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Following almost a year of digging with makeshift tools, 76 RAF officers succeeded in escaping along a tunnel more than 100 yards long. But the aftermath was one of exceptional cruelty.
Today, the Nazi persecution of Jewish people is widely viewed through the prism of the death camps: places such as Treblinka, Sobibor and Auschwitz. Yet before Auschwitz was even conceived as a centre of mass murder, more than a million people had been killed across eastern Europe. This is the story of the early stages of the Holocaust, when a campaign of appalling abuse and brutality became an explicit policy of annihilation. BY JAMES BULGIN
Nazi police chief in Vienna spied for West Germany © National Archives of Slovenia Franz Josef Huber ran the Gestapo secret police in Vienna A Nazi SS general responsible for deporting tens of thousands of Jews to death camps worked for West German intelligence after World War Two, shielded from prosecution. The protection given to Franz Josef Huber was revealed by the German spy service BND, in archives seen by German public broadcaster ARD. Huber ran the Gestapo in Vienna, the Nazis' second-biggest secret police HQ after Berlin. The US military knew about his crimes. Huber took charge of...