Journal article but it had a map of the state of california and and all of the locations. And then the location of automotive facilities in favor all along the same track moving from that midwest and from the south. But the lot of activity in the Silicon Valley area. Allot of automotive in that area. This is the big change. Guest one of the things that killed kodak that it stayed in rochester new york it was Great Technology bad bill all the work was digitals ober now they are in the mobility business. In that is a big part of the future dependent on Wireless Networks so you want to be where the innovators are. Is a big change and people who live and work differently i hope we can get that national will to have that conversation. Faq very much t14 will come to the l. A. Times festival of books everything connects the Building Blocks of family not family life also a host the nations weekly pied cast you have been here before you know the rules no personal recordings you can watch us on cspan when this is over we will have time for questions that the end with a book signing afterwards berger to authors are prolific professionals right t14 books brian has written bore than 40 so lets start with jonathan this is his first book bobby [applause] he has written for an outside the washington post, New York Times and has worked best they forklift driver, a summer camp director, sticker salesman, climbing instructor and a cook. S rust the longest war nominated for the book prize in science please welcome jonathan. [applause] by opening question is what is a bigger threat to the United States military . Basis or rust . Barre is a guy in the pentagon who would like you to perot that question at him he is fighting a very good fight back for about 10 years i did write bad debt was greater than all other natural disasters combined. People have asked me pink about it this way our most abundant element attacks our most important material all the time everywhere. We belong dash isis is not that. Spirit there is a shipyardti in bath of rusting vessels be . Bennett i fink they are slowly getting rid of it to. A nice way to put that. If you need rusty ships that is where you go they are polluting the base of seven cisco San Francisco causing a problem for california but we kept them because we had to but it is the lead political scenario in have been all the time. 180 billion aluminum cans manufactured every year . Ery year b. And each one has to be a perfect what happens if it is not quite. I went to achaean school of love i asked to many questions because what they do to keep it from rusting makes be some people in the industry uncomfortable because of endocrine and one resembled blood dash to structures but it is heard as the time bomb that rust from the bottom up and inside out and top down but i can probably is made with more tolerance than anything on a spaceship so every time i grabbed a key and nobody realizes how amazing that t6exp, bid if they do did they explode the tab can get you in the eye has severed peoples attendance then you have lawsuits it is ugly. And i refer to that is aro corrosion miracle every year a number of companies bears more in Energy Drinks but if you do in this seldon in a can you go to the can, manufacturers asa send it to see how corrosive bitterness if it is they will say it is battery acid change the formula we cannot put it in the t6 that is one of us seven times with all Energy Drinks. Tell me more about t6 schools in ashley big industry we are beveridge consumers pepsi cocacola anheuserbusch be people want to put their stuff in a can. So used to run by people now thme. Eyon [laughter] to beverage and food cans school i told them who live was thesaid you could not not, but then theyd been sent to be any mail to sayha welcome this is what to wear lunches included so i went. They are familiarizing people in the Beverage Industry what magic it goes silent panned why they spend one dime per canyon t6. So i did not get the diplomafron they were not happy with me but on the day my book came out the chief corrosion guys showed up by gotten any mail that awarded me that diplomadipm [applause] can you explain anything e about the rest fighters as a group . Lafayette. Broadly engineers have the wisdom that some things. Are not worth fighting and making facial hair is one of them but clearly i think it is a great position to take shaving every day is weird i have a lot of comments on amazon to say you have a mustache obsession maybe i do but twothirds of male engineers have mustache mustaches been talk to people bluestem promotion engineering is 98 percent male that is the fact. Now we move on. Gh [laughter] edward is a pulitzerie prizewinning journalist author of 14 books including our dirty love affair with trash beecher couple years ago. He has appeared in the wall street journal the New York Times and others recipient of the pen award his book called doortodoor the magnificent world ofin transportation official date is two days from now is brand new founder of 350. [applause] open with a memorable day in 2011 comedy remember this day when they closed the four 05 53 hours the First Time Since it opened in 1960 to the prediction was total disaster stay in your homes do not go out what happened . If did stop us over 53 hours but the great ironies to close all of those lanes improve traffic and pollution through Southern California it was a Great Success but after it opened opened, the field of dreams phenomenon then more cars have come and oneyear ban after that extra lane opened it to several minutes long beard to make that commutehe than before belonged or commute and 1. 