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Freeze! New model to help protect ships from ice accretion

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Researchers from Skoltech (Russia) and their colleagues from SINTEF (Norway) have developed a mathematical model of freezing water droplets moving in cold air. This model is a part of a joint RFBR-supported Russian-Norway research project. The project is focused on predicting ice accretion on ships and other offshore structures operated in Arctic climate, which may interfere with their proper functioning and endanger crew members and cargo. The paper was published in the journal
Energies.
Ships travel in cold northern waters under constant bombardment by tiny water droplets populating the chilly air. The droplets are expelled into the air at the impact of sea waves on the ship hull or other surfaces. When they reach the ship s substructure, these semi-frozen droplets can either bounce off or stick. The probability of the droplets sticking to the wall depends on their freezing state, i.e., completely frozen droplets simply bounce off, while others lead to dif ....

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$2.5 million grant will support algebra teachers' professional development

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Credit: MU College of Education
COLUMBIA, Mo. In her 16 years teaching algebra, Amy Dwiggins has seen countless students struggle with the seemingly abstract subject.
But the creation of new, online professional development materials at the University of Missouri could help teachers like Dwiggins, who teaches Algebra 2 and Geometry at Macon High School in Macon, Missouri, teach their students more effectively.
Algebra can be a tough subject to learn if the students don t find it applicable to their daily lives, Dwiggins said. But we use critical thinking and problem-solving skills all the time, and math is a big part of that. So we, as teachers, need to find creative ways to spark students interests in a way that makes them more motivated to learn. ....

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Brain-on-a-chip would need little training

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IMAGE: Advances in artificial intelligence technology is leading to the development of neural networks that mimic the biology of the brain.
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Credit: © 2021 KAUST
A biomimicking spiking neural network on a microchip has enabled KAUST researchers to lay the foundation for developing more efficient hardware-based artificial intelligence computing systems.
Artificial intelligence technology is developing rapidly, with an explosion of new applications across advanced automation, data mining and interpretation, healthcare and marketing, to name a few. Such systems are based on a mathematical artificial neural network (ANN) composed of layers of decision-making nodes. Labeled data is first fed into the system to train the model to respond a certain way, then the decision-making rules are locked in and the model is put into service on standard computing hardware. ....

Wenzhe Guo , Algorithms Models , Calculations Problem Solving , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Technology Engineering Computer Science , Computer Science , Multimedia Networking Interface Design , Software Engineering , Theory Design , Robotry Artificial Intelligence ,

A study finds gender bias in music recommendation algorithms

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Although the problem of gender discrimination is already found in the music industry, music recommendation algorithms would be increasing the gender gap. Andrés Ferraro and Xavier Serra, researchers of the Music Technology research group (MTG) of the UPF Department of Information and Communication Technologies (DTIC), with Christine Bauer, of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands), have recently published a paper on gender balance in music recommendation systems in which they ask themselves how the system should work to avoid gender bias.
At the outset, the authors identified that gender justice was one of the artists main concerns
Initially, the work by Ferraro, Serra and Bauer aimed to understand the fairness of music platforms available online from the artists point of view. In interviews conducted with music artists, they identified that gender justice was one of their main concerns. ....

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Egg and sperm cell size evolved from competition

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In most living animals, egg cells are vastly larger than sperm cells. In humans, for example, a single egg is 10 million times the volume of a sperm cell.
In a new study, Northwestern University researchers found that competition and natural selection drove this curious size discrepancy.
Using mathematical modeling, the researchers considered a time very early in evolution when primordial species reproduced using external fertilization. In the model, bigger reproductive cells, or gametes, presented a competitive edge because they could hold more nutrients for a potential zygote. Smaller gametes, however, required fewer resources to make, which put less stress on the parent. ....

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