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Large-scale genetic study sheds light on the causes of hemorrhoids (piles)


Large-scale genetic study sheds light on the causes of hemorrhoids (piles)
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Found at the very end of the digestive tract, hemorrhoids are blood filled cushions that help contain stool and control defecation in humans. Often confusing, hemorrhoids is also what we usually call hemorrhoidal disease (or piles), which is when hemorrhoids swell, causing pain, itching and sometimes bleeding, thus limiting everyday activities. While they mostly remain mild enough to be resolved with over-the-counter treatments, more severe forms of hemorrhoids require surgical treatment associated with considerable disease burden.
Many risk factors have been suggested including a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, reduced dietary fiber intake, spending excess time on the toilet or straining during defecation, strenuous lifting and others, with several being controversially reported. Possibly due to their intimate and embarrassing nature, hemorrhoidal disease has been ....

South Australia , Pais Vasco , Karolinska Institutet , Andre Franke , Teknikery Vicometch , Oliver Franke , Clemens Franke , Mauro Damato , University Of Copenhagen , Kiel University , Centre For Cooperative Research In Biosciences , Me Inc , Monash University , Institute Of Genomics , Severo Ochoa Centre Of Excellence , University Medical Center Rostock , Department Of Education The Basque Government , Danish National Patient Registry , University Of Michiganfrom United States , University Of Tartu , Basque Foundation For , Bizkaia Technology Park , Prof Andre Franke , Kiel Germany , Prof Maurod Amato , Bilbao Spain ,

A computational guide to lead cells down desired differentiation paths


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IMAGE: The collaborative team successfully used their computer-guided design tool IRENE to reconstruct the gene regulatory network controlling the identity of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Credit: Wyss Institute at Harvard University
(BOSTON) There is a great need to generate various types of cells for use in new therapies to replace tissues that are lost due to disease or injuries, or for studies outside the human body to improve our understanding of how organs and tissues function in health and disease. Many of these efforts start with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that, in theory, have the capacity to differentiate into virtually any cell type in the right culture conditions. The 2012 Nobel Prize awarded to Shinya Yamanaka recognized his discovery of a strategy that can reprogram adult cells to become iPSCs by providing them with a defined set of gene-regulatory transcription factors (TFs). However, progres ....

Boston University , United States , University Of Massachusetts Medical School , Massachusetts Institute Of Technology , Dana Farber Cancer Institute , Tufts University , Pais Vasco , Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital , Lucie Debroux , Shinya Yamanaka , Evan Appleton , Donald Ingber , George Church , Benjamin Boettner , Muhammad Ali , Nature Communications , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Technology Alliance , Charitable Foundation , Severo Ochoa Centre Of Excellence , Basque Research , Wyss Institute , Army Research Office , Wyss Institute Synthetic Biology , Harvard Johna Paulson School Of Engineering , Bizkaia Technology Park ,

Nanoenzymes designed with a unique combination of structure and functions


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IMAGE: A) Spatial organisation of the catalytic biostructures. B) and C) Detail of the two types of amino acids and their interactions.
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Credit: IBB-UAB
Researchers at the UAB have designed minimalist biostructures that imitate natural enzymes, capable of carrying out two differentiated and reversibly regulated activities thanks to a unique combination of structural and functional properties. The strategy used opens the door to the creation of intelligent nanomaterials with tailor-made combinations of catalytic functions.
There is an increasing interest in synthetic systems that can execute bioinspired chemical reactions without requiring the complex structures that characterise enzymes in their components. One of the most explored approaches is the self-assembly of peptides - molecules smaller than proteins - due to their biocompatibility and how their structural and functional properties can be controlled. ....

Comunidad Autonoma De Cataluna , Mariona Sodupe , Francesc Teixidor , Francesca Peccati , Luis Rodr , Miquel Nuez Mart , Susanna Navarro , Centre For Cooperative Research In Biosciences , Institute Of Biotechnology , Institute Of Materials Science Barcelona , Universitat Aut , Salvador Ventura , Protein Folding , Conformational Diseases , Molecular Biology , Materials Science , Cooperative Research , Biomedical Environmental Chemical Engineering , Nanotechnology Micromachines , காமுனிடட தன்னாட்சி டி கடலுள் , மைக்கேல் நியூஸ் மார்ட் , சுசன்னா நேவாரு , மையம் க்கு கூட்டுறவு ஆராய்ச்சி இல் உயிர் அறிவியல் , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் உயிரி தொழில்நுட்பவியல் , நிறுவனம் ஆஃப் பொருட்கள் அறிவியல் பார்சிலோனா , சால்வடார் வென்ச்சுரா ,