3 billion so there is a myth that it will get better for does put more money into more lanes over more cars has never worked but yet we are trapped in the Ribbon Cutting love of building new liens and infrastructure what i was trying to talk about there are cheaper ways to do what that did to change peoples behavior and i thought. Carmageddon shows how you could make it better about building more stuff. I say order everything from amazon been ups brings it to my house and drives around every day anyway so that is a solution greg. And seems this is soal convenient we had a diabetic cat not a nice cat we have to buy special cat food the best places amazon but it arrived within nine hours. This same day delivery world it is terrible for traffic will kill us because the head of ups in los angeles on any given day they are moving to million packages around lhasa angeles they used to take those by the truckload to the store the average man has 120 packages now echoes 120 different places the orders ofe magnitude means more trips to move the same amount ofof goods i would say he tore his hair out he is mad and by the simultaneous desireto hae be too cute have that convenience and yet the absolute hatred to have more trucks on the road delivering stuff with the battles against knobs extending the 710 freeway in completing after four years of not connecting me. We wanted all but we dont want to pay for it to we face another carmageddon baird as they go toward this digital economy. Use suggesting it should not order so much stuff of buck. That was my last book but we do accumulate so muchom far f from afar off and that doortodoor idea came out of looking at my own habits and families in my home one day of what it takes to keep us moving with the socks and shoes and what comes from the port 34 deeper cent comes up that road we dont want to finish out of the port. And dwight it takes it is horrifying if you see how much we invest everyday. You have some statistics which i question produce a the morning cup of coffee. Allot of that coffee is a bland so what i was picking apart was the Starbucks French roast with threeyear for different types of beans but if you look at africana y and south american sources but germany is number 67 largest exporter of coffee to the United States they dont grow the beans but they go through their. Were just talking the beansan u then if you talk about but up cup of coffee on your commute it is the transportation of the water the milk the sugar the packaging the coffee maker in selfdefense but thegh footprint is larger. I did not count the cup of milk or the sugar or the machinery. So you have me on coffee but what about the smart phone . You say you say 165,000 miles . The circumferences only 25,000 how could the smart phone take 165,000. The i felt was my model but if you go to the ontario airport look on the tarmac everyday there are pallets of plain boxes under 24 hour guard with constantta surveillance they will not tell you what is in it but it is the eye fell on an everyday they come out of china stop in alaska to and el then, into ontario. Then they come out to the rest of us. G is if you the few follow the assemblytl just of the little home button assembled in china then shipped out with the transportation footprint than the Raw Materials, rare earth elements like cannot pronounce those have to be sourced from all over the world up Precious Metals it is almost all the possible to trace the Raw Materials but apple is better than most to make it public is astonishing i have a toyota the 30,000 parts went to them moon and back before the atomic ahead to 1 mile because everything is global monday by percent of shoes come through the port of los angeles from foreign comte countries everyday stuff not just exotic has a tremendous footprint but. You had some horrifying with statistics on the supertankers. Offbeat they are gleamingng d and huge when you get close by road out with a pilot uses c doesnt look that big your 2 miles away. [laughter] then the one i went was a car carrier they rolled in on and off it is a floating parking garage bigger import to come here. Fin numbers i have is 160 of those ships on the open seas emit the particular and smog causing emissions equivalent to all cars in the world it is staggering and then 4 of goal the mission as well as with anyone time 100 of the ships are docked in the port or waiting to. Com 100 and together they have greater emissions that all cars in the country it ise astonishing but it takes to move our goods. Do we feel bad yet . I got to ride in the google carpet car. A program descartes to driveuntv beware the campus is we drive along is amazing burst of all the slowest car on the road the only car in sight the speed limits are you get we are ended all the time but i n chatting with the operators who are not doing anything just monitoring with a laptope vision then they slam on the breaks he almost drops low laptop walking across the street was a Global Employee bob you think engineers are bad a fullsize laptop on his on like this and was typing as he was crossing the street and came out from between two parked cars and if that was me driving it wouldve been a flying lap top and a flying bird and it stopped on a dime. He looked up and crossed the street be but i am convinced speed would eliminate 90 percent of car crashes if that was the major motive individual transportation and was impressive. Brian born in england trade and archaeology and anthropology in cambridge. Most important of his books are the ones of historical Climate Change including the book the great warming which was a New York Times bestseller. The book was featured here at the book festival a couple of years ago. The widely praised book in Central California his new book is about how animal shaped humas history. Its called the intimate bond and in this book he writes about dogs, goats, sheep, donkeys, pigs, cattle, camels and horses. But in real life he lives with cats, fish, turtles and rabbit. He says sometimes he has had as many as 24. Please welcome back to the festival of books brian. [applause]it the most frightening conveyance he totaled 130 feet long in the an channel. He looked up and said, excuse my french, stupid bastards. Theres nothing i can do. Anyway, the conveyances and wife were the most interesting of them into the most neglected is the donkey. The donkey is a very cool animal that had a number of advantages. It is easily trained and it keeps up a very steady pace and it can be used in deserts. I have to extraordinary experiences doing this. First they have traced an ancient trail from the nile to the oasis in the middle