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Frontiers | Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes Along the West Antarctic Peninsula in Austral Spring

During a cruise from October to November 2019 along the West Antarctic Peninsula between 64.32ºS and 68.37ºS, we assessed the diversity and composition of the active microbial eukaryotic community within three size fractions: micro- (>20µm), nano- (20-5µm), and pico-size fractions (5-0.2µm). The communities and the environmental parameters displayed latitudinal gradients, and we observed a strong similarity in the microbial eukaryotic communities as well as the environmental parameters, between the sub-surface and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) depths. Chlorophyll concentrations were low, and the mixed layer was shallow for most of the 17 stations sampled. The richness of the microplankton was higher in Marguerite Bay (our southernmost stations), compared to more northern stations, while the diversity for the nano- and pico-plankton was relatively stable across latitude. The microplankton communities were dominated by autotrophs, mostly diatoms, while mi ....

United States , United Kingdom , University Of Rhode Island , Rhode Island , Southern Ocean , Oceans General , District Of Columbia , Czech Republic , South China Sea , Brunei General , Jan Mayen , Australian Capital Territory , English Channel , Amundsen Sea , Weddell Sea , South Korea , North Sea , La Iglesia , Leila Harris , Atlantic Ocean , Ocean Kim , Ocean Kerguelen , Pacific Ocean , Amundsen Sea Wolf , Bbmerge Bushnell , Micromonas Manton ,

Frontiers | Seasonal, Annual, and Decadal Distribution of Three Rorqual Whale Species Relative to Dynamic Ocean Conditions Off Oregon, USA

Whale populations recovering from historical whaling are particularly vulnerable to incidental mortality and disturbance caused by growing ocean industrialization. Several distinct populations of rorqual whales (including humpback, blue, and fin whales) migrate and feed off the coast of Oregon, USA where spatial overlap with human activities are on the rise. Effective mitigation of conflicts requires better foundational understanding of spatial and temporal habitat use patterns to inform conservation management. Based on a year-round, multi-platform distance sampling dataset (2016-2021, 177 survey days, 754 groups observed), this study generated density models to describe and predict seasonal distribution of rorqual whales in Oregon. Phenology analysis of sightings revealed a peak of humpback whale and blue whale density over the Oregon continental shelf in August and September respectively, and higher fin whale density in the winter (December). Additionally, we compared rorqual sighti ....

North Bend , United States , New York , Crescent City , Columbia River , City Of , United Kingdom , Heceta Bank , Cape Blanco , New Zealand , Vancouver Island , Monterey Bay , North West Cape , Western Australia , Hastie Tibshirani , Thysanoessa Spinifera , Salgado Kent , Euphausia Pacifica , Tracy Shaw , Los Angeles , Megaptera Novaeangliae , Pacific Ocean , Eubalaena Glacialis , Alexa Kownacki , J Calambokidis Cascadia Research , Qpi Technology ,

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Infectious Diseases

The temporal evolution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness (VE) against infection, symptomatic, and severe COVID-19 is incompletely defined. The temporal evolution of VE could be dependent on age, vaccine types, variants of the virus, and geographic region. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the duration of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the World Health Organization Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease, and CoronaCentral databases were searched and studies were selected. Independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials and cohort studies with the outcome of interest. Independent reviewers extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed with the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman variance correction. The GRADE (Gr ....

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform , World Health Organization , Preferred Reporting Items , Systematic Reviews , Penn State Institutional Review , Cochrane Central Register , Controlled Trials , Cochrane Database , World Health Organization Global Literature , Coronavirus Disease , Medical Subject Headings , Cochrane Collaboration , Ottawa Scale , Statistical Computing ,

Frontiers | Biogeography of Southern Ocean Active Prokaryotic Communities Over a Large Spatial Scale

The activity of marine microorganisms depends on community composition, yet, in some oceans, little is known about the environmental and ecological processes that structure their distribution. The objective of this study was to test the effect of geographic distance and environmental parameters on prokaryotic community structure in the Southern Ocean (SO). We described the total (16S rRNA gene) and the active fraction (16S rRNA-based) of surface microbial communities over a ~6.500 km longitudinal transect in the SO. We found that the community composition of the total fraction was different from the active fraction across the zones investigated. In addition, higher α-diversity and stronger species turnover were displayed in the active community compared to the total community. Oceanospirillales, Alteromonadales, Rhodobacterales and Flavobacteriales dominated the composition of the bacterioplankton communities, however, there were marked differences at the order level. Temperature, sal ....

United States , United Kingdom , New South Wales , King George Island , Noord Holland , New Zealand , Amundsen Sea , Oceans General , Midi Pyrées , Mediterranean Sea , France General , Jakarta Raya , Baltic Sea , Jared Zapata , Bransfield Strait , Potter Cove , Kyoon Kang , Mac Cormack , Kyung Lee , Campylobacterales Epsilonproteobacteria , Arctic Ocean , Marian Cove , Doctorado Nacional , Puniceicoccales Verrucomicrobiales , Distance Effects On Active Community Composition , Rr Core Team ,

Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Updated Modeling Study for the US Preventive Services Task Force | Cardiology | JAMA

This US Preventive Services Task Force modeling study provides updated estimates of the net balance in benefits and harms of routine use of low-dose aspirin for ....

New Zealand , United States , Hollyg Woodrow , Elizabeths Grossman , Los Angeles , Stevenm Teutsch , Jennifers Lin , Vanessa Selak , Jack Cuzick , Stevenp Dehmer , University Of California , National Health , Importancethe Us Preventive Services Task Force , National Health Interview , Us Preventive Services Task Force , Healthpartners Institute Modelhealth , Queen Mary University Of London , Us Preventive Services Task , Data Repository Information Coordinating Center , Us Department Of Health , Nutrition Examination Survey , Human Services , Md Kaiser Permanente Practice Center , Healthpartners Institute , University Of Auckland , International Aspirin Foundation ,