Bollinger decisions | Definition, Gratz v. Bollinger, Grutter v. Bollinger, Affirmative Action, Challenges to Grutter v. Bollinger, & Facts
Bollinger decisions, pair of cases addressing the issue of affirmative action in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 23, 2003, that the undergraduate admissions policy of the University of Michigan violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (Gratz v. Bollinger) and that the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School did not (Grutter v. Bollinger). In 1995 and 1997, respectively, Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, both of whom were white, were denied admission to the University of Michigan’s School of Literature, Science...