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Impact of COVID-19 in Patients With Epilepsy: Higher Hospitalization, Death Rates

Compared with patients without epilepsy, those with epilepsy are at an increased risk for being hospitalized with and dying from COVID-19. ....

International Statistical Classification Of Diseases , Secure Anonymised Information Linkage , International Statistical Classification , Tenth Revision ,

Evaluation of clinical prediction models (part 2): how to undertake an external validation study

External validation studies are an important but often neglected part of prediction model research. In this article, the second in a series on model evaluation, Riley and colleagues explain what an external validation study entails and describe the key steps involved, from establishing a high quality dataset to evaluating a model’s predictive performance and clinical usefulness.

A clinical prediction model is used to calculate predictions for an individual conditional on their characteristics. Such predictions might be of a continuous value (eg, blood pressure, fat mass) or the probability of a particular event occurring (eg, disease recurrence), and are often in the context of a particular time point (eg, probability of disease recurrence within the next 12 months). Clinical prediction models are traditionally based on a regression equation but are increasingly derived using artificial intelligence or machine learning methods (eg, random forests, neural networks). Regardless ....

United Kingdom , Lucinda Archer , Lauraj Bonnett , Glenp Martin , Paula Dhiman , Richardd Riley , Kym Ie Snell , Garys Collins , University Of Birmingham , Duke Clinical Research Institute , Cancer Research United Kingdom , Better Methods Research , Health Improvement Network , Research Council , Sciences Research Council , United Kingdom Department Of Health , Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre , University Hospitals Birmingham , National Institute For Health , Clinical Practice Research Datalink , Care Research , Transparent Reporting , Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis , United Kingdom Biobank , Risk Of Bias , Participant Selection ,

Association between perinatal mortality and morbidity and customised and non-customised birthweight centiles in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Wales, and England: comparative, population based, record linkage study

Objectives To compare the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes according to infants who are born small for gestational age (SGA; <10th centile) or large for gestational age (LGA; >90th centile), as defined by birthweight centiles that are non-customised (ie, standardised by sex and gestational age only) and customised (by sex, gestational age, maternal weight, height, parity, and ethnic group).

Design Comparative, population based, record linkage study with meta-analysis of results.

Setting Denmark, Finland, Norway, Wales, and England (city of Bradford), 1986-2019.

Participants 2 129 782 infants born at term in birth registries.

Main outcome measures Stillbirth, neonatal death, infant death, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and low Apgar score (<7) at 5 minutes.

Results Relative to those infants born average for gestational age (AGA), both SGA and LGA births were at increased risk of all five outcomes, but observed relative risks were ....

United Kingdom , New Zealand , Health Research Ethics Of South East Norway , Information Governance Review Panel , Regional Committee For , Faculty Of Health , University Of Copenhagen , Danish Data Protection Agency , Medical Sciences , Danish Data , Statistics Finland Board , Personal Data Act , Statistics Finland , Regional Committee , Health Research Ethics , South East Norway , Secure Anonymised Information Linkage , Danish Registry ,