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(1) to launch a fully fledged investigation, ex officio, against Facebook Inc, Facebook Ireland Ltd, WhatsApp Inc and WhatsApp LLC (together, 'Facebook') in order to assess whether they had violated Article 6 of Law 4054 on the Protection of Competition. Moreover, the Competition Board imposed an interim measure against WhatsApp pursuant to Article 9 of Law 4054 after WhatsApp amended its terms of use and privacy policy to require its users to share data with other Facebook companies.(2) Background information In its decision, the Competition Board provided a general overview of the investig...

Introduction The overlapping of construction activities is a project management technique which helps a project to be completed as quickly possible. However, it inherently leads to increased risk and can jeopardise the insurance in place. This is even more true when two separate design and construction projects overlap forcibly and are knowingly implemented concurrently in the same area. In a recent case, the Greek courts found that the multiple damages which one constructor had caused to another's works were not sudden and unforeseen and did not qualify as one event. Facts A company belongin...

Background Sleep-in shifts are standard practice in the care industry, with workers required to sleep on the premises in case they are required in an emergency. Such shifts are paid at a fixed flat rate, with additional pay for any time spent actively working. The correct pay for sleep-in shifts has long been debated. Must workers be paid the NMW for the entire time spent at the workplace even when sleeping or must they be paid only for time spent awake and working? This makes a big difference to the amount that workers are entitled to be paid. Similar questions arise with respect to domicil...

Introduction Information technologies are increasingly being exposed to the potentially malicious intentions of various interest groups and individuals. Therefore, a systematic and coordinated effort to improve cybersecurity abilities is key for a safe digital society. The Croatian cybersecurity system is a complex cross-sectorial network of institutions and regulations in constant development but aligned with the requirements acquired through the country's membership of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). This article is the second in a series on the regulat...

Given the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC) recent commencement of investigations relating to February's cold weather grid emergency,[1] and the potential for many more, it is important for market participants to be mindful of FERC's obligations to provide parties involved in Section 1b investigations with exculpatory " Brady" materials[2]. FERC policy requires that it disclose any evidence or other information that is exculpatory or potentially exculpatory, and material to either the guilt of, or punishment for, the subject. As recent court rulings confirm, this obligation should...