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The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is due to expire in 2025, a quarter of a century after it was first enacted. AGOA provides qualifying sub-Saharan African countries with duty-free access to the US market for most agricultural and manufactured products. Its architects and supporters point to AGOA’s noble motives and success stories; indeed, the case for access to large regional and global markets that support critical levels of transformative investment is eternal. But while AGOA remains relevant, it is grappling with overdue reforms and rapidly changing circumstances.

In conclusion, it may be said that while South Asia, Central and  West Asia and Pacific Asia showed improvement in sustainability indicators for environment and energy in 2020, they did not do so well in social and governance indicators.

Preamble This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognise that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. All countries and all stakeholders, acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan.

People desire a world without extreme poverty, lawlessness, hunger,and disease, but the Millennium Development Goals focus largely on alleviating symptoms of poverty, not its causes. If the World Bankand the IMF are to play a constructive role in eradicating poverty,their lending programs must encourage the governments of poorcountries to promote economic growth as the solution to poverty.

Perhaps UN conventions, peacekeeping operations, and humanitarianaid could then be put in context-of building durable peace byencouraging government by the governed and by helping non-membersto become members.