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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes.

Design Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.

Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009 to June 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. To evaluate the credibility of evidence, pre-specified evidence classification criteria were applied, graded as convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive (“class II”), suggestive (“class III”), weak (“class IV”), or no evidence (“class V”). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, categorised as “high, ....

United States , Western Australia , United Kingdom , South Korea , New Zealand , South Australia , American Nutrition Association , Nutrition Research Australia , International Agency For Research On Cancer , Institute For Physical Activity , Monash University , Australian Research Council Future Fellowship , Australian Research Council , Gut Brain Congress , Mood Centre , Incorporated Psychiatric Annals , Translation Research Accelerator Program , International Society For Nutritional Psychiatry Research , Research Council Synergy Grant , Waterloo Foundation , Francis Group Healthy , Journal Of The American Society Nephrology , Cardiometabolic Health , Sclerosis Research Australia , Food Mood Centre , Research Council ,