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Scientists uncover how resistance proteins protect plants from pathogens

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2+ ion flux and immune responses
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Credit: BI et al.,
Cell
In plants, disease resistance proteins serve as major immune receptors that sense pathogens and pests and trigger robust defense responses. Scientists previously found that one such disease resistance protein, ZAR1, is transformed into a highly ordered protein complex called a resistosome upon detection of invading pathogens, providing the first clue as to how plant disease resistance proteins work. Precisely how a resistosome activates plant defenses, however, has been unclear.
A joint team led by Profs. ZHOU Jianmin, CHEN Yuhang and HE Kangmin at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Prof. CHAI Jijie at Tsinghua University recently employed state-of-the-art electrophysiology and single-molecule imaging to investigate the molecular mechanism by which the ZAR1 resistosome activates plant immunity. ....

National Natural Science Foundation Of China , National Key Research , Institute Of Genetics , Development Program Of China , Jijie At Tsinghua University , Developmental Biology , Chinese Academy , Tsinghua University , National Natural Science Foundation , Development Program , தேசிய இயற்கை அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் ஆஃப் சீனா , தேசிய விசை ஆராய்ச்சி , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் ஜெநெடிக்ஸ் , வளர்ச்சி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் ஆஃப் சீனா , வளர்ச்சி உயிரியல் , சீன கலைக்கழகம் , தேசிய இயற்கை அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் , வளர்ச்சி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் ,

Combined Voronoi-FDEM Approach for Modelling Post-Fracture Response of Laminated Tempered Glass

Shanghai Jiao Tong University
In this work, a combined Voronoi and finite-discrete element method (FDEM) approach for reconstructing the post-fracture model of laminated glass (LG) was proposed. The fracture morphology was determined via introducing Voronoi tessellation with statistical distribution parameters such as the fragment face numbers, volume and sphericity. The residual interaction between glass fragments was described with cohesive zone model. One fractured LG block under uniaxial tension, which was taken from a triple layered LG beam with ionoplast interlayers, was modelled and validated with experimentally recorded data.
Through iteration analysis, the key cohesive parameters were determined for the most applicable model. It is followed by investigating the influence due to the fragments interaction property. The results show that the cohesion and frictional property can be combined to well describe the residual interaction behaviour between fragments. The fri ....

United Kingdom , City Of , Michael Kraus , Laguerre Voronoi , Jens Schneider , Zhufeng Pan , Yuhan Zhu , Jimpact Eng , Jadhes Adhes , Van Paepegem , Geralt Siebert , Safety Engineering Ningbo University , National Natural Science Foundation Of China , Ghent University , Key Laboratory Of Impact , Development Program Of China , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Standards Press Of China , British Standards Institution , National Key Research , Istructe Ltd , Ministry Of Education , Structural Applications , Development Program , National Natural Science Foundation , Key Laboratory ,

Researchers demonstrate very high specificity of prime editors in plants

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IMAGE: a, PE rates at endogenous on-target and off-target sites. b, Experimental design and work flow of whole-genome sequencing. c, d, Numbers of SNVs (c) and Indels (d) identified by WGS.
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Credit: IGDB
Prime editing (PE), a search-and-replace CRISPR-based genome editing technique, has great potential for gene therapy and agriculture. It can introduce desired base conversions, deletions, insertions, and combination edits into target genomic sites. Prime editors have been successfully applied in animals and plants, but their off-target effects, which can be a major hindrance to real-life application, have not been thoroughly evaluated until now.
Prof. GAO Caixia from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and her research team recently performed a comprehensive and genome-wide analysis of the off-target effects of PEs in rice plants. ....

Strategic Priority Research Program , National Natural Science Foundation Of China , Institute Of Genetics , National Key Research , Development Program Of China , Chinese Academy Of Sciences , Developmental Biology , Chinese Academy , Nature Biotechnology , National Natural Science Foundation , Development Program , மூலோபாய ப்ரையாரிடீ ஆராய்ச்சி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் , தேசிய இயற்கை அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் ஆஃப் சீனா , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் ஜெநெடிக்ஸ் , தேசிய விசை ஆராய்ச்சி , வளர்ச்சி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் ஆஃப் சீனா , சீன கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் அறிவியல் , வளர்ச்சி உயிரியல் , சீன கலைக்கழகம் , இயற்கை உயிரி தொழில்நுட்பவியல் , தேசிய இயற்கை அறிவியல் அடித்தளம் , வளர்ச்சி ப்ரோக்ர்யாம் ,

Stretching the boundaries of medical tech with wearable antennae

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IMAGE: The wearable transmitter is designed to compress its top layer in a double arch pattern, shown here, to respond to movement without compromising signal transmission.
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Credit: Huanyu Cheng, Penn State
Current research on flexible electronics is paving the way for wireless sensors that can be worn on the body and collect a variety of medical data. But where do the data go? Without a similar flexible transmitting device, these sensors would require wired connections to transmit health data.
Huanyu Larry Cheng, Dorothy Quiggle Career Development Assistant Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics in the Penn State College of Engineering, and two international teams of researchers are developing devices to explore the possibilities of wearable, flexible antennae. They published two papers in April in Nano-Micro Letters and ....

Xue Chen , Senhao Zhang , Guizhi Xu , Mengjun Wang , Qing Wang , Huanyu Larry Cheng , Chenghao Xing , Donghai Qiu , Hongbo Yang , Wenbo Jia , Li Yang , Bowen Li , Hebei University Of Technology , Penn State College Of Engineering , National Natural Science Foundation Of China , National Science Foundation , Watt University , Technology Support , Chinese Academy Of Sciences , Development Program Of China , National Key Research , National Heart , Engineering Science , Penn State College , Nano Micro Letters , Penn State ,

Demonstration of the universal quantum error correcting code with superconducting qubits

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IMAGE: (a) Encoding quantum circuit of the five-qubit code. (b) Expectation values of 31 stabilizers for the encoded logical state |T> L. (c) Expectation values of logical Pauli operators and state fidelity.
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Credit: @Science China Press
Universal fault-tolerant quantum computing relies on the implementation of quantum error correction. An essential milestone is the achievement of error-corrected logical qubits that genuinely benefit from error correction, outperforming simple physical qubits. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to demonstrate quantum error correcting codes with different quantum hardware, previous realizations are limited to be against certain types of errors or to prepare special logical states. It remains one of the greatest and also notoriously difficult challenges to realize a universal quantum error correcting code for more than a decade. ....

Shao Rong , Ming Gong , Xyu Xu , Jian Wei Pan , Shaowei Li , Cheng Zhi Peng , Yulin Wu , Xiongfeng Ma , Zhen Zhang , Futian Liang , Xiaobo Zhu , Jin Lin , Chui Deng , Youwei Zhao , Yunchao Liu , Shiyu Wang , Chen Zha , Simonc Benjamin , Qi Zhao , Anhui Initiative In Quantum Information Technologies , National Natural Science Foundation Of China , University Of Oxford , University Of Science , Chinese Academy Of Science , Technology Committee Of Shanghai Municipality , National Science ,