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Measurement of gene expression in the brain requires invasive analysis of brain tissue or non-invasive methods that are limited by low sensitivity. Here we introduce a method for non-invasive, multiplexed, site-specific monitoring of endogenous gene or transgene expression in the brain through engineered reporters called released markers of activity (RMAs). RMAs consist of an easily detectable reporter and a receptor-binding domain that enables transcytosis across the brain endothelium. RMAs are expressed in the brain but exit into the blood, where they can be easily measured. We show that exp...

The aim of this review is to critically summarize experimental and clinical data of fibroblast growth factor-21 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

When you read about people dying of “natural causes,” it usually means that they died of heart failure ...

Tea is a steeped beverage made from the leaves of Camellia sinensis. Globally, this healthy, caffeine-containing drink is one of the most widely consumed beverages. At least 50 countries produce tea and most of the production information and tea research is derived from international sources. Here, we discuss information related to tea production, genetics, and chemistry as well as production issues that affect or are likely to affect emerging tea production in the USA. With this review, we relay current knowledge on tea production, threats to tea production, and solutions to production proble...

Reviewing the effect of metabolites on mitochondrial functions in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle aging. Read more