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Frontiers | Three-Dimensional Dispersion of Neutral "Plastic" Particles in a Global Ocean Model

The fate of plastics entering the 3D ocean circulation from rivers discharge is examined through the Lagrangian analysis of neutrally buoyant particles. Particles are released continuously over 1991-2010 at the surface along the coasts according to monthly estimates of rivers plastic waste input. They are advected by daily currents from a state-of-the-art global ocean model at 1/12° resolution. At the end of the simulation, particles remaining in the surface layer of 1~m thickness represent less than 2\% of the total particles released. These are concentrated in the center of subtropical gyres, mostly in the South Indian Ocean and the North Pacific, in relation with the large sources from Asia, and in good agreement with previous 2D numerical experiments in the surface layer. These patterns remain similar down to about 30 m depth, this upper layer strongly influenced by Ekman currents trapping about 20\% of the total released particles. About 50\% of the total released particles r ....

Gulf Of Guinea , Oceans General , United States , France General , Provence Alpes Côd Azur , Southern Ocean , South China Sea , Brunei General , Noord Holland , Drake Passage , Indian Ocean , Yellow Sea , Canary Islands , Spain General , Zuid Holland , East China Sea , Japan General , Arctic Ocean , Jawa Barat , Buenos Aires , Gulf Of Mexico , Bay Of Bengal , China Sea , Mediterranean Sea , Languedoc Roussillon , Labrador Sea ,

"Modelling the sensitivity of underground space stability to the in sit" by Libin Gong, Kamil Soucek et al.

Numerical modelling has been widely used in the underground excavation design, where the in situ stress state plays a crucial role in the stability analysis. However, determination of an exact stress state for a specific geological region remains uncertain due to the complicated tectonic nature and measurement limitations. The stability is thus better analysed by considering the in situ stress as a finite spectrum and pinpointing the possible worst-case scenario. The most probable scenarios of in situ stress states in the Rožná mine area were analysed based on the varying trends in principal stress ratio and mean stress values obtained from four different measurement/analysis campaigns. The influence of different in situ stress judgement on the deformation and failure characteristics of the Bukov Underground Research Facility (URF) (Phase II, Czech) were investigated by the finite volume program FLAC3D. Results show that the increased horizontal stress anisotropy and the mean stress ....

Czech Republic , Bukov Underground Research Facility , In Situ Stress , Numerical Modelling , Oadway Convergence , Tability Model , Trength Stress Ratio ,

"A review on plastic deformation induced surface/interface roughening o" by Ning Nie, Lihong Su et al.

With the increasing demand for light weight design in industries such as aerospace and automotive, sheet metallic materials with high strength and low density have been intensively manufactured and widely applied. However, plastic deformation induced surface roughening is an undesirable and a practically unavoidable phenomenon for sheet metallic materials and becomes the subject of great attention in recent years. The evolution of surface roughening plays important roles in the strain limit of the deformation and also significantly influences the product quality and application. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of both experimental and numerical modelling contributions to understand the surface roughening behaviour of sheet metallic materials during various plastic deformation and manufacturing processes. It has been found that roughening of the free surface or necking of the interface is induced by grain scale strain heterogeneity and strongly dependent on the strain the m ....

Numerical Modelling , Elastic Deformation , Sheet Metal , Surface Roughening ,