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The secret to stickiness of mussels underwater


Credit: POSTECH
Mussels survive by sticking to rocks in the fierce waves or tides underwater. Materials mimicking this underwater adhesion are widely used for skin or bone adhesion, for modifying the surface of a scaffold, or even in drug or cell delivery systems. However, these materials have not entirely imitated the capabilities of mussels.
A joint research team from POSTECH and Kangwon National University (KNU) - led by Professor Hyung Joon Cha and Ph.D. candidate Mincheol Shin of the Department of Chemical Engineering at POSTECH with Professor Young Mee Jeong and Dr. Yeonju Park of the Department of Chemistry at KNU - has analyzed Dopa and lysine, which are the amino acids that make up the surface adhesive proteins secreted by mussels, and verified that their roles are related to their location. The team has taken a step closer to revealing the secret of underwater adhesion by uncovering that these amino acids can contribute to surface adhesion and cohesion differentl ....

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Ethnically diverse research identifies more genetic markers linked to diabetes


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IMAGE: Cassandra Spracklen is an assistant professor of biostatistics and epidemiology in the UMass Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences.
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Credit: UMass Amherst
By ensuring ethnic diversity in a largescale genetic study, an international team of researchers, including a University of Massachusetts Amherst genetic epidemiologist, has identified more regions of the genome linked to type 2 diabetes-related traits.
The findings, published May 31 in
Nature Genetics, broaden the understanding of the biological basis of type 2 diabetes and demonstrate that expanding research into different ancestries yields better results. Ultimately the goal is to improve patient care worldwide by identifying genetic targets to treat the chronic metabolic disorder. Type 2 diabetes affects and sometimes debilitates more than 460 million adults worldwide, according to the International Diabetes Federation. About 1.5 million deaths were di ....

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Scientists say active early learning shapes the adult brain


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IMAGE: A teacher guides a student through a task in this historical photo of the Abecedarian Project, an early education, randomized controlled trial that began at the University of North Carolina.
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Credit: Virginia Tech
An enhanced learning environment during the first five years of life shapes the brain in ways that are apparent four decades later, say Virginia Tech and University of Pennsylvania scientists writing in the June edition of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.
The researchers used structural brain imaging to detect the developmental effects of linguistic and cognitive stimulation starting at six weeks of age in infants. The influence of an enriched environment on brain structure had formerly been demonstrated in animal studies, but this is the first experimental study to find a similar result in humans. ....

United States , North Carolina , Chapel Hill , Craig Ramey , Martha Farah , Read Montague , Terry Lohrenz , Sharon Landesman Ramey , Human Neuroimaging Laboratory , Williamn Sternberg Fund For Human Information , Processing Research , Fralin Biomedical Research Institute Human Neuroimaging Lab , Fralin Biomedical Research Institute , School Of Arts , Sciences Research Fund , University Of Pennsylvania , Human Neuroimaging Lab , Principal Research Fellowship , Virginia Tech , Abecedarian Project , Fralin Biomedical Research , Computational Psychiatry Unit , Human Neuroimaging , Wellcome Trust , Human Information Processing , Medicine Health ,