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The city formula

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(Vienna, March 17, 2021) When complex systems double in size, many of their parts do not. Characteristically, some aspects will grow by only about 80 percent, others by about 120 percent. The astonishing uniformity of these two growth rates is known as scaling laws. Scaling laws are observed everywhere in the world, from biology to physical systems. They also apply to cities. Yet, while a multitude of examples show their presence, reasons for their emergence are still a matter of debate.
A new publication in the
Journal of The Royal Society Interface now provides a simple explanation for urban scaling laws: Carlos Molinero and Stefan Thurner of the ....

Stefan Thurner , Carlos Molinero , Royal Society Interface , Complexity Science Hub Vienna , Earth Science , Energy Sources , Algorithms Models , Calculations Problem Solving , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Climate Change , அரச சமூகம் இடைமுகம் , சிக்கலானது அறிவியல் மையம் வியன்னா , பூமி அறிவியல் , ஆற்றல் ஆதாரங்கள் , கணக்கீடுகள் ப்ராப்லம் தீர்க்கும் , அமைப்புகள் குழப்பம் முறை உருவாக்கம் சிக்கலானது , காலநிலை மாற்றம் ,

New study investigates how life on land recovered after

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IMAGE: The plant-eating pareiasaurs were preyed on by sabre-toothed gorgonopsians. Both groups died out during the end-Permian mass extinction, or The Great Dying.
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Credit: © Xiaochong Guo
SAN FRANCISCO (March 16, 2021) - Over the course of Earth s history, several mass extinction events have destroyed ecosystems, including one that famously wiped out the dinosaurs. But none were as devastating as The Great Dying, which took place 252 million years ago during the end of the Permian period. A new study, published today in
Proceedings of the Royal Society B, shows in detail how life recovered in comparison to two smaller extinction events. The international study team composed of researchers from the China University of Geosciences, the California Academy of Sciences, the University of Bristol, Missouri University of Science and Technology, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed for the first time that the end-Permian mass ....

United States , Mike Benton , Peter Roopnarine , Yuangeng Huang , Zhong Qiang Chen , China University Of Geosciences , Academy Curator Of Geology , California Academy Of Sciences , Proceedings Of The Royal Society , University Of Bristol , Missouri University Of Science , Great Dying , China University , California Academy , Missouri University , Chinese Academy , Academy Curator , Professor Mike Benton , Professor Zhong Qiang Chen , North China , Ecology Environment , Earth Science , Temperature Dependent Phenomena , Algorithms Models , Climate Change , மிச Ou ரி ,

Identifying cells to better understand healthy and diseased behavior

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IMAGE: Georgia Tech researchers use a graphical model framework to uncover a better way to identify cells and understand neural activities in the brain.
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Credit: Christopher Moore, Georgia Tech
In researching the causes and potential treatments for degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer s or Parkinson s disease, neuroscientists frequently struggle to accurately identify cells needed to understand brain activity that gives rise to behavior changes such as declining memory or impaired balance and tremors.
A multidisciplinary team of Georgia Institute of Technology neuroscience researchers, borrowing from existing tools such as graphical models, have uncovered a better way to identify cells and understand the mechanisms of the diseases, potentially leading to better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. ....

United States , Georgia Institute Of Technology , Yueyi Li , Dhavals Patel , Yun Zhang , Shivesh Chaudhary , Brain Science At Harvard University , Georgia Tech School Of Chemical , Department Of Organismic , National Institutes Of Health , National Science Foundation , Georgia Institute , National Institutes , National Science , Love Family Professor , Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Tech , Cell Relationships , Evolutionary Biology , Brain Science , Sol Ah Lee , Model Framework , Automated Annotation , Cell Identities , Dense Cellular Images , Cell Biology ,

Global warming helps invasive species flourish - study models likely combined effects on ecosystems

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Increased global temperatures help invasive species establish themselves in ecosystems, new research led by a Swansea University bioscientist has shown.
The study, published by the Royal Society, gives an insight into the probable combined effects of species invasions, which are becoming more common, and global warming.
Climate warming and biological invasions result in the loss of species. They also alter the structure of ecosystems and the ways in which species interact.
While there is already extensive research on how climate change and invasions affect species and ecosystems, we know surprisingly little about their combined effect, acting together in synergy. ....

United Kingdom , Kevin Sullivan , Miguel Lurgi , Research Excellence Framework , Royal Society , Centre National , Linstitut National De La Recherche Agronomique , Proceedings Of The Royal Society , College Of Science , Guardian University , Times Higher Education World University , Swansea University , Recherche Scientifique , Teaching Excellence Framework , Guardian University Guide , Excellence Framework , Times Higher Education , Climate Science , Ecology Environment , Algorithms Models , Systems Chaos Pattern Formation Complexity , Climate Change , ஒன்றுபட்டது கிஂக்டம் , கெவின் சல்லிவன் , மிகுவல் லுர்கி , ஆராய்ச்சி சிறப்பானது கட்டமைப்பு ,

Modelling speed-ups in nutrient-seeking bacteria

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Many bacteria swim towards nutrients by rotating the helix-shaped flagella attached to their bodies. As they move, the cells can either run in a straight line, or tumble by varying the rotational directions of their flagella, causing their paths to randomly change course. Through a process named chemotaxis, bacteria can decrease their rate of tumbling at higher concentrations of nutrients, while maintaining their swimming speeds. In more hospitable environments like the gut, this helps them to seek out nutrients more easily. However, in more nutrient-sparse environments, some species of bacteria will also perform chemokinesis : increasing their swim speeds as nutrient concentrations increase, without changing their tumbling rates. Through new research published in ....

United Kingdom , Theresa Jakuszeit , University Of Cambridge , Ottavio Croze , Nutrition Nutrients , Mathematics Statistics , Algorithms Models , ஒன்றுபட்டது கிஂக்டம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் கேம்பிரிட்ஜ் , ஊட்டச்சத்து ஊட்டச்சத்துக்கள் , கணிதம் புள்ளிவிவரங்கள் ,