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Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is associated with substantial impacts on patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and cost to the healthcare system. Gross hematuria frequently precedes the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is managed initially with transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT), followed by a risk stratified approach to adjuvant intravesical therapy (IVe), and is associated with an overall survival of 90%. However, cure rates remain lower for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) owing to a variety of factors. NMIBC and MIBC groupings are heterogeneous and have unique pathological and molecular characteristics. Indeed, The Cancer Genome Atlas project identified genetic drivers and luminal and basal molecular subtypes of MIBC with distinct treatment responses. For NMIBC, IVe immunotherapy (primarily BCG) is the gold standard treatment for high grade and high risk NMIBC to reduce or pre ....

France General , United States , Liang Cheng , Brendanj Guercio , Antonio Lopez Beltran , Michaels Cookson , European Society For Medical Oncology , Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group , World Health Organization , Drug Administration , European Association Of Urology , National Comprehensive Cancer Network , United States National Comprehensive Cancer Network , Cancer Genome Atlas , European Society , Medical Oncology , European Association , Bacillus Calmette Gu , Eastern Cooperative Oncology , National Comprehensive Cancer , Art Reviews ,