovoking to read from someone that says any quality isnt a problem. Could you start out by telling us why any qualit inequality isa problem . Lets start with what is economic inequality with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. It means a gap because some people are getting rich and others are getting poorer but its also the gap because people are getting rich at different rates and inequality can also rise or fall for a different reason. One reason might be people are being really productive. They are employing thousands of people that are creating tons of value by pioneering the new inventions of people get richer than me and she is i think a great teacher but is only providing economic value to a few dozen people at the time. On the other hand there are things that can increase inequality that are bad and are unjust and take advantage of people. So, bernie made madoff. The reason i say any inequality could get it through something that was fair or process that was unfair to. That is something we are challenging and saying. The hear from a middleclass stagnating what do you say about that to these people . Why is it that theyve made this such a central claim, the middleclass stagnation . Americans have a sense that we dont live in a zerosum world. This doesnt come from my expense. Amazon didnt make me worse off if need be better off if you want to convey to people w that live in this universe to live tt some up to bring others down which is what the Inequality Campaign is all about. In order to do that you have to be able to show something to the effect those at the top of care at your cost by disadvantaging and taking advantage of you and thats why this stagnation has become central. So the idea is the middleclass is stagnated to different start dates but 1979. I think that this is wildly implausible for common sense. Given all the advances in medicine in the internet and Computer Technology realm. Very few people would take that bet and the question has been what is this claim based on. Its a claim to look at the statistical aggregates. We are supposed to have this idea in our mind that i started working in 1979 and i havent gotten a raise for decades. But thats really not the scenario that we are talking about. We are talking about certain statistical categories. But statistical categories dont necessarily reflect whats happening to the individuals like you and me. Just a couple brie of brief exa. So, for instance to say it is stagnated over 40 years, the composition of food is being counted can change so we have different trends in immigration. We have seen an influx primarily from the poor countries and they come here to the United States and now they earn more than in their home country so they are better off. We are presumably unchanged. We are making whatever we were making before. And guess what is going to happen to the Median Income when you get this influx of people paying jobs its going to go down even though they are better off or you can take the fact that its household income. But the composition of household has changed over time in the 1970s we saw the rise of divorce rate. So if you are making 50,000 a year lets see who gets divorce and even if they get a raise to save 35,000 in your statistically that makes us look worse off. A lot of the factors lead to the statistics. If you look around this and take a careful look at the statistics i dont think you can justify that claim. Is there any role for taxation at all to help people at the bottom . Guest what do we need government for. There is no question about that. Im certainly not an anarchists. But the reason we need a government is to think about and go back before the Founding Fathers. The basic setup of the government was some people are born rulers and if you want to o rise up in life you have to get the favor of somebody that is one of the rulers. Before the Founding Fathers going back to those days do we . Guest thats the ultimate system when you have these entrenched politically unequal groups the insight is that each of us is equal and the government job isnt to rule us but to be the servant and protector of the rights. What happens when we protect the rights equally and your freedom and mine we are going to create different amounts of wealth. We want to go and become a teacher and that is what the successful life is. Thats what a successful life is and they want to be hedged Fund Managers and start new companies. Youre going to get inequality if we have equal freedom. Host do you think the government has a role taking the opportunity more equal by making sure they have a better education example . Guest i realize i skipped the important essence of the question which is what does the government will have to help out here but start with the quality of opportunity its been a mistake to talk about equality of opportunity because it could mean one of two things one is very good and one is very bad. That is what the political the quality we talked about moments aga momentago means the freedoms protected equally. The way that phrase has been used in the past 70 years or so is to mean any quality of initial chances of success. Is one egalitarian philosophers that if they did something so monstrous evil have unfair advantages. We have unequal opportunities. Its too keep in mind at all times and it doesnt come at anybodys expense. Malcolm gladwell wrote a popular book a few years ago in which we gave bill gates opus credit for succeeding but he went to school that had computers when nobody else is school had computers. Host hed caught up in the middle of the night and knock off to college. That is exactly right and it highlights two things. What we have been better off if bill gates didnt have access to the computers . Opportunities would have been more equal than everybody would have been a loser. Its what you do with the ones you have. A lot of the success in life is about turning things that dont look like opportunities into opportunities. One quick example. She had a business making these baby moccasins for little kids to wear and she started with this talent but she couldnt turn it into a business because she didnt have any money. She asked her brother who had a window business if she could keep the discarded window frames so shes following him around at the end of the summer term in the aluminum and thats how she started her business. If you asked if she had any opportunities you would say she doesnt have any money but because she did the responsibility for achieving it, she was able to see something that was an opportunity and then act to turn it into success and thats what you want to se