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Astronomers dissect the anatomy of planetary nebulae using Hubble Space Telescope images

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IMAGE: On the left is an image of the Jewel Bug Nebula (NGC 7027) captured by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2019 and released in 2020. Further analysis by researchers produced.
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Credit: STScI, Alyssa Pagan
Images of two iconic planetary nebulae taken by the Hubble Space Telescope are revealing new information about how they develop their dramatic features. Researchers from Rochester Institute of Technology and Green Bank Observatory presented new findings about the Butterfly Nebula (NGC 6302) and the Jewel Bug Nebula (NGC 7027) at the 237th meeting of the American Astronomical Society on Friday, Jan. 15.
Hubble s Wide Field Camera 3 observed the nebulae in 2019 and early 2020 using its full, panchromatic capabilities, and the astronomers involved in the project have been using emission line images from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared light to learn more about their properties. The studies were first-of-their-kind panchromatic ima ....

United States , Eric Blackman , Joel Kastner , Montez Jr , Paula Moraga Baez , Jesse Bublitz , Rodolfo Montez Jr , Bruce Balick , Adam Frank , Chesterf Carlson Center , School Of Physics , American Astronomical Society On , Green Bank Observatory , University Of Washington , University Of Rochester , Rochester Institute Of Technology , Hubble Space Telescope , Rochester Institute , Butterfly Nebula , Jewel Bug Nebula , American Astronomical Society , Wide Field Camera , Imaging Science , James Webb Space Telescope , Moraga Baez , Northern Extended Millimeter Array ,

Constructing termite turrets without a blueprint

Credit: (Image courtesy of Guy Theraulaz/Harvard SEAS)
Following a series of studies on termite mound physiology and morphogenesis over the past decade, researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have now developed a mathematical model to help explain how termites construct their intricate mounds.
The research is published in the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Termite mounds are amongst the greatest examples of animal architecture on our planet, said L. Mahadevan, the Lola England de Valpine Professor of Applied Mathematics, of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and of Physics and lead author of the study. What are they for? How do they work? How are they built? These are the questions that have puzzled many scientists for a long time. ....

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New management approach can help avoid species vulnerability or extinction

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IMAGE: New research can help ecosystem managers identify species vulnerabilities and prevent populations from becoming at risk, like the endangered Mexican gray wolf.
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Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
More than 3,000 animal species in the world today are considered endangered, with hundreds more categorized as vulnerable. Currently, ecologists don t have reliable tools to predict when a species may become at risk.
A new paper published in
Nature Ecology and Evolution, Management implications of long transients in ecological systems, focuses on the transient nature of species and ecosystem stability and illustrates how management practices can be adjusted to better prepare for possible system flips. Some helpful modeling approaches are also offered, including one tool that may help identify potentially endangered populations. ....

United States , Tessa Francis , Karenc Abbott , Mary Lou Zeeman , Andrew Morozov , Gabriel Gellner , Ying Cheng Lai , Alan Hastings , Kim Cuddington , Sergei Petrovskii , University Of Leicester , Russian Academy Of Sciences , Bowdoin College , University Of Washington Tacoma , Puget Sound Institute , Arizona State University , University Of Tennessee , University Of Guelph , Nimbios Working Group , University Of Waterloo , University Of Washington , Ocean Modeling Forum , National Institute For Mathematical , Case Western Reserve University , Santa Fe Institute , Nature Ecology ,

Simulating evolution to understand a hidden switch

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IMAGE: Using computer simulations built on reasonable assumptions and conducted under careful control, computational bioscientists can mimic real biological conditions. Starting with the original founding population (ancient phase), they can evolve.
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Credit: © 2021 KAUST; Anastasia Serin
Computer simulations of cells evolving over tens of thousands of generations reveal why some organisms retain a disused switch mechanism that turns on under severe stress, changing some of their characteristics. Maintaining this hidden switch is one means for organisms to maintain a high degree of gene expression stability under normal conditions.
Tomato hornworm larvae are green in warmer regions, making camouflage easier, but black in cooler temperatures so that they can absorb more sunlight. This phenomenon, found in some organisms, is called phenotypic switching. Normally hidden, this switching is activated in response to dangerous genetic or ....

Xin Gao , Hiroyuki Kuwahara , Population Biology , Algorithms Models , Technology Engineering Computer Science , Computer Science , க்ஷின் கொ , உயிரி தொழில்நுட்பவியல் , பாப்யுலேஶந் உயிரியல் , தொழில்நுட்பம் பொறியியல் கணினி அறிவியல் , கணினி அறிவியல் , உயிர் தகவலியல் ,

Borrowing from birds, experts reduce search times for novel high-entropy alloys to seconds

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IMAGE: Computational materials scientists at Ames Laboratory developed an evolutionary algorithm, using a hybrid version of a computer program called Cuckoo Search (CS), which mimics the brood parasite behavior of cuckoo.
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Credit: U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory
Computational materials science experts at the U.S. Department of Energy s Ames Laboratory enhanced an algorithm that borrows its approach from the nesting habits of cuckoo birds, reducing the search time for new high-tech alloys from weeks to mere seconds.
The scientists are investigating a type of alloys called high-entropy alloys, a novel class of materials that are highly sought after for a host of unusual and potentially beneficial properties. They are lightweight in relation to their strength, fracture-resistant, highly corrosion and oxidation resistant, and stand up well in high-temperature and high-pressure environments making them attractive materials fo ....

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