with low incomes, shortly after they gave birth. we recruited them there in the words of the hospital. the mothers were told that they would receive a monthly, unconditional cash gift that they would be free to spend, however they would like, no strings attached. and they would receive this gift every single month. critically, the women were put into two groups. the high cash gift group and the low cash gift group, the low cash gift receiving $20 a month. by studying the differential impact, we can actually say something about the extent to which poverty reduction causes differences in children's outcomes. >> and so what you looked at, as a dependent variable here, the outcome measurement, was the actual brainwaves of the