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An ancient mystery

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Early Earth was no place to be. Hot, oxygen-free and subject to cataclysmic cosmic bombardments, our planet some 4.5 billion years ago was inhospitable to life as we know it. And yet from this early awkward stage, thanks to the metabolism of primitive single-celled organisms, Earth s atmosphere changed. Oxygen levels rose first in the shallow surface waters and atmosphere, and 2 billion years later in deeper waters.
This Great Oxidation Event, which began about 2.4 billion years ago, set the stage for a turning point in the history of life on Earth that is also among its most enduring mysteries: the evolution of complex cellular organisms, the eukaryotes. Unlike single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes have a membrane-enclosed nucleus, the fundamental cell structure that would carry over into all plants, animals, protists and fungi on the planet. ....

Susannah Porter , Santa Barbara , Alyson Santoro , Betty Moore Foundation , Simons Foundation , University Of Texas , Mcgill University , Heimholtz Institute , Oxford University , Yearly Earth , Great Oxidation Event , Endosymbiotic Theory , Leigh Anne Riedman , Cell Biology , Marine Freshwater Biology , Earth Science , சுசன்னா போர்டர் , சாந்தா பார்பரா , அலிசன் சாண்டோரோ , பெட்டி மூர் அடித்தளம் , சிமன்கள் அடித்தளம் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் டெக்சாஸ் , மகில் பல்கலைக்கழகம் , ஆக்ஸ்ஃபர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகம் , ஆரம்ப பூமி , நன்று ஆக்ஸைடேஶந் நிகழ்வு ,

Long-accepted theory of vertebrate origin upended by fossilized lamprey larvae

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IMAGE: Artist s reconstruction showing the life stages of the fossil lamprey Priscomyzon riniensis. It lived around 360 million years ago in a coastal lagoon in what is now South Africa. Clockwise.
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Credit: Kristen Tietjen
Ottawa, March 10, 2021 - A new study of fossilized lampreys dating from more than 300 million years ago is challenging a long-held theory about the evolutionary origin of vertebrates (all animals with a backbone). The findings are published March 10 in the science journal
Nature.
Lampreys are ancient, jawless, eel-like fishes that arose around half a billion years ago and they have long provided insights into vertebrate evolution. Now, scientists with the Canadian Museum of Nature, the University of Chicago and the Albany Museum in South Africa are reporting their analysis of dozens of tiny fossils that track the life stages and growth of ancient lampreys, from hatchlings to juveniles to adults. ....

South Africa , United States , Dan Smythe , Kristen Tietjen , Tetsuto Miyashita , Kristen Tietjin , Michael Coates , University Of Kansas , University Of Chicago , Canadian Museum Of Nature , Albany Museum , Canadian Museum , Rob Gess , Plate Devonian , Media Relations , Developmental Reproductive Biology , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , டான் ஸ்மைத் , கிறிஸ்டன் திீெட்ஜேன் , மைக்கேல் பூச்சுகள் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் கன்சாஸ் , பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் சிகாகோ , கனடியன் அருங்காட்சியகம் ஆஃப் இயற்கை , அல்பானி அருங்காட்சியகம் , கனடியன் அருங்காட்சியகம் , கொள்ளை கெஸ் ,

Fossils from

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IMAGE: The type of specimen the new plant is based on, preserving the crown of the tree with leaves and its fertile organs attached to the stem
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Credit: NIGPAS
A recent study on spectacular fossil plants preserved in a volcanic ash fall deposit known as China s vegetational Pompeii, in Inner Mongolia, China has resolved a mystery that puzzled palaeontology for over a century: What are Noeggerathiales?
The study, published in
PNAS on March 8, was led by Prof. WANG Jun from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGPAS) and by Prof. David Dilcher from Indiana University (USA). Researchers from the UK, Czech Republic and Austria were also involved. ....

Czech Republic , United Kingdom , Inner Mongolia , Nei Mongol , David Dilcher , Institute Of Geology , Palaeontology Of The Chinese Academy Sciences , Indiana University United States , Nanjing Institute , Chinese Academy , Indiana University , United States , Old World , செக் குடியரசு , ஒன்றுபட்டது கிஂக்டம் , உள் மங்கோலியா , னே மங்கோல் , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் புவியியல் , இந்தியானா பல்கலைக்கழகம் ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , நான்ஜிங் நிறுவனம் , சீன கலைக்கழகம் , இந்தியானா பல்கலைக்கழகம் , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , பழையது உலகம் ,

Extracting information from ancient teeth

There s a surprising amount of information stored in the hardened plaque, or calculus, between teeth. And if that calculus belongs to the remains of a person who lived in ancient times, the information could reveal new insights about the past. But the tiny samples can be difficult to work with. Now, in ACS ....

United States , Michael Buckley , Karren Palmer , Cheryl Makarewicz , European Union Horizon , Us Congress , European Research Council , Journal Of Proteome Research , American Chemical Society , Proteome Research , European Union , Chemistry Physics Materials Sciences , Dentistry Periodontal Disease , Old World , New World , ஒன்றுபட்டது மாநிலங்களில் , மைக்கேல் பக்லி , க்யாரந் பாமர் , ஐரோப்பிய தொழிற்சங்கம் அடிவானம் , எங்களுக்கு காங்கிரஸ் , ஐரோப்பிய ஆராய்ச்சி சபை , அமெரிக்கன் இரசாயன சமூகம் , ஐரோப்பிய தொழிற்சங்கம் , உயிர் வேதியியல் , வேதியியல் இயற்பியல் பொருட்கள் அறிவியல் , பல் மருத்துவம் பெரியடாஂடல் நோய் ,

Long-accepted theory of vertebrate origin upended by fossilized fish larvae

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IMAGE: Artist s reconstruction showing the life stages of the fossil lamprey Priscomyzon riniensis. It lived around 360 million years ago in a coastal lagoon in what is now South Africa.
Clockwise.
view more
Credit: Kristen Tietjen
A new study out of the University of Chicago, the Canadian Museum of Nature and the Albany Museum challenges a long-held hypothesis that the blind, filter-feeding larvae of modern lampreys are a holdover from the distant past, resembling the ancestors of all living vertebrates, including ourselves. The new fossil discoveries indicate that ancient lamprey hatchlings more closely resembled modern adult lampreys, and were completely unlike their modern larvae counterparts. The results were published on March 10 in ....

United States , University Of Chicago , Hyde Park , Orland Park , Bernard Mitchell Hospital , South Africa , Kristen Tietjen , Tetsuto Miyashita , Michael Coates , University Of Kansas , Cancer Center , Department Of Organismal Biology , Canadian Museum Of Nature , Albany Museum , National Science Foundation , Sciences Division , University Of Chicago Medical Center , University Of Chicago Medicine Biological Sciences , Duchossois Center , Pritzker School Of Medicine , University Of Chicago Medicine , Canadian Museum , Chicago Fellow , Organismal Biology , Rob Gess , Chicago Medicine ,