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Re: Nunan's Rapid Response to 'Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses'

Re: Nunan's Rapid Response to 'Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses'
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United-states , Monash , South-australia , Australia , Fernwood , Western-australia , Malaysia , New-zealand , Barwon , Victoria , American , Malaysian

Good Night's Sleep May Shield Athletes from Concussions

Good Night's Sleep May Shield Athletes from Concussions
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Australia , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , United-kingdom , Aussie , Australians , Australian , Spencer-roberts , Australian-institute-of-sport , University-of-cambridge , Institute-for-physical-activity , Solutions-australia

Why a healthy brain requires a meaty diet

Animal-sourced foods contain nutrients that are wonderful for our grey matter that are difficult or impossible to obtain from plant sources. We all think we...

Arizona , United-states , Ireland , United-kingdom , Australia , Katherine-livingstone , Alice-stanton , Rob-hobson , Institute-for-physical-activity , University-of-reading , Institute-for-food , Deakin-university

Why a healthy brain requires a meaty diet

We all think we know what we should be doing to keep our brains fit, whether it’s learning a new language, socialising or getting enough sleep. Among this catalogue of habits, eating a juicy steak is unlikely to be at the top of your list.

United-kingdom , Arizona , United-states , Ireland , Australia , Rob-hobson , Alice-stanton , Katherine-livingstone , Royal-college-of-surgeons , Institute-for-food , Institute-for-physical-activity , Deakin-university

Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses

Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes.

Design Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.

Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009 to June 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross sectional study designs. To evaluate the credibility of evidence, pre-specified evidence classification criteria were applied, graded as convincing (“class I”), highly suggestive (“class II”), suggestive (“class III”), weak (“class IV”), or no evidence (“class V”). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, categorised as “high,” “moderate,” “low,” or “very low” quality.

Results The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response associations and 32 non-dose-response associations (n=9 888 373). Overall, direct associations were found between exposure to ultra-processed foods and 32 (71%) health parameters spanning mortality, cancer, and mental, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic health outcomes. Based on the pre-specified evidence classification criteria, convincing evidence (class I) supported direct associations between greater ultra-processed food exposure and higher risks of incident cardiovascular disease related mortality (risk ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.63; GRADE=very low) and type 2 diabetes (dose-response risk ratio 1.12, 1.11 to 1.13; moderate), as well as higher risks of prevalent anxiety outcomes (odds ratio 1.48, 1.37 to 1.59; low) and combined common mental disorder outcomes (odds ratio 1.53, 1.43 to 1.63; low). Highly suggestive (class II) evidence indicated that greater exposure to ultra-processed foods was directly associated with higher risks of incident all cause mortality (risk ratio 1.21, 1.15 to 1.27; low), heart disease related mortality (hazard ratio 1.66, 1.51 to 1.84; low), type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.40, 1.23 to 1.59; very low), and depressive outcomes (hazard ratio 1.22, 1.16 to 1.28; low), together with higher risks of prevalent adverse sleep related outcomes (odds ratio 1.41, 1.24 to 1.61; low), wheezing (risk ratio 1.40, 1.27 to 1.55; low), and obesity (odds ratio 1.55, 1.36 to 1.77; low). Of the remaining 34 pooled analyses, 21 were graded as suggestive or weak strength (class III-IV) and 13 were graded as no evidence (class V). Overall, using the GRADE framework, 22 pooled analyses were rated as low quality, with 19 rated as very low quality and four rated as moderate quality.

Conclusions Greater exposure to ultra-processed food was associated with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, common mental disorder, and mortality outcomes. These findings provide a rationale to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of using population based and public health measures to target and reduce dietary exposure to ultra-processed foods for improved human health. They also inform and provide support for urgent mechanistic research.

Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42023412732.

To access additional data from this study, the code repository corresponding to the online version of the R statistical package, metaumbrella , can be found on GitHub at <https://github.com/cran/metaumbrella>. The raw data are available on the Open Science Framework at <https://osf.io/8j2gt/>, and a step-by-step analysis using metaumbrella usage is provided in supplementary table B. For further assistance or inquiries, please contact the corresponding author at m.lane@dealin.edu.au.

Mexico , United-states , Colombia , Italy , Barwon , Victoria , Australia , Fernwood , Western-australia , United-kingdom , Malaysia , South-korea

Open mike 26/02/2024

Open mike 26/02/2024
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Waitangi , New-zealand-general- , New-zealand , Australia , Rotorua , Israel , Sydney , New-south-wales , School-of-education , District-of-columbia , United-states , Otago

The problem with corporate money in electorate campaigns

The 2023 candidate election returns have released and it has emerged that Bathurst Resources Ltd contributed $32,600 to Patrick Phelps, who ran a spoiler campaign against Damian O'Connor in West Coast Tasman.

Auckland , New-zealand , Port-hills , New-zealand-general- , Dargaville , Australia , Papua-new-guinea , France , Wellington , Monash , South-australia , Gaza

Open mike 25/02/2024

Open mike is your post. For announcements, general discussion, whatever you choose. The usual rules of good behaviour apply (see the Policy). Step up to the mike …

Wellington , New-zealand-general- , New-zealand , Auckland , Israel , White-house , District-of-columbia , United-states , Hamilton-city , Port-hills , Gaza , Israel-general-

Daily review 23/02/2024

Daily review is also your post. This provides Standardistas the opportunity to review events of the day. The usual rules of good behaviour apply (see the Policy). Don’t forget to be kind to each other …

France , Huia , New-zealand-general- , New-zealand , United-states , Papua-new-guinea , Israel , Lambton , New-south-wales , Australia , Sydney , Monash

Americans are eating more ultra-processed foods – to the detriment of their health

Americans are eating more ultra-processed foods – to the detriment of their health
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Canada , United-kingdom , Chicago , Illinois , United-states , Brazil , Americans , British , Canadian , Brazilian , American , Jerold-mande