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Toggle open close A surge in COVID-19 cases in the United States and Europe has prompted calls for a national mask mandate here in America. Advocates of government edicts have asserted that these would bring the pandemic “under control” in a matter of weeks. The authors of this Backgrounder found that 97 of the 100 counties with the most confirmed cases had mask mandates. Nor did a national mask mandate prevent a surge in Italy. These findings do not deny the efficacy of mask-wearing, nor should they discourage the practice. Instead, they point to the inadequacy of public health strategie...

Abstract Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a serious neurologic condition, although the etiology remains unknown in >50% of patients. We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to detect viruses in 204 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with acute CNS infection who were enrolled from Vietnam hospitals during 2012–2016. We detected 8 viral species in 107/204 (52.4%) of CSF samples. After virus-specific PCR confirmation, the detection rate was lowered to 30/204 (14.7%). Enteroviruses were the most common viruses detected (n = 23), followed by hepatitis B virus (3), HI...

3), so vector roles of both species should not be overlooked. TBRF courses with febrile episodes and should be considered as a differential diagnosis within the spectrum of diseases that cause an undifferentiated febrile syndrome (UFS) ( 6). Although specific data are vague for the states where tick collections were performed in this study, UFS is common in Brazil; mosquitoborne viruses and malaria are the main etiologic agents ( 8). Nevertheless, febrile illnesses still remain underdiagnosed in a substantial proportion of the cases in the country ( 8). The results of this study are a contrib...

Abstract Rwanda and Bhutan, 2 low- and middle-income countries, implemented primarily school-based national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2011 (Rwanda) and 2010 (Bhutan). We estimated vaccination effectiveness through urine-based HPV prevalence surveys in schools in 2013–2014 and 2017. In Rwanda, 912 participants from baseline surveys and 1,087 from repeat surveys were included, and in Bhutan, 973 participants from baseline surveys and 909 from repeat surveys were included. The overall effectiveness against vaccine-targeted HPV types (i.e., HPV-6/11/16/18) was 78% (95% CI 51%–...

Statistics Finland Neoplasms the most common cause of death for working-age people in 2019 According to Statistics Finland's statistics on causes of death, nearly 7,400 persons of working age, i.e. aged 15 to 64, died in 2019. The vast majority of them, two-thirds, were men. More than one half of deceased working-age people died of neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system. Every tenth, or 700 persons, died in accidents and nearly 600 persons committed suicide. Causes of death for deaths at working age (aged 15 to 64) in 2000 to 2019 In Finland, ever fewer people of working age die. Wh...