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Opinion | The Muslims Who Inspired Spinoza, Locke and Defoe


April 5, 2021, 3:14 p.m. ET
Credit.Illustration by Arsh Raziuddin/The New York Times
In this age of anxiety, anger and contestations between the West and the Islamic world, many epoch-shaping stories of intellectual exchanges between our cultures are often forgotten.
A powerful example comes from literature. Millions of Christian, Jewish and Muslim readers across the world have read that famed tale of the man stranded alone on an island: “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe, the 18th-century British pamphleteer, political activist and novelist.
Few know that in 1708, 11 years before Defoe wrote his celebrated novel, Simon Ockley, an Orientalist scholar at Cambridge University, translated and published a 12th-century Arabic novel, “Hayy ibn Yaqzan,” ....

United Kingdom , Czech Republic , John Stuart Mill , Judah Loew , George Keith , Martin Wainwright , Ibn Tufayl , Edward Pococke Jr , Defoe Robinson Crusoe , Baruch Spinoza , Abul Walid Muhammad Ibn Rushd , John Locke , Robinson Crusoe , Hayy Ibn Yaqzan , John Milton , Daniel Defoe , Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , Mustafa Akyol , Ibn Rushd , Simon Ockley , Cambridge University , Cato Institute , Abu Bakr Muhammad , Edward Pococke , Islamic Spain , Rabbi Jonathan Sacks ,

The Muslims Who Inspired Spinoza, Locke and Defoe


In this age of anxiety, anger and contestations between the West and the Islamic world, many epoch‐​shaping stories of intellectual exchanges between our cultures are often forgotten.
A powerful example comes from literature. Millions of Christian, Jewish and Muslim readers across the world have read that famed tale of the man stranded alone on an island: “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe, the 18th‐​century British pamphleteer, political activist and novelist.
Few know that in 1708, 11 years before Defoe wrote his celebrated novel, Simon Ockley, an Orientalist scholar at Cambridge University, translated and published a 12th‐​century Arabic novel, “Hayy ibn Yaqzan,”or “Alive, the Son of Awake,” by Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Tufayl, an Andalusian‐​Arab polymath. Writing about the influence of Ibn Tufayl’s novel on Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe,” Martin Wainwright, a former Guardian editor, remarked, “Tufayl’s footprints mark the great class ....

Czech Republic , John Stuart Mill , John Locke , Judah Loew , George Keith , Ibn Tufayl , Edward Pococke Jr , Hayy Ibn Yaqzan , John Milton , Walid Muhammad Ibn Rushd , Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , Ibn Rushd , Baruch Spinoza , Simon Ockley , Edward Pococke , Islamic Spain , Rabbi Jonathan Sacks , Rabbi Judah Loew , John Stuart , செக் குடியரசு , ஜான் ஸ்டூவர்ட் ஆலை , ஜான் பூட்டு , யூதா குறைந்த , ஜார்ஜ் கேய்ட் , ஜான் மில்டன் , வாலிட் முஹம்மது இப்ந் ரூஷ்த் ,