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How looking beyond our borders would improve preparedness for extreme floods

How looking beyond our borders would improve preparedness for extreme floods
phys.org - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from phys.org Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

United Kingdom , Steve Turner , Miriam Bertola , Jamie Hannaford , United Kingdom Centre For Ecology Hydrology , Vienna University Of Technology , Extended Data Table , Nature Geoscience , United Kingdom Centre , Hydrologist Jamie Hannaford , Vienna University ,

Geophysical evidence for an enriched molten silicate layer above Mars's core

The detection of deep reflected S waves on Mars inferred a core size of 1,830 ± 40 km (ref. 1), requiring light-element contents that are incompatible with experimental petrological constraints. This estimate assumes a compositionally homogeneous Martian mantle, at odds with recent measurements of anomalously slow propagating P waves diffracted along the core–mantle boundary2. An alternative hypothesis is that Mars’s mantle is heterogeneous as a consequence of an early magma ocean that solidified to form a basal layer enriched in iron and heat-producing elements. Such enrichment results in the formation of a molten silicate layer above the core, overlain by a partially molten layer3. Here we show that this structure is compatible with all geophysical data, notably (1) deep reflected and diffracted mantle seismic phases, (2) weak shear attenuation at seismic frequency and (3) Mars’s dissipative nature at Phobos tides. The core size in this scenar ....

Sola Martian , Supplementary Information Sections , Supplementary Information Section , Extended Data Table ,

Unavoidable future increase in West Antarctic ice-shelf melting over the twenty-first century

Ocean-driven melting of floating ice-shelves in the Amundsen Sea is currently the main process controlling Antarctica’s contribution to sea-level rise. Using a regional ocean model, we present a comprehensive suite of future projections of ice-shelf melting in the Amundsen Sea. We find that rapid ocean warming, at approximately triple the historical rate, is likely committed over the twenty-first century, with widespread increases in ice-shelf melting, including in regions crucial for ice-sheet stability. When internal climate variability is considered, there is no significant difference between mid-range emissions scenarios and the most ambitious targets of the Paris Agreement. These results suggest that mitigation of greenhouse gases now has limited power to prevent ocean warming that could lead to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The authors use a regional ocean model to project ocean-driven ice-shelf melt in the Amundsen Sea. Already committed rapid ocean warming ....

France General , Amundsen Sea , Extended Data , Extended Data Table , Supplementary Discussion ,

Study highlights gut fungi's lasting impact on severe COVID-19 immune response

Study highlights gut fungi's lasting impact on severe COVID-19 immune response
medicalxpress.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from medicalxpress.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

New York , United States , Lars Westblade , Takato Kusakabe , Stephen Josefowitz , Melissa Cushing , Mirella Salvatore , Iliyan Iliev , Adolfo Garc , Jill Roberts Institute For Research , Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center , Microbiome Core Lab , Global Health , Department Of Medicine , Weill Department Of Medicine , Laboratory Medicine At Weill Cornell , Department Of Pathology , Plasma Igg , Extended Data Table , Nature Immunology , Weill Cornell Medicine , Jill Roberts Institute , Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Weill Cornell , Weill Department , Laboratory Medicine ,

Polarized thermal emission from dust in a galaxy at redshift 2.6

Magnetic fields are fundamental to the evolution of galaxies, playing a key role in the astrophysics of the interstellar medium and star formation. Large-scale ordered magnetic fields have been mapped in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies1,2, but it is not known how early in the Universe such structures formed3. Here we report the detection of linearly polarized thermal emission from dust grains in a strongly lensed, intrinsically luminous galaxy that is forming stars at a rate more than 1,000 times that of the Milky Way at redshift 2.6, within 2.5 Gyr of the Big Bang4,5. The polarized emission arises from the alignment of dust grains with the local magnetic field6,7. The median polarization fraction is of the order of 1%, similar to nearby spiral galaxies8. Our observations support the presence of a 5-kiloparsec-scale ordered magnetic field with a strength of around 500 μG or lower, oriented parallel to the molecular gas disk. This confirms t ....

Common Analysis Software Applications , Execution Blocks , Execution Block , Extended Data Table , Extended Data , Milky Way ,