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1842 (dated) 1 : 165000 Description A fine example of William W. Mather s 1842 large-scale geographical map of Long Island, New York - the first comprehensive geological study of the island. Issued prior to the completion of the Long Island Railroad and the subsequent Long Island land rush, this one of the largest, most detailed, and attractive maps of Long Island to appear in the 19th century. The map covers from New Jersey and Staten Island eastward as Montauk and Fisher s Island. Includes parts of Westchester, New Jersey, Rockland County, and the Connecticut coastline. A large inset map in the lower right depicts Manhattan with a special focus on geological features and topography. The line of the partially completed Long Island Railroad, which within 15 years would change the demographic of Long Island, is illustrated. Various important Long Island communities including the East Hampton, Bridgehampton, Southampton, Amagansett, Riverhead, an ....
Ejaz Ghani, Lakshmi Iyer, Saurabh Mishra There is no doubt that China has seen a large reduction in poverty since 1980. Judged by the World Bank’s $1.90 a day poverty line (in 2011 prices at purchasing power parity), the national poverty rate fell from almost 90% in 1981 to under 4% in 2016, implying 800 million fewer people living in poverty (using the World Bank’s PovcalNet site). Many explanations have been offered for China’s accomplishment in reducing extreme poverty, including frequent emphasis on the pro-market reforms initiated in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, who ruled China until 1990. Deng’s initial focus on agrarian reforms – notably, de-collectivisation and restoring market-based incentives for farming – has been identified as a major factor in output gains (Lin 1992) and the country’s progress against poverty in the 1980s (Ravallion and Chen 2007). ....