Transportation makes up almost 40% of greenhouse gas emissions in California, and the San Joaquin Valley Air District is offering three incentive options to mitigate the massive role passenger vehicles play. According to a 2018 California Air Resource Board report, 28% of all greenhouse gas emissions in the state are from passenger vehicles, followed by in-state power generation and heavy duty vehicles, at 9% and 8% respectively. Vehicles are also massive contributors to dangerous pollution in the Valley. Brian Dodds, program manager of grants at the San Joaquin Valley Air District said mobile sources, like transportation and farm equipment, make up for 85% of nitrogen oxide pollution, which causes brown smog and is one of two components in summer ozone creation.