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GEM simplifies the internal structure of protons and their collisions

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IMAGE: When a proton collides with a proton, the gluon emitted by one of the valence quarks can interact with a virtual quark from the the quark-antiquark pair inside the other.
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Credit: Source: IFJ PAN / Dual Color
Inside each proton or neutron there are three quarks bound by gluons. Until now, it has often been assumed that two of them form a stable pair known as a diquark. It seems, however, that it s the end of the road for the diquarks in physics. This is one of the conclusions of the new model of proton-proton or proton-nucleus collisions, which takes into account the interactions of gluons with the sea of virtual quarks and antiquarks. ....

Marian Smoluchowski Krak , Andrzej Rybicki , Marek Jezabek , National Research Centre , Research Consortium , European Commission , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Gluon Exchange Model , Academy Of Sciences , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , Hr Excellence In Research , Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy , Dual Parton Model , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute , Central Europe , Leading National Research Centre , Dual Color , தேசிய ஆராய்ச்சி மையம் , ஆராய்ச்சி கூட்டமைப்பு , ஐரோப்பிய தரகு , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் அணு இயற்பியல் , கலைக்கழகம் ஆஃப் அறிவியல் , மணி சிறப்பானது இல் ஆராய்ச்சி , அணு இயற்பியல் ,

Cell mechanics research is making chemotherapy friendlier

Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
Malignant tumour cells undergo mechanical deformation more easily than normal cells, allowing them to migrate throughout the body. The mechanical properties of prostate cancer cells treated with the most commonly used anti-cancer drugs have been investigated at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. According to the researchers, current drugs can be used more effectively and at lower doses.
In cancer, a key factor contributing to the formation of metastasis is the ability of the neoplastic cells to undergo mechanical deformation. At the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN) in Cracow, research on the mechanical properties of cells has been conducted for a quarter of a century. The latest study, carried out in cooperation with the Department of Medical Biochemistry of the Jagiellonian University Medical College, concerned several drugs currently used in prostate cancer chemothe ....

Malgorzata Lekka , Andrzej Kubiak , Marian Smoluchowski Krak , Department Of Cell Biology , National Research Centre , Research Consortium , European Commission , Department Of Biophysical Microstructures , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Biotechnology Of The Jagiellonian University , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Academy Of Sciences , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , University Of Milan Department Physics , Hr Excellence In Research , Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy , Medical Biochemistry , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Biophysical Microstructures , Cell Biology , Jagiellonian University , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute , Central Europe , Leading National Research Centre , Laboratoryof Spectroscopic Imaging ,

We know the cost of free choice and locality - in physics and not only

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IMAGE: Artistic imagery about the famous Bell experiments, with ballet dancers personifying experimental arrangements in space-time separated labs. The strings of ones and zeros allude to the violation of free choice.
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Credit: Source: IFJ PAN / Iwona Michniewska
Do we have free choice or are our decisions predetermined? Is physical reality local, or does what we do here and now have an immediate influence on events elsewhere? The answers to these questions are sought by physicists in the Bell inequalities. It turns out that free choice and local realism can be skilfully measured and compared. The results obtained reveal surprising relationships of a fundamental and universal nature, going far beyond quantum mechanics itself. ....

United States , United Kingdom , Christoph Gallus , Ewa Borsuk , Pawel Blasiak , Boris Podolsky , Albert Einstein , Marian Smoluchowski Krak , Jamesm Yearsley , Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen , John Stewart Bell , Nathan Rosen , National Research Centre , Intergalactic Science Congress , Research Consortium , European Commission , National Agency For Academic Exchange , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Proceedings Of The National Academy Sciences , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Academy Of Sciences , British City University Of London , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , American Office Of Naval Research Global , Hr Excellence In Research , Nuclear Physics ,

Creation without contact in the collisions of lead and gold nuclei

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IMAGE: Semicentral or central collisions of lead nuclei in the LHC produce quark-gluon plasma and a cocktail with contributions of other particles. Simultaneously, clouds of photons surrounding the nuclei collide, resulting.
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Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
When heavy ions, accelerated to the speed of light, collide with each other in the depths of European or American accelerators, quark-gluon plasma is formed for fractions of a second, or even its cocktail seasoned with other particles. According to scientists from the IFJ PAN, experimental data show that there are underestimated actors on the scene: photons. Their collisions lead to the emission of seemingly excess particles, the presence of which could not be explained. ....

New York , United States , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Mariola Klusek Gawenda , Marian Smoluchowski Krak , National Research Centre , Research Consortium , European Commission , European Council For Nuclear Research , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Academy Of Sciences , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , National Science Centre , Hr Excellence In Research , Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy , Wolfgang Sch , Antoni Szczurek , Polish National Science , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute , Central Europe , Leading National Research Centre , European Council , Nuclear Research , புதியது யார்க் ,

Titanium dioxide stars in the first IFJ PAN research at the Cracow synchrotron

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IMAGE: Klaudia Wojtaszek (IFJ PAN) prepares samples for placement in the measurement chamber at the XAS research station of the SOLARIS synchrotron.
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Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
Few compounds are as important to industry and medicine today as titanium dioxide. Despite the variety and popularity of its applications, many issues related to the surface structure of materials made of this compound and the processes taking place therein remain unclear. Some of these secrets have just been revealed to scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was the first time they had used the SOLARIS synchrotron in their research. ....

Marian Smoluchowski Krak , Jakub Szlachetko , Wojciechm Kwiatek , Hanna Wach , National Research Centre , Division Of Interdisciplinary Research , National Synchrotron Radiation Centre , Research Consortium , European Commission , Synchrotron Radiation Society , Jagiellonian University , Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Academy Of Sciences , Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute Of Nuclear Physics , Cyclotron Centre Bronowice , National Science Centre , Hr Excellence In Research , Nuclear Physics , Polish Academy , General Electric , Central Europe , Interdisciplinary Research , Polish Synchrotron Radiation , Polish National Science Centre , Klaudia Wojtaszek , Physical Chemistry ,