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Life may have become cellular by using unusual molecules


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IMAGE: Starting from a liquid alpha hydroxy acid monomer library, drying through heating results in synthesis of polyester polymers, which form a gel-like state. This gel is then rehydrated, resulting in.
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Credit: Tony Z. Jia
All modern life is composed of cells, from single-celled bacteria to more complex organisms such as humans, which may contain billions or even trillions of cells, but how life came to be cellular remains uncertain. New research led by specially appointed assistant professor Tony Z. Jia at the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at Tokyo Institute of Technology, along with colleagues from around the world (Japan, Malaysia, France, Czech Republic, India and the USA), shows that simple chemical compounds known as hydroxy acids, which were likely common on primitive Earth, spontaneously link together and form structures reminiscent of modern cells when dried from solution, as may have happened on or in ancient beaches o ....

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Scientists find molecular patterns that may help identify extraterrestrial life


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IMAGE: Scientists are at the brink of being able to detect ET Life, which was predicted to be difficult decades ago. New techniques suggest there might be clever analytical tricks using.
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Credit: NASA
Scientists have begun the search for extraterrestrial life in the Solar System in earnest, but such life may be subtly or profoundly different from Earth-life, and methods based on detecting particular molecules as biosignatures may not apply to life with a different evolutionary history. A new study by a joint Japan/US-based team, led by researchers at the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, has developed a machine learning technique which assesses complex organic mixtures using mass spectrometry to reliably classify them as biological or abiological. ....

Czech Republic , United States , Chuo Ku , Nicholas Guttenberg , Tomohiro Mochizuki , Chuan Chen , Jim Cleaves , H James Cleaves , Florida State University , World Premier International Research Center Initiative , Cross Compass Ltd , Us National Maglab , Life Science Institute , National Maglab , World Premiere International , Tokyo Institute Of Technology Tech , National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Tokyo Institute Of Technology , Blue Marble Space Institute Of Science , Institute For Advanced Study , Us National Science Foundation , Ministry Of Education , Solar System , Earth Life Science Institute , Tokyo Institute , Star Trek ,

Artificial intelligence finds surprising patterns in Earth's biological mass extinctions


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IMAGE: A new study applies machine learning to the fossil record to visualise life s history, showing the impacts of major evolutionary events. This shows the long-term evolutionary and ecological impacts of.
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Credit: J. Hoyal Cuthill and N. Guttenberg.
Charles Darwin s landmark opus,
On the Origin of the Species, ends with a beautiful summary of his theory of evolution, There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. In fact, scientists now know that most species that have ever existed are extinct. This extinction of species has on the whole been roughly balanced by the origination of new ones over Earth s history, with a few major temporary imbalances sc ....

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AI spots surprising patterns in Earth's mass extinctions


Charles Darwin’s landmark opus, 
On the Origin of the Species, ends with a beautiful summary of his theory of evolution, “There is a grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.” In fact, scientists now know that most species that have ever existed are extinct. This extinction of species has on the whole been roughly balanced by the origination of new ones over Earth’s history, with a few major temporary imbalances scientists call mass extinction events. Scientists have long believed that mass extinctions create productive periods of species evolution, or “radiations,” a model called “creative destruction.” A new study led by scientists affiliated with the Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI) at ....

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