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Why the United States Revoked Hundreds of Medals of Honor Dr. Mary E. Walker was a civilian contract surgeon who was recommended for the Medal of Honor by Gen. William T. Sherman. Her award was revoked in 1917 and returned in 1977. (Library of Congress) Dr. Mary Walker was a volunteer surgeon for the Union Army during the Civil War, treating the wounded in Washington and at the Battle of Bull Run. Later, she became the first woman surgeon ever officially employed by the Army, seeing action at Fredericksburg, Chickamauga and Chattanooga. In 1864, she was captured by Confederate soldiers and sp...

Third in a series on Apache chiefs Geronimo, the man who has come to define the Apache Wars, the man who history has vilified and then glorified, the man who struck terror into the souls of Southern Arizona settlers (and also plenty of Mexican villages), has been woven into the broadcloth of the West; forever. Geronimo does not actually qualify for the list of great Apache chiefs. Simply put, he was not a chief of any Apache tribe. He was a shaman, medicine man, seer, and interpreter of the Spirit World. In so many words, a 19th-century con man. Consider him a Native American Rasputin. He att...

True West Magazine Well-armed vaqueros, riding 30 strong and led by rancher Patricio Valenzuela, lock on the trail of Geronimo’s Apache band. In a running fight, Geronimo is separated from the other Apaches, then unhorsed. He is forced to take refuge in a cave. He is trapped, and he knows it. Patricio Valenzuela, the hacendado (ranch owner) of the Agua Fria hacienda, eight miles east of Cucurpe in Sonora, Mexico, is alerted by his vaqueros of raiding Apaches who have butchered one of his cows and an ox at Tapacadepe. Valenzuela hits the trail with 30 fighting men, along with a pack mule ca...

True West Magazine The late author-screenwriter Jeb Rosebrook, editor Stuart Rosebrook, Paul Andrew Hutton and True West’s Bob Boze Bell share a grand moment at the joint Arizona-New Mexico History Convention in Flagstaff, Arizona, in 2017, where Stuart had just moderated a panel discussion by Hutton and Bell on one of their research subjects, Mickey Free. – Photo by Dorothy Rosebrook, Courtesy Paul Andrew Hutton – Do you remember the first time you read Paul Andrew Hutton? He immediately captured my interest and imagination with his double-barreled literary prose and academic virtuosit...