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E-Mail The human heart contracts about 70 times per minute, while that of a rat contracts over 300 times; what accounts for this difference? In a new study publishing 10th June in the open-access journal PLOS Biology, led by Michael Geeves and Mark Wass of the University of Kent and Leslie Leinwand from the University of Colorado Boulder, reveal the molecular differences in the heart muscle protein beta myosin that underly the large difference in contraction velocity between the two species. Myosin is a molecular motor - an intricate nanomachine that forms the dynamic core of a muscle s contractile machinery, burning cellular chemical energy in the form of ATP to rapidly and reversibly exert force against cables of actin. In so doing, it pulls the ends of the muscle cell closer together, causing muscle contraction. It has long been known that the maximal rate of contraction, called V0, varies predictably among mammals: In small mammals with their high metabolic ra ....
E-Mail IMAGE: In a recent survey of published animal studies, Randy Nelson chair of the WVU Department of Neuroscience and director of basic science research for the Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute . view more Credit: WVU Photo/Jennifer Shephard MORGANTOWN, W.Va. Imagine being woken up at 3 a.m. to navigate a corn maze, memorize 20 items on a shopping list or pass your driver s test. According to a new analysis out of West Virginia University, that s often what it s like to be a rodent in a biomedical study. Mice and rats, which make up the vast majority of animal models, are nocturnal. Yet a survey of animal studies across eight behavioral neuroscience domains showed that most behavioral testing is conducted during the day, when the rodents would normally be at rest. ....
E-Mail IMAGE: Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania used a novel technique based on the CRIPSR-Cas9 system to precisely track the lineage of cancer cells. They found that that one clone (represented. view more Credit: University of Pennsylvania It s often cancer s spread, not the original tumor, that poses the disease s most deadly risk. And yet metastasis is one of the most poorly understood aspects of cancer biology, says Kamen Simeonov, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. In a new study, a team led by Simeonov and School of Veterinary Medicine professor Christopher Lengner has made strides toward deepening that understanding by tracking the development of metastatic cells. Their work used a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and cutting-edge techniques to trace the lineage and gene expression patterns of individual cancer cells. They found a spectrum of aggression in the cells that a ....
Using more than 3.4 million citizen scientist observations of 140 different bird species across the continental U.S., researchers found that common bird species avoided areas with excessive noise. In areas where light and noise pollution both occurred, many additional species avoided backyard feeders. Seasonal patterns and variation in the length of night also influenced how species respond to light pollution. ....