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SMA May Be Linked to Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Patients

A cross-sectional study suggests that spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) can contribute to cognitive impairment. ....

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Epigenetic clock analysis of blood samples in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients | BMC Psychiatry

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder with premature age-related physiological changes. However, numerous previous studies examined the epigenetic age acceleration in SCZ patients and yielded inconclusive results. In this study, we propose to explore the epigenetic age acceleration in drug-naive first-episode SCZ (FSCZ) patients and investigate whether epigenetic age acceleration is associated with antipsychotic treatment, psychotic symptoms, cognition, and subcortical volumes. We assessed the epigenetic age in 38 drug-naive FSCZ patients and 38 healthy controls by using three independent clocks, including Horvath, Hannum and Levine algorithms. The epigenetic age measurements in SCZ patients were repeated after receiving 8 weeks risperidone monotherapy. Our findings showed significantly positive correlations between epigenetic ages assessed by three clocks and chronological age in both FSCZ patients and healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, ....

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Autistic spectrum disorder in Taiwan

Understanding the relationship between cognitive flexibility and visual, auditory, and motor development in young children with ASD and autistic behaviors. ....

Nantou Xian , Eteläuomen Läi , United States , Huang Jun Yu , Van Eylen , Spss Inc , Child Development , Assessment Center , Jointhink Social Welfare Foundation , Tsaotun Psychiatric Center Ministry Of Health , Wisconsin Card Sorting Test , Dimensional Change Card Sort , Tung Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital , Autism Behavior Checklist Taiwan Version , Wechsler Intelligence Scale , Human Review Board , Tsaotun Psychiatric Center Ministry , Autism Behavior Checklist Taiwan , Taiwan Psychology Publishing , Object Use , Cognitive Flexibility Test , Day Night Test , Cognitive Flexibility , Mann Whitneyu Test , Statistical Package , Social Science ,

University of Texas at Dallas: Neuroscientist Seeks Origins of Alcoholism at Molecular Level

Recovering alcoholics face significant challenges in changing their habits, due in part to the way the brain adapts to the regular presence of alcohol. A University of Texas at Dallas neuroscientist is trying to pinpoint these neurological changes at ....

United States , Sven Kroener , Brain Sciences , National Institute On Drug Abuse , National Institute On Alcohol Abuse , School Of Behavioral , University Of Texas At Dallas , National Institutes Of Health , National Institute , Alcohol Abuse , National Institutes , Wisconsin Card Sorting Test , Drug Abuse ,

Frontiers | Inter-Individual Differences in Executive Functions Predict Multitasking Performance – Implications for the Central Attentional Bottleneck

Human multitasking suffers from a central attentional bottleneck preventing parallel performance of central mental operations, leading to profound deferments in task performance. While previous research assumed that the deferment is caused by a mere waiting time (refractory period), we show that the bottleneck requires executive functions (EF; active scheduling account) accounting for a profound part of the deferment. Three participant groups with EF impairments (dyslexics, highly neurotics, deprived smokers) showed worse multitasking performance than respective control groups. Three further groups with EF improvements (videogamers, bilinguals, coffee consumers) showed improved multitasking. Finally, three groups performed a dual-task and different measures of EF (reading span, rotation span, symmetry span) and showed significant correlations between multitasking performance and working memory capacity. Demands on EF during multitasking may cause more errors, mental fatigue and stress, ....

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