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Did icy clouds give Mars lakes and rivers?


At some point in its early history, Mars could have had a thin layer of icy, high-altitude clouds that caused a greenhouse effect, new research suggests.
The theory helps explain one of the great puzzles of modern space science that the view from NASA’s Perseverance, which just landed on Mars, neatly sums up: Today Mars is a desert planet, and yet the rover is sitting right next to an ancient river delta.
“Mars is important because it’s the only planet we know of that had the ability to support life and then lost it.”
The apparent contradiction has puzzled scientists for decades, especially because at the same time that Mars had flowing rivers, it was getting less than a third as much sunshine as we enjoy today on Earth. ....

Propulsion Laboratory , Proceedings Of The National Academy Sciences , University Of Chicago , Aeolis Research , University Of Chicago Research Computing Center , Today Mars , Edwin Kite , National Academy , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Chicago Research Computing , ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிகாகோ , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிகாகோ ஆராய்ச்சி கணினி மையம் , இன்று செவ்வாய் கிரகம் , எட்வின் காத்தாடி , தேசிய கலைக்கழகம் , ஜெட் ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் , சிகாகோ ஆராய்ச்சி கணினி ,

Icy clouds could have kept early Mars warm enough for rivers and lakes, study finds


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Credit: NASA and JPL-Caltech.
One of the great mysteries of modern space science is neatly summed up by the view from NASA s Perseverance, which just landed on Mars: Today it s a desert planet, and yet the rover is sitting right next to an ancient river delta.
The apparent contradiction has puzzled scientists for decades, especially because at the same time that Mars had flowing rivers, it was getting less than a third as much sunshine as we enjoy today on Earth.
But a new study led by University of Chicago planetary scientist Edwin Kite, an assistant professor of geophysical sciences and an expert on climates of other worlds, uses a computer model to put forth a promising explanation: Mars could have had a thin layer of icy, high-altitude clouds that caused a greenhouse effect. ....

Mark Richardson , Michael Mischna , Propulsion Laboratory , University Of Chicago , Aeolis Research , University Of Chicago Research Computing Center , Edwin Kite , Liam Steele , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Chicago Research Computing , Early Mars , Atmospheric Science , Atmospheric Chemistry , Climate Science , Temperature Dependent Phenomena , Space Planetary Science , Planets Moons , Satellite Missions Shuttles , Climate Change , குறி ரிச்சர்ட்சன் , ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிகாகோ , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிகாகோ ஆராய்ச்சி கணினி மையம் , எட்வின் காத்தாடி , லியாம் ஸ்டீல் , ஜெட் ப்ரொபல்ஶந் ஆய்வகம் ,

Cell 'bones' mystery solved with supercomputers


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VIDEO: Subunits B (blue), B-1 (cyan), and B-2 (gray) depicted as ribbon diagrams. Initially bound to B-1, subunit B unflattens, straining contact between subunits until they separate. The resulting loose lateral.
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Credit: Vilmos Zsolnay, University of Chicago.
Our cells are filled with bones, in a sense. Thin, flexible protein strands called actin filaments help support and move around the bulk of the cells of eukaryotes, which includes all plants and animals. Always on the go, actin filaments constantly grow, shrink, bind with other things, and branch off when cells move.
Supercomputer simulations have helped solve the mystery of how actin filaments polymerize, or chain together. This fundamental research could be applied to treatments to stop cancer spread, develop self-healing materials, and more. ....

United States , Gregory Voth , Stevenz Chou , Gregorya Voth , Vilmos Zsolnay , Thomasd Pollard , Harshwardhanh Katkar , Haigp Papazian Distinguished Service Professor , Yale University , Texas Advanced Computing Center , Multidisciplinary Research Initiative Grant , Department Of Biophysical Sciences , Proceedings Of The National Academy Sciences , University Of Chicago , Department Of Defense Army Research Office , University Of Chicago Research Computing Center , Voth Group , National Institute , National Academy , Biophysical Sciences , Distinguished Service Professor , Chicago Research Computing , Extreme Science , Engineering Discovery Environment , Texas Advanced Computing , Defense Army Research Office ,