of the sahara 200 miles. It was used for centuries and they would take these and a third of them carried far and after. Water and a third. The product that was semiprecious stones. They not only found the track but the cases of the jars and the skeletons of the donkeys and they found the camps all on the desert preserved. They were the pickup trucks of the ancient world. Much mor then the other one was much more obscure. There was a very well known trade between Northern Iraq and the town in central turkey and they found the archives with cuneiform writing. Is there anyone here and i can decipher, dont be shy. I got in with a charming gentle man in holland. We argue and coral and drink. He gave me all this information and we can even reconstruct ther correspondence. They were the same as those fa fans. But they linked the ancientnitil world. More so initially than the camel. New york is a history book. Where do you dat date the domestication of the donkey, where does it beginquotesw a lot of it is just beginning. It was in northeast africa out of the wild african donkey butt by 4100 bc in the association in egypt and they have considerable but when they looked, they found they had been overloaded and worked hard. An clearly they were suchbut, clear importance that they were very carefully. In those days in the economy they function the most tangible possession do have and a thousand years later they had a thousand apologies. Imagine the cost of looking after those. The so 3100 for the domestication of the donkey a thousand years earlier. I had this idea that it was the key to transportation. But it seems that ive been wrong about this. Youve been wrong a lot. Imagine a world where the only way of transporting things was either on peoples backs or canoes. So that made the beast extraordinarily important. The wheels came in later andin they were brought in by the mesopotamia and you have to have the animals of course later that is another world. And on the camel another creature was itself a burden. N. How many of you have read any camel . They are stormy beasts. It wasnt the camera itself which was a remarkable animal. When people put them on caravans, youve found the water and the camel took you there. But the thing that made it important of all things was the type of saddle on the back. The initial was a simple one in saudi arabia on the back, but it got better when they put the saddle on the hump because at that point you could start fighting. And even then they developed a center to cross the sahara and carry loads. Let me give you a statistic in 1492. Two thirds came from west africa across on capital back to this is an important animal. But its not for the last. At the annal animals that are os we treated like members of our own family. There is also a history to this. Theres the issue of cruelty to animals we see. Is, i was horrified by it. My wife and daughter were genuine animal lovers. They love rabbits. We have cats. My wife and me and three cats. Here was my wife come here with a cat, here was me. They criticized me an and decidy would adopt us. What horrified me a century and a half ago there were no injuries. Everything was carried by humans. If we got into the logistics of keeping safe of adelphia clean or new york clean there were a quarter of a million animals in chicago in 1880. Today we eat animals and to treat animals inhumanely although this is beginning tos change and we have all these animals. Im known as the bunny husband because im not particularly fond of rabbits. I know enough about them at this point. We realize this extraordinarychy dichotomy. I had quite a bit of trouble witwith this book because oddly enough, there isnt a great deal of literature. It is a pony that spends life underground mainly in coal mines moving the coal from the place that was taken up to the surfach and these animals that were treated reasonably well spent their lives underground but when they were shot they were brought up and had trouble adjusting. And this was a huge population. In england at once implanted there were 70,000. But this died down by about basically one or two and there were people trying to make their lives better. But what about which to them was the electric devices that you could use ondemand. Animals whether we like it or not. Erent i went to see if our panelists have any questions or comments on the presentations. My book was born on a sailboat and not realizing we bt had followed every word. [applause] i didnt g i didnt go anywhere. It was interesting because when you leave here to say to yourself i dont own this place, with landmarks would you use to get their because this is whatso pilots do. You have landmarks. Think about that when you leave if you got lost like i did among the architecture. [laughter]a nice way thats a nice way to put it. I sent it to the information people and she almost died. I am an englishman i can get away from it. Away w any other questions or comments back and forth im fascinated by the history. Was that the first domesticated transport animal . Horses are later about 4500 bc. You are talking abouyoure talkw animal but a horse assassinates mileage and they can use them but the donkey was the serious one. The auxin have to be watered. Ry the donkeys linked mesopotamia with the mediterranean. They linked egypt. They linked afghanistan with countries further south and so on and so forth and the hybrid was one of the major roman empire. Much neglected. But they are wonderful. [laughter] my wife has a horse, not on the property. [inaudible]that i thought the advantage of aluminum cans as they do not rust. I use the term oxidize at the same time all three medals oxidize or can be made in some way to oxidize. It turns white. You will see it on planes it makes it stronger. It makes it stronger until a certain point at which it falls apart. A lot of the metals form a layer on the outside and you expose it to saltwater and it keeps creeping up. Its a way of creatinghe layer layer. Theres only six ways you can protect it which is why the book is fun to do. There isnt that much you can do. I couldnt have written more. I guess i could