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Frontiers | Florivory and Pollination Intersection: Changes in Floral Trait Expression Do Not Discourage Hummingbird Pollination

Many flowers are fed on by florivores, but we know little about if and how feeding on flowers affects their visual and chemical advertisement and nectar resource, which could disrupt pollination. Here, we investigated if damages caused by florivores compromise a Neotropical hummingbird-pollination system, by modifying the floral advertisements and the nectar resource. We surveyed natural florivory levels and patterns, examined short-term local effects of floral damages caused by the most common florivore, a caterpillar, on floral outline, intra-floral colour pattern and floral scent, as well as on the amount of nectar. Following, we experimentally tested if the most severe florivory pattern affected hummingbird pollination. The feeding activity of the most common florivore did not alter the intra-floral colour pattern, floral scent, and nectar volume, but changed the corolla outline. However, this change did not affect hummingbird-pollination. Despite visual floral cues being important ....

New York , United States , Rio De Janeiro , Estado Do Rio , Estado De Pernambuco , G Becard Cambridge , Soper Gorden , E Medina Cambridge , Vocs Knudsen , Neotropics Stiles , Los Angeles , Zeiss Axioskop , Gawl Miers Bignoniaceae , Pyrostegia Bignoniaceae , Mart Wiehler Gesneriaceae , Tello Ramos , Rr Core Team , Core Team , Scientific Development , Cambridge University Press , University Of Groningen , Advances In Botanical Research , R Foundation For Statistical Computing , Cambridge University , National Council Of Technological , Paris Lodron University Of Salzburg ,

Frontiers | Western Gull Foraging Behavior as an Ecosystem State Indicator in Coastal California

With accelerating climate variability and change, novel approaches are needed to warn managers of changing ecosystem state and to identify appropriate management actions. One strategy is using indicator species - like seabirds as ecosystem sentinels - to monitor changes in marine environments. Here, we explore the utility of western gullsbreeding on Southeast Farallon Island as a proxy of ecosystem state in coastal California by investigating the interannual variability in gull foraging behavior from 2013-19 in relation to upwelling conditions, prey abundances, and overlap with humpback whales as gulls frequently feed in association with whales. Western gulls have a flexible diet and forage on land and at-sea. We combined gull GPS tracking data during the incubation phase, ecosystem survey data on multiple predator and prey species, and derived oceanographic upwelling products. When foraging at sea, gulls overlapped with cool upwelled waters. During 2015-17, 25% more gull foraging trip ....

Farallon Islands , United States , New York , United Kingdom , Palo Alto , Stanford University , City Of , San Francisco , San Jose State University , San Francisco Bay , Monterey Bay , Northwest Fisheries Science Center , Van Waerebeek , Gull Larus , Santa Cruz Ocean , Pacific Ocean , Wadden Sea , Le Maho , Indian Ocean , El Ksabi , Rr Core Team , Rr Core Team , Farallon Institute , Faction Technology , American Ornithologist Union , Stanford University Press